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Chapter 12 Paragraph response questions Please prepare to answer three of the following, each with a complete, evidentiary paragraph of at LEAST six sentences. Please use evidence from the textbook, powerpoints, and Crash Course videos (John Green). Three of the following will be on the test. • This chapter shows how the Europeans expand way behind the lands of the continent of Europe. What drives the Portuguese and Spanish to explore and then to expand? How, and what aids both in being successful as they were? God, gold, and glory three motives that drives the Portuguese and Spanish to explore and expand. First, Portuguese sailors successfully navigated an eastward route to West Africa, where they established a trading foothold. Upon discovering the immense global market for sugar, the Portuguese began to trade enslaved people across the Atlantic to toil on the sugar plantations. the Portuguese did not rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes. The Spanish, threatened by the Portuguese monopoly, colonzation, and wasnts to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal they searched for optimal trade routes to lucrative Asian markets and hoped to gain global recognition for their country so they started their own colonization project with Christopher Columbus in 1492. • What is evidence to show the importance of silver as a product to trade with China? China was the ultimate destination in which silver would flow towards. In exchange, the Chinese traded their popular goods such as silk and porcelain. China had a high demand for silver due to its shift from paper money to coins in the early period of the Ming Dynasty. China did not produce sufficient silver for its growing needs which foreigners expolited and caused inflation. 1/3 of silver mined in americans wound up in china this infulx fueld chinas econmic expansion. China had no interest in anything that the Europeans tried to trade with them. They would only accept gold and silver. • Why is the Columbian Exchange such an important event (though it transpired over decades and centuries) in world history? The travel between the Old and the New World was a huge environmental turning point, called the Columbian

Exchange. It was important because it resulted in the mixing of people, deadly diseases that devastated the Native American population, crops, animals, goods, and trade flows. The result of that exchange amounted to an environmental revolution in human history. For exmaple potato was not from europe it was imported from the americas Potato are nutritious and easy to grow because it can grow in any condtion. After the europenas got it the population dramatically increased because paatos was keeping them alive from starvation...