Chapter 12 Urinary Male reproductive system PDF

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Urology and Male Reproductive systems Urology deals with both the urinary tract and male reproductive systems. Nephron- basic working unit of the kidney (2 million+) Kineys monitor water, pH, minerals and sugar Didymis root means twins Testicular torsion is when the testicles are twisted in place Glomeruius passes blood through the kidneys into a cluster of small blood vessels A mans urethra is bigger and longer than a womans A prostate gland may be- cancerous, infected or enlarged Testicular carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in young men

12.1 Word parts of the urinary system

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

root:

glomerul/o

examples:

glomerulopathy, glomerulonephritis

notes:

Glomerulus comes from a Latin word meaning "little ball" and refers to the little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney. These serve as the primary place for filtering the blood to form urine.

kidney

roots:

nephr/o, ren/o

examples:

nephrology, nephritis, renal failure

renal pelvis

root:

pyel/o

examples:

pyelonephritis, pyelitis

urine

roots:

ur/o, urin/o

examples:

urology, hematuria

stone

root:

lith/o

examples:

lithiasis, lithotripsy

notes:

Kidney stones aren’t “stones”; instead, they are accumulations of mineral salts and calcium. To make sure people don’t mistakenly think they are little rocks, health care professionals sometimes translate litho as calculus, a Latin word meaning—you guessed it —"little rocks."

©Biophoto Associates/Science Source Page 716

bladder

roots:

cyst/o, vesic/o

examples:

cystotomy, cystitis, vesiculotomy, vesiculitis

urethra

root:

urethr/o

examples:

urethrostenosis, urethritis

notes:

The length of the urethra differs depending on sex. The average male urethra is about 8 inches long, and the average female urethra is 1.5 to 2 inches long. This difference is sometimes mentioned as the reason why kidney stones are more painful for men than women; in fact, some say that the pain of kidney stones is the closest men can come to the pain of giving birth. Others argue that men are just big babies. You be the judge.

ureter

root:

ureter/o

examples:

ureterocele, ureterectomy

Ureters are the thick-walled tubes about 10 inches in length that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Don’t confuse ureters with the urethra, a tube that runs from the bladder to the outside world. You have two ureters, but only one urethra. notes:

Long vessels from each kidney that drain waste and dump into the bladder

opening

root:

meat/o

examples:

meatoscope, meatal stenosis

notes:

Meatus comes from a word meaning "to go through"; it means "opening." The English word permeate comes from the same term. There are meatuses in several places in the body: nasal meatuses, aural meatuses, and a urethral meatus.

12.2 Word Parts of the male reproductive system

Male reproductive system is made up of the testicles, the epididymis, the seminiferous tubules, the prostate gland, and the penis. Testicles- make sperm, produce testoterone, Sperm is stored inthe epididymis and during sex sperm travels out of that and into ducts called the vas deferens. They then mix with carrier fluid, semen, to the egg. Semen is made in the seminal vesicles. Penis- directs urine and sperm outside the body and scrotum is the external sac that holds the testicles in place outside of the body. penis

root:

balan/o

examples:

balanorrhea, balanitis

epididymis

root:

epididym/o

examples:

epididymotomy, epididymectomy

testicle

roots:

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

examples:

orchitis, orchiopexy, anorchidism, testitis

prostate

root:

prostat/o

examples:

prostatitis, prostatomegaly

Seminiferous tubules

sperm

roots:

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

examples:

aspermia, spermicide, spermatocele

12.3 Subjective Females: Pain with urination- dysuria Severe kidney pain that comes in waves- renal colic (good indicator of kidney stones) Inability to hold urine- incontinence, enuresis Utinate too frequently- polyuria or not enough- oliguria or lack of- anuria (blockage or kidney failure) Males: Painful or prolonged erections- priapism Not last long enough for sexual intercourse- impotence Penile discharge- balanorrhea, urethrorrhea (indicates STI)

urinary tract

Term

Word Analysis

anuria

an / ur

an-YUR-ee-ah

no / urine / condition

/ ia

Definition lack of urination

cystalgia

cyst

/ algia

sis-TAL-jah

bladder / pain

Definition pain in the bladder

cystodynia

cysto / dynia

SIS-toh-DAI-nee-ah

bladder / pain

Definition pain in the bladder

cystoplegia

cysto / plegia

SIS-toh-PLEE-jah

bladder / paralysis

Definition bladder paralysis

dysuria

dys / ur

/ ia

dis-YUR-ee-ah

bad / urine / condition

Definition painful urination

enuresis

from Greek, for "to urinate"

EN-yur-EE-sis Definition involutary urination

hematuria

hemat / ur

/ ia

HEE-mah-TUR-ee-ah

blood / urine / condition

Definition bloody urination

incontinence

in / con

in-CON-tih-nentz

not / together / hold

Definition inability to control urination

nephralgia neh-FRAL-jah

nephr / algia

/ tinence

Definition pain in the kidney

kidney / pain

nocturia

noct / ur

nok-TUR-ee-ah

night / urine / condition

/ ia

Definition nighttime urination

nocturnal enuresis

nocturnal enuresis

nok-TIR-nal EN-yur-EE-sis

nighttime involuntary urination

Definition nighttime involuntary urination

oliguria

olig / ur

/ ia

aw-lih-GYIR-ee-ah

few / urine / condition

Definition low urine output

polydipsia

poly / dips / ia

PAW-lee-DIP-see-ah

many / thirst / condition

Definition excessive thirst

polyuria

poly / ur

/ ia

PAW-lee-YUR-ee-ah

many / urine / condition

Definition excessive urination

pyuria

py / ur

/ ia

pai-YUR-ee-ah

pus / urine / condition

Definition pus in the urine

ureteralgia

ureter / algia

yur-EE-ter-AL-jah

ureter

/ pain

Definition pain in the ureter

urethrodynia

urethro / dynia

yoo-REE-throh-DAI-nee-ah

urethra

/ pain

Definition pain in the urethra

urethrorrhea

urethro / rrhea

yoo-REE-throh-REE-ah

urethra

/ discharge

Definition discharge from the urethra

urocyanosis

uro

YUR-oh-SAI-ah-NOH-sis

urine / blue

Definition blue urine

/ cyan / osis / condition

urodynia

uro

/ dynia

YUR-oh-DAI-nee-ah

urine / pain

Definition painful urination

male genitalia

Term

Word Analysis

balanorrhea

balano / rrhea

BAL-ah-noh-REE-ah

penis / discharge

Definition discharge from the penis

orchialgia

orchi / algia

OR-kee-AL-jah

testicle / pain

Definition testicle pain

orchidoptosis

orchido / ptosis

OR-kih-dop-TOH-sis

testicle

/ drooping condition

Definition downward displacement of a testicle

orchiodynia

orchio / dynia

OR-kee-oh-DIH-nee-ah

testicle / pain

Definition testicle pain

priapism PREE-ap-izm

from ancient Greek, minor fertility god named Priapus, who is always shown with a large and permanently erect penis

Definition persistent and painful erection 12.4 Observation and Discovery

Kidney failure- cause confusion and delirium, and swelling in feet Foreskin does not peel back normally/is stuck- phimosis BUN is too high the condition is called azotemia

urinary tract

Term

Word Analysis

albuminuria

albumin / ur

al-byoo-mih-NUR-ee-ah

protein

/ urine / condition

Definition protein in the urine

azotemia

azot

/ ia

/ emia

AZ-oh-TEE-mee-ah

nitrogen / blood condition

Definition excess nitrogen in the blood Note: The azot root comes from the two roots a (not) and zo (living). It was applied to nitrogen because things cannot live in it.

azotorrhea

azoto / rrhea

AZ-oh-toh-REE-ah

nitrogen / discharge

Definition excessive discharge of nitrogen

azoturia

azot

/ ur

/ ia

AZ-oh-TUR-ee-ah

nitrogen / urine / condition

Definition excess nitrogen in the urine

cystorrhexis

cysto / rrhexis

SIS-toh-REK-sis

bladder / rupture

Definition rupture of the bladder

dipsogenic

dipso / genic

DIP-soh-JIN-ik

thirst

/ creating

Definition creating thirst

glucosuria

glucos / ur

/ ia

GLOO-koh-shur-EE-ah

sugar / urine / condition

Definition sugar in the urine

glycosuria

glycos / ur

GLAI-koh-shur-EE-ah

sugar

/ ia

/ urine / condition

Definition sugar in the urine

hyperkalemia

hyper / kal

HAI-per-kah-LEE-mee-ah

over

/ emia

/ potassium / blood condition

Definition excessive potassium in the blood

hyponatremia

hypo / natr

/ emia

HAI-poh-nah-TREE-mee-ah

under / sodium / blood condition

Definition low sodium in the blood

ketolysis

keto

/ lysis

kee-TAW-lih-sis

ketones / loose

Definition breakdown of ketones

ketonuria

keton / ur

/ ia

kee-toh-NUR-ee-ah

ketones / urine / condition

Definition presence of ketones in the urine

meatal stenosis

meat / al

sten

/ osis

mee-AY-tal steh-NOH-sis

opening / pertaining to narrow / condition

Definition narrowing of the opening of the urethra

nephroptosis

nephro / ptosis

nef-rop-TOH-sis

kidney

/ drooping condition

Definition downward displacement of a kidney

nephrosis

nephr / osis

neh-FROH-sis

kidney / condition

Definition kidney condition

uremia

ur

/ emia

ur-EE-mee-ah

urine / blood condition

Definition urine in the blood

ureterocele

uretero / cele

yoo-REE-ter-oh-SEEL

ureter

/ hernia

Definition hernia of a ureter

ureterolithiasis

uretero / lith

yoo-REE-ter-oh-lih-THAI-ah-sis

ureter

/ iasis / stone / presence

Definition presence of stones in a ureter

ureterostenosis

uretero / sten

yoo-REE-ter-oh-steh-NOH-sis

ureter

/ osis

/ narrow / condition

Definition narrowing of a ureter

urethrospasm

urethro / spasm

yoo-REE-throh-SPAZ-um

urethra contraction

/ involuntary

Definition involuntary contraction of the urethra

urethrostenosis

urethro / sten

yoo-REE-throh-steh-NOH-sis

urethra

/ osis

/ narrowing / condition

Definition narrowing of the urethra (stenosis is the suffix)

urinary diagnostic procedures

Term

Word Analysis

cystoscopy

cysto / scopy

sis-TAW-skoh-pee

bladder / looking procedure

Definition process for examining the bladder

meatoscope

meato / scope

mee-AT-oh-SKOHP

opening / instrument to look

Definition instrument for examining the opening of the urethra

meatoscopy

meato / scopy

MEE-ah-TAW-skoh-pee

opening / looking procedure

Definition process for examining the opening of the urethra

nephroscopy

nephro / scopy

ne-FRAW-skoh-pee

kidney

/ looking procedure

Definition procedure for examining a kidney

resectoscope

Page 735re

/ secto / scope

rih-SEK-toh-SKOHP

back / cut

/ instrument to look

Definition instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)

ureteroscopy

uretero / scopy

yoo-REE-ter-AW-skoh-pee

ureter

/ looking procedure

Definition process of examining a ureter

urethroscope

urethro / scope

yoo-REE-throh-SKOHP

urethra

/ instrument to look

Definition instrument for examining the urethra

urethroscopy

urethro / scopy

yoo-ree-THRAW-skoh-pee

urethra

/ looking procedure

Definition process of examining the urethra

urinalysis (UA) YUR-ih-NAL-ih-sis

urinalysis is actually a shortened form of urine analysis

Definition analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements

professional terms

Term

Word Analysis

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

blood urea nitrogen

BLUD yoo-REE-ah NAI-troh-jun Definition nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy

diuresis

di

/ uresis

DAI-yur-EE-sis

through / urination

Definition excessive urination

nephrologist

nephro / logist

neh-FRAW-loh-jist

kidney

/ specialist

Definition specialist in the kidneys

nephrology

nephro / logy

neh-FRAW-loh-jee

kidney

/ study

Definition study of the kidneys

urologist

uro

/ logist

yur-AW-loh-jist

urine / specialist

Definition specialist in the urinary tract

©McGraw-Hill Education/Rick Brady, photographer

urology

uro

yur-AW-loh-jee

urine / study

/ logy

Definition study of the urinary tract

uropoiesis

uro

/ poiesis

YUR-oh-poh-EE-sis

urine / formation

Definition formation of urine

uroxanthin YUR-oh-ZAN-thin

uro

/ xanthin

Definition substance in urine that makes it yellow

urine / yellow

voiding

from a term meaning "empty"

VOI-ding Definition another term for urination

male genitalia

Term

Word Analysis

anorchidism

an / orchid / ism

an-OR-kih-DIZ-um

no

/ testicle / condition

Definition lack of a testicle

aspermia

a / sperm / ia

ay-SPER-mee-ah

no

/ sperm

/ condition

Definition condition characterized by lack of sperm

azoospermia

a / zoo / sperm / ia

ay-ZOH-aw-SPER-mee-ah

no

/ living / sperm

/ condition

Definition condition characterized by lack of living sperm

cryptorchidism

crypt

/ orchid / ism

krip-TOR-kih-DIZ-um

hidden / testicle / condition

Definition hidden testicle

hydrocele

hydro / cele

HAI-droh-SEEL

water

/ hernia

Definition fluid-filled mass in a testicle

hypospadias

from Greek, for "to tear underneath"

HAI-poh-SPAY-dee-as Definition birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis

oligospermia

oligo / sperm / ia

AW-lih-goh-SPER-mee-ah

low

/ sperm

/ condition

Definition condition characterized by low sperm production

phimosis

from Greek, for"muzzle"

fih-MOH-sis Definition contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted

prostatolith

prostato / lith

pros-TAT-oh-lith

prostate

/ stone

Definition stone in the prostate

prostatomegaly

prostato / megaly

PROS-ta-toh-MEH-gah-lee

prostate

/ enlargement

Definition abnormal enlargement of the prostate

prostatorrhea

prostato / rrhea

PROS-ta-toh-REE-ah

prostate

/ discharge

Definition discharge from the prostate

seminoma

semin / oma

SEM-ih-NOH-mah

sperm

/ tumor

Definition type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue

spermatocele

spermato / cele

sper-MAH-toh-SEEL

sperm

/ hernia

Definition hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells

spermatolysis

spermato / lysis...