Chapter 11 exam practice questions from Bernstein textbook PDF

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There are 18 files, each files corresponds with each chapter in the Bernstein textbook.

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Multiple Choice Problem

Assignment Title: Test bank Author: Bernstein et al. Print ISBN: 9780170386302 Title: Psychology eBooks 13 digit ISBN: 9780170398732 Chapter/Section Name: Human development Chapter/Section Number: 11 Content Development Contact: Natalie Orr Content Creator Name: Bernstein et al. Creation Date: 14/07/2017

1. Developmental psychology is best defined as the study of a. children’s thought processes and moral reasoning. b. the physical changes that occur in the womb and during the childhood years. c. the social, cognitive and physical changes that occur over the course of the life span. d. the influence of genes on the behaviour of infants, children, adolescents and adults.

ANS: C

OBJ: 11 REF: Chapter 11: Introduction KEY: Knowledge

2. A researcher is interested in how the ageing process changes parent-child relationships. The researcher is most likely a ___________ psychologist. a. Gestalt b. biological c. cognitive d. developmental

ANS: D OBJ: 11 REF: Chapter 11: Introduction KEY: Comprehension

3. The term ‘tabula rasa’ refers to Locke’s belief that a. altering people’s inherent personality ‘slates’ is impossible.

b. human development is influenced primarily by the environment. c. children develop according to an invariable set of stages. d. humans are born with a natural propensity toward goodness.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

4. Agatha is a graduate student studying behavioural genetics. In other words, she is most likely learning about a. the characteristics of a single individual rather than differences between individuals. b. how hereditary factors cause behaviours and traits, independent of environment. c. how genes and the environment influence specific aspects of development. d. how children learn about the world independent of instructions from adults.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension



5. Dr Gaumer has been observing children at play, both alone and with others. He has concluded that motor skills, such as walking and throwing a ball, develop in all children in a fixed sequence that is relatively independent of the child’s environment. Dr Gaumer is supporting a ___________ theory. a. habituational b. maturational c. behavioural d. tabula rasa

ANS: B OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

6. You enter class late and hear the lecturer say ‘this man claimed that there was no such thing as an inheritance of capacity, temperament, mental constitution and characteristics’. Your lecturer must be talking about a. John B. Watson. b. Arnold Gesell. c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. d. Jean Piaget.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

7. Tyra is pregnant. Her doctor tells her that at this stage of the baby’s development, it can kick, can turn its head, can open its eyes and already has taste buds. Tyra’s baby is in the ___________ stage of prenatal development. a. zygotic b. foetal c. embryonic d. critical

ANS: B OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

8. You are an organism at some point during your prenatal development. Just seconds ago, your complete set of DNA was assembled for the first time. Right now, you are a(n) a. zygote. b. embryo. c. germ. d. foetus.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

9. Lilianna’s pregnancy is in the foetal stage. All of the foetus’ organs have developed and are functional, but they are immature. The foetus can also respond to light and touch. What month of pregnancy is Lilianna in? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

ANS: D

OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

10. Margarite is going to have a baby. Dr Cortez tells her that there is a critical period in which her baby’s organs and limbs must grow or else they never will. Which stage of prenatal development is Dr Cortez describing? a. Zygote b. Embryonic c. Foetal d. Gestational

ANS: B OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

11. Nellie has just discovered that she is pregnant. She is a smoker and knows she should quit because nicotine is especially harmful to the foetus during the ___________ stage of development and leads to ___________. a. embryonic; low birth weight

b. embryonic; intellectual disability c. foetal; loss of limbs d. foetal; brain damage

ANS: A OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

12. Teratogens are especially damaging in the ___________ stage of pregnancy, because this stage is a critical period in prenatal development, an interval during which certain kinds of growth must occur if development is to proceed normally. a. germinal b. prenatal c. embryonic d. foetal

ANS: C OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge



13. Jeff, a toddler, has malformations on his face, including his nose and upper lip. He also has been diagnosed with an intellectual disability. Jeff’s condition was most likely caused by his mother ___________ while she was pregnant. a. contracting rubella b. smoking heavily c. using cocaine d. abusing alcohol

ANS: D OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

14. Mental or physical problems resulting from all harmful prenatal factors affect ___________ of babies born in Western nations. a. fewer than 10% b. more than 10% c. roughly 5% d. fewer than 5%

ANS: D OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

15. Infant Izzie is most likely to stare at a. her mother’s face. b. the dainty pastel flowers in the wallpaper in her room. c. the fuzzy, all-white bunny in her crib. d. the life-size teddy bear sitting across the room.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

16. Newborns typically exhibit a. well-developed vision. b. a preference for certain smells. c. an inability to discriminate between different tastes. d. hearing that is sharper than that of the average adult.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

17. Hannah’s behaviour depends largely on reflexes rather than on voluntary control over her movements. Hannah is most likely ___________ months old. a. less than six b. six to 12 c. 12 to 18 d. 18 to 24

ANS: A

OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

18. When you go over to visit your friend’s new baby, your friend exclaims, ‘Watch this! Every time I touch his cheek, he turns his mouth towards my finger.’ Because you’ve taken psychology, you know that this phenomenon is called the ___________ reflex. a. rooting b. grasping c. sucking d. complementary

ANS: A OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Knowledge

19. Teddy is demonstrating the grasping reflex – when you put a finger in his hand he grasps your finger. How old is Teddy? a. One to two months

b. Five to six months c. Seven to eight months d. Ten months to one year

ANS: D OBJ: 11.1 REF: Chapter 11: 11.1 Exploring Human Development KEY: Comprehension

20. Jean Piaget explained that people form generalisations as they experience the world, which help them to organise past experiences and provide a framework for understanding future experiences. These generalisations are called a. scripts. b. periods. c. schemas. d. stages.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge



21. When little Augustus is given his first vitamin pill, he says, ‘Yay! Lolly!’ According to Piaget, this is an example of a. assimilation. b. accommodation. c. egocentrism. d. object permanence.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

22. Nathan, who is three years old, tried to feed a cookie to his sister’s hamster and was surprised when the hamster refused to eat the cookie. Because Nathan assumed that hamsters like the same kinds of food as little kids, his schema for hamsters needs to be ___________ according to Piaget. a. expanded b. organised c. assimilated d. accommodated

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

23. According to Piaget, the end of the sensorimotor stage is marked by a. the disappearance of egocentrism. b. mastery of conservation tasks. c. the appearance of logical thought. d. the ability to form mental representations.

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

24. A child sees a piece of bread go down in a toaster, then turns away believing it no longer exists. According to Piaget, this child has not yet achieved ___________ and is in the ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. object permanence; sensorimotor b. object permanence; preoperational c. conservation; concrete operational d. conservation; formal operational

ANS: A OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

25. Mehmet thinks that his teddy bear will be very sad when he leaves for a week on a holiday. He thinks that it might even get sick because he will not be there to care for it. According to Piaget, Mehmet is most likely in the ___________ stage and is displaying ___________. a. sensorimotor; animism b. preoperational; egocentrism c. sensorimotor; egocentrism d. preoperational; animism

ANS: D

OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

26. Veruca’s mother is buying breakfast cereal. Even though there is more cereal in the wide plastic containers than in the tall, thin boxes, Veruca cries, ‘I want the box, Mummy, because I want more!’ According to Piaget, Veruca has not yet mastered ___________, which means she is probably in the ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. conservation; concrete operational b. conservation; preoperational c. object permanence; concrete operational d. object permanence; preoperational

ANS: B OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

27. Little Susie wants a cup of milk, so tells her sister ‘Cup, milk, want’. Little Susie is probably in the ___________ period of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor

b. operational c. formal d. preoperational

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Application

28. Miss Friendly, the preschool teacher, is handing out brownies. At the bottom of the box, the brownie has broken into two and she gives these two pieces to Amin. Upon seeing this, Bridget cries out ‘No fair! He got two!’ even though her one brownie is the same size as his two pieces combined. According to Piaget, Bridget has not yet mastered a. accommodation. b. conservation. c. egocentrism. d. assimilation.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension



29. Rachel can sort objects by size or colour and can solve simple addition and subtraction problems. However, she cannot think logically about abstract ideas such as freedom and justice. Rachel is most likely in Piaget’s ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

30. Tavis is in Piaget’s concrete operations stage of development. Accordingly, Tavis has recently learned to a. understand, create and use symbols that represent things that are not present. b. take in new information about objects by using existing schemas. c. understand conservation, add, subtract and measure. d. engage in hypothetical thinking and abstract reasoning.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

31. Recent studies indicate that many people have never developed beyond the stage of concrete operational thought. Which of the following statements lends support to this hypothesis? a. Many university students feel unprepared to select a career. b. Many day-to-day tasks require only concrete operational skill levels. c. Many adults are unable to solve problems requiring abstract reasoning skills. d. There is a wide variation regarding when people can solve conservation problems.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

32. Harry is in university and is asked to imagine what the world would be like if humans had never invented the wheel. According to Piaget, if Harry is able to think abstractly about this problem, Harry is in the ___________ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. preoperational d. formal operational

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

33. Piaget’s formal operational stage of cognitive development is marked by the first appearance of the ability to a. conserve number and amount. b. engage in abstract, hypothetical thinking. c. form mental representations. d. perform logical operations.

ANS: B

OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

34. In Baillargeon’s experiments, babies looked longer at impossible events than possible events. The conclusion drawn from this research was that Piaget a. was irrelevant – Baillargeon’s work was unrelated. b. overestimated babies – babies do not have sensorimotor abilities. c. underestimated babies – babies have some knowledge of physics. d. was correct – babies do not have mental representations nor any knowledge of physics.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

35. Which of the following statements about recent research in developmental psychology is true? a. Recent research has settled the controversy of the influences of nature and nurture.

b. Recent research has questioned some of Piaget’s theories, such as object permanence. c. Recent research has conclusively authenticated virtually all of Freud’s psychosexual theories. d. None of these choices.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

36. Tim-Tim is three years old and, according to Piaget, in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. Which of the following actual research findings would have surprised Piaget? a. Tim-Tim can do conservation tasks if trained appropriately. b. Tim-Tim can use symbols. c. Tim-Tim can play pretend. d. Tim-Tim can find an object hidden under a cover.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Analysis



37. Recent modifications of Piaget’s research have indicated that children may develop less globally than Piaget originally theorised. These studies suggest that children’s reasoning is dependent on their general level of development, as well as a. their ability to self-regulate. b. how familiar they are with the objects involved. c. their attachment style. d. how they use dialectical thinking.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

38. Federico and Nate are debating on how to best study the cognitive activities of children. Federico subscribes to Piaget’s approach, which focuses on sudden qualitative advances. Nate disagrees, contending that the information processing approach is superior, because it focuses on a. gradual qualitative changes. b. sudden quantitative advances. c. sudden qualitative changes too. d. gradual quantitative advances.

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

39. Brenda has a longer attention span and is better able to filter out distractions than her younger brother Billy. This observation of cognitive ability supports the principles of a. Piaget’s theory. b. the Ainsworth study. c. the three main temperament patterns. d. the information processing approach.

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

40. Researchers have coined the term ‘infantile amnesia’ to explain the fact that a. infants have only explicit memories. b. people have few autobiographical memories before the age of three. c. people have a limited amount of storage and as they acquire ‘new’ memories, ‘old’ memories (from infancy) drop out. d. information processing occurs at a very early age, but metacognition develops much later.

ANS: B OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

41. Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky viewed the human mind as a product of a. genetic influence. b. cultural history. c. self-awareness. d. physical maturation.

ANS: B

OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

42. Tammy, who is five years old, loves playing shop. She knows that when a customer approaches her counter, she says hello, swipes their items and takes their money. For this activity, Tammy expresses a. a script. b. object permanence. c. formal operation. d. reversibility.

ANS: A OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Comprehension

43. Korean and Chinese children can do arithmetic with three-digit numbers with greater skill than Australian children. According to research, one of the most important factors explaining this difference is a. cultural influences on Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

b. cultural influences on Vygotsky’s social scripts. c. Asian language labels for the numbers 11 to 19. d. genetics.

ANS: C OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

44. A school board educational committee in a rural community is contemplating how to help deprived children improve their academic performance. Which elements do they need to emphasise outside of the classroom, according to developmental psychologists? a. A decrease in extracurricular activities. b. A good balance between play time and study time. c. More material rewards at home. d. The presence of a supportive and stimulating adult at home.

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Application



45. Maria’s cognitive development seems to be slower than that of the rest of her classmates. Many things in her environment might be impairing her cognitive development. Which of the following factors has not been shown to impair cognitive development? a. Poverty b. Noise c. Malnourishment d. Electronic games

ANS: D OBJ: 11.2 REF: Chapter 11: 11.2 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development KEY: Knowledge

46. Abby is a gurgling, even-tempered, happy baby. Austin is a fussy, irregular and irritable baby. These characteristics describe each i...