Chapter 2 exam practice questions from Bernstein textbook PDF

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There are 18 files, each files corresponds with each chapter in the Bernstein textbook.

These files are perfect for your Brain and Behaviour (PSY10007) exam.

A lot of these questions, are in your actual exam for 2021 if you are taking this unit...

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Multiple Choice Problem

Assignment Title: Test bank Author: Bernstein et al. Print ISBN: 9780170386302 Title: Psychology eBooks 13 digit ISBN: 9780170398732 Chapter/Section Name: Research in psychology Chapter/Section Number: 2 Content Development Contact: Natalie Orr Content Creator Name: Bernstein et al. Creation Date: 14/07/2017

1. On the first day of Introductory Philosophy class, Nora asks her students to provide a definition of the term ‘critical thinking’. Having aced Introductory Psychology last semester, Cassie knows that critical thinking is a. a specific, testable proposition about something under study. b. the process of assessing claims and making judgements on the basis of well-supported evidence. c. a cognitive response reliant on heuristics that allows a person to draw reasonable conclusions. d. the process of describing the exact operations or methods a scientist will use in a research study.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

2. If you were reviewing the evidence for a new therapy to use with clients, you would not blindly accept someone’s claims. You would look for, and make your judgement based on, well-supported evidence. The textbook refers to this process as a. naturalistic observation. b. intelligence. c. engaging in parsimonious thought processes. d. critical thinking.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

3. The process of assessing claims and making judgements based on well-supported evidence is known as

a. critical evaluation. b. psychological thinking. c. critical thinking. d. critical psychology.

ANS: C OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

4. After deciding what it is you are being asked to believe, one of the most important steps in evaluating claims is to a. seek out evidence that refutes the claim. b. rule out plausible alternate explanations. c. engage in parsimonious thought processes. d. evaluate the popularity of the claim.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

5. Which of the following is not one of the five questions that provide a strategy for critical thinking? a. Are there alternative ways of interpreting the evidence? b. What am I being asked to believe or accept? c. What is the reputation of the researcher(s)? d. What evidence is available to support the assertion?

ANS: C OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

6. Dr Taylor is conducting a research study examining how reading out loud to a dog affects children who are slow readers. She measures the number of pages each child reads in a 15-minute period three times: before, during and after the dog visits the classroom. Defining reading speed as the number of pages read in 15 minutes is referred to as a(n) ___________ definition.

a. experimental b. construct c. operational d. empirical

ANS: C OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

7. In order to answer questions about behavioural and mental processes, most psychological researchers first construct ___________. a. theories b. hypotheses c. definitions d. evaluations

ANS: B OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

8. A hypothesis is a. an evaluation statement. b. a set of questions to guide research in a specific topic. c. derived after research has ruled out alternate explanations. d. a specific and testable proposition.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

9. Tyler, a psychologist, believes that listening to classical music while studying will increase academic performance. This is an example of a(n) a. hypothesis. b. theory. c. experimental design. d. case study.

ANS: A OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

10. A factor or characteristic that is manipulated or measured in research is called a a. variable. b. construct. c. hypothesis. d. operational definition.

ANS: A OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

11. Twenty volunteers are shown a movie about a party. Afterwards, participants are asked to rate their reactions to the movie using a scale from 1 to 7. In this example, what would be the data? a. The participants b. The movie c. The party d. The ratings

ANS: D OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

12. Dr Bland is certain that listening to music while studying will result in higher scores on the final exams. To evaluate her hypothesis, she sends an email to half the class telling them to listen to their favourite music while studying; the other half of the class get an email telling them to study in complete silence. When Dr Bland looks at the scores after the exam, she notices that two of the ‘music’ group scored really low bringing that group’s average mark down to about the same as the ‘silence’ group. She decides to not include those two students’ scores in her analysis as obviously they didn’t follow instructions, eventually concluding that the data supports her hypothesis. Dr Bland has fallen victim to a. confirmation bias. b. hypothesis bias. c. variable confusion. d. confirmation error.

ANS: A OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

13. Jason answered a series of vocabulary and reading comprehension questions on a website. When he finished, the site gave him a rating of intelligence. ‘I don’t think that test really measured intelligence’, thought Jason. Jason is questioning the test’s a. consistency. b. validity. c. datum. d. reliability.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

14. Researchers need to consider the value of the evidence they collect. This is normally done by evaluating statistical reliability and validity. In this context, ‘reliability’ refers to the ___________ while ‘validity’ is the ___________. a. degree to which the data represent the topic being studied; degree to which the data are stable and consistent b. degree to which the data are stable; degree to which the researcher avoids confirmation bias c. degree to which the data are stable and consistent; degree to which the data represent the topic being studied d. specificity of the operational definition; robustness of the data collection method(s)

ANS: C OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

15. Megan believes she has found a medication that will greatly reduce the symptoms of depression. She decides to conduct an experiment to test her ___________. She randomly assigns depressed people to one of two groups. One group of participants takes the medication, while the other group gets only sugar pills. The latter group is receiving a ___________. a. hypothesis; placebo b. theory; random variable c. bias; treatment d. intervening variable; placebo

ANS: A OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

16. Luke has collected and examined his research data and now has a set of general principles that he believes accounts for the acquisition of personality traits. Luke has formed a(n) ___________ of personality. a. theory b. operational definition c. experimental design d. opinion

ANS: A OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Comprehension

17. Dr Gholson tells his students to maintain caution as they begin to draw conclusions about their own research. He encourages them to follow the law of parsimony, which means a. statistically significant results are not due to chance factors. b. results must be reported with the highest ethical standards. c. all members of a population had an equal chance of being selected for the study. d. the correct explanation tends to be the simplest one.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.1 Thinking Critically About Psychology KEY: Knowledge

18. Which of the following is not one of the four main goals for researchers in psychology? a. Describe behaviour and mental processes. b. Make predictions about behaviour and mental processes. c. Explain how and why behaviour and mental processes occur. d. Control and eliminate all maladaptive behaviour and mental processes.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.1 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

19. A noted psychologist and environmentalist, Dr Pigeon has received a grant to study older persons’ birdfeeding behaviour in public parks. Dr Pigeon has research assistants sit in public parks to unobtrusively collect the data. Dr Pigeon has chosen a ___________ research method. a. case study b. naturalistic observation c. controlled experiment d. survey

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

20. A disadvantage often associated with the ___________ research method is that people who know they are being studied may alter their normal behaviour. a. case study b. survey c. double-blind d. naturalistic observation

ANS: D

OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

21. A major limitation of naturalistic observation in the study of human behaviour is that a. accurate observations usually cannot be made. b. there is no sure way to know what is causing the behaviour being studied. c. studying people in their natural environment tells nothing about the influence of context on behaviour. d. it always requires two observers and is therefore very expensive.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

22. Piaget based much of his theory of cognitive development on his observations of how his children interacted with the world as they grew. Piaget’s research method was ___________ and his scientific goal was ___________. a. naturalistic observation; description b. controlled experiment; explanation c. survey; explanation d. naturalistic observation; prediction

ANS: A OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

23. Psychologists are most likely to use case studies instead of other research methods when they wish to study a. cause-effect relationships between variables. b. phenomena that are new, complex or rare. c. group behaviour and public opinion. d. people without being intrusive.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology

KEY: Knowledge

24. Dr Redford has long been interested in dissociative identity disorder. For the past three years the only participant in his research has been his client, Sybil. He has studied her case intensively. What research method is Dr Redford using? a. case study b. naturalistic observation c. survey d. experimental

ANS: A OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

25. Which of the following is not a limitation of the case study approach? a. Case studies may only contain the evidence that was considered important at the time. b. Case studies may be testing grounds for new treatments. c. Case studies are unlikely to be generalisable. d. Case studies may focus only on what the researcher considers important.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

26. Thanh was in a car accident a year ago in which she suffered some brain damage. Because of the rare nature of Thanh’s impairment, Dr Morello kept very detailed notes concerning the treatments administered, the effects of those treatments and other particular aspects of Thanh’s condition. He hopes to publish his findings so that if another psychologist encounters a patient with a condition like Thanh’s, that psychologist will have some information to aid him or her in treating that individual. Which research method is Dr Morello using? a. controlled experiment b. case study c. naturalistic observation d. survey

ANS: B

OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

27. Chan-ju and Lucas are researchers studying consumer behaviour. Chan-ju goes to a store and watches the shoppers for several days. She takes very careful notes about what she sees the shoppers doing, but she does not talk to the shoppers or interact with them in any way. Lucas goes to a store and asks each shopper a series of questions. He makes sure to ask these questions of each shopper in the store. Chan-ju’s study is an example of a(n) ___________ and Lucas’ study is an example of a ___________. a. case study; naturalistic observation b. experiment; case study c. survey; survey d. naturalistic observation; survey

ANS: D OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

28. Logan is interested in studying cooperation in children between the ages of two and six. He suspects that cooperation is greatest in groups of girls as opposed to groups of boys or coed groups. After carrying out his observation, he decides to examine the results to determine any relationships between gender and cooperation. Logan is planning to carry out a(n) a. double-blind design. b. random assignment. c. experiment. d. correlational study.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

29. Which of the following statements best describes a survey? a. A method that involves giving people questionnaires or special interviews designed to obtain descriptions of their attitudes, beliefs, opinions and intentions. b. A method that involves watching without interfering as a phenomenon occurs in the natural environment. c. A method of systematically evaluating behaviour in order to summarise it for scientific analysis. d. A method where one variable is manipulated in order to observe the effects on another variable while everything else is held constant.

ANS: A OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

30. Yasou calls people and asks them a specific list of questions concerning their opinions on how irritating telemarketers can be. What kind of research is Yasou conducting? a. naturalistic observation b. case study c. survey d. experiment

ANS: C OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

31. Nina wants to know whether there is a market for the Arctic Blast, a brand new product that freezes all types of food within seconds. To find out what percentage of people and what types of people might be interested in such a product, Nina needs to use ___________ as her method of research. a. a survey b. naturalistic observation c. a case study d. an experiment

ANS: A OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Application

32. Surveys can address the problems associated with ___________, which are inherent in case studies. a. small sampling sizes b. the lack of control groups c. the lack of experimental groups d. confounds

ANS: A

OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

33. A doctor has completed a three-year research project on patients with dissociative fugue. She has decided the next step is to run correlational studies on her data. The doctor is doing this to a. determine if her sampling is representative. b. find trends and relationships among variables. c. find a cause-and-effect relationship. d. eliminate the possibility of experimenter bias.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

34. Which of the following is not a potential limitation of survey designs? a. Respondents may answer in a socially desirable way rather than telling the truth. b. Those that chose to respond to a survey may not be representative of the entire population. c. The way in which questions are worded can result in bias responding. d. The opinion of a large sample on a specific topic can be captured.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

35. Correlational studies are used for all of the following reasons except to a. examine relationships between variables. b. test predictions and evaluate theories. c. manipulate one variable and observe the effect on another variable. d. suggest new hypotheses about why people act as they do.

ANS: C OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

36. A psychologist is looking for a link between aggressive behaviour and television violence. She measures the frequency of fighting and the television-viewing habits of a number of 12-year-old children. The psychologist concludes that children who watch more violent programming also get into fights more often. This is an example of a. a case study. b. a survey. c. correlational research. d. experimental research.

ANS: C OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

37. Ruby, a community psychologist, is working with a community AIDS organisation on a project to help reduce HIV transmission. She decides to gather as much information from as many people as possible about their sexual behaviour patterns. Which of the following research methods would be the best choice for her to use? a. Naturalistic observation b. Case study c. Survey d. Experiment

ANS: C OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Application

38. In an experiment, the ‘experimental’ group is the one that a. receives the treatment. b. receives the placebo. c. agrees to take part in the intervention. d. establishes the baseline.

ANS: A OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

39. A researcher was interested in determining whether test performance of students could be improved by providing them with individual tutoring. The researcher randomly divided 50 first-year university students into two groups. In Group A, the instructor lectured to them for three hours per week. Group B received an equal amount of lecturing, but their instructor also met with each student for 30 minutes every week. Each group took the same final exam. The test performance of students in Group B was about the same as that of students in Group A. This study is an example of a(n) a. correlational study. b. case study. c. experiment. d. survey.

ANS: C OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension

40. Giorgi wants to manipulate certain aspects of his study to understand the effect of those changes. Such manipulation is a foundational part of a. naturalistic observation. b. surveys. c. case studies. d. experiments.

ANS: D OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Knowledge

41. An experimenter who conducts a study under highly controlled conditions often reduces the a. scientific value of the results. b. extent to which conclusions drawn from the results can be applied to populations or situations outside of the experimental conditions. c. likelihood that the research hypothesis will be confirmed by the results. d. strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

ANS: B OBJ: 2.2 REF: Chapter 2: 2.2 Research Methods in Psychology KEY: Comprehension



42. Franz is conducting an experiment to study the effects of wearing heavy clothing on weightl...