Chapter 13- Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence PDF

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HDFS 3700; Spring 2016; Practice test...

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Chapter 13 - Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence Multiple Choice

1.

Which scenariio best represents adolescent alcohol use in today’s society? A) Dahlia started using alcohol at age 17 and by age 19 had stopped drinking completely. B) Brian first tried alcohol as an early adolescent and now, at 17, uses it only occasionally. C) Julia, a high school senior, has never tried alcohol. D) Michael, a 13-year-old, drinks alcohol almost every day with his friends. Answer: B

2.

Since 1991, a survey assessing 8th graders’, 10th graders’, and high school seniors’ use and abuse of a variety of drugs has been distributed to a nationwide sample every year. The name of this survey is: A) Examining the Future. B) Monitoring Tomorrow. C) Monitoring the Future. D) Focus on the Future. Answer: C

3.

Denise has just been caught vandalizing for the fourth time this year. What is probably true of her early home and school life? A) Her problems have emerged only during adolescence. B) Her early home and school life were average. C) She probably had problems at home and school at an early age. D) Home and school life have not been shown to be connected to delinquency. Answer: C

4.

Which of the following adolescent problems is likely to be resolved by adulthood? A) substance abuse B) delinquency C) unemployment D) All of the above Answer: D

5.

Peter’s parents are worried that their son is drinking too much. They think his alcohol use might turn into a long-term problem. Which theory best illustrates the nature of adolescent

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drug use? A) Many problems experienced by adolescents are relatively transitory in nature. B) Adolescent alcohol use is the first sign of long-term problems with drugs. C) Adolescent alcohol use is a clear indication of permissive parenting techniques. D) None of the above are true. Answer: A

6.

Carol has just learned that her son, Mike, has been caught shoplifting for the fifth time. Carol told the police that Mike is just reacting to the stress of going through puberty. How accurate is Carol’s idea? A) Carol is probably correct; adolescence is a very confusing time. B) Adolescent stress can only be part of the problem. There must be some problems at home as well. C) Carol is incorrect. Problem behavior is virtually never a direct consequence of going through the normative adolescent changes. D) Mike’s problem behavior is difficult to trace to just one cause. Answer: C

7.

Which of the following is the best explanation of problem behavior during adolescence? A) Problem behavior is the result of the hormonal changes that accompany puberty. B) Problem behavior is a manifestation of an inherent need to rebel against authority that is common during adolescence. C) Problem behavior results from having an identity crisis. D) Problem behavior is likely to be a sign that something is wrong. Answer: D

8.

Dara suffers from depression. What type of disorder does depression reflect? A) an externalizing disorder B) a psychosomatic disorder C) an internalizing disorder D) a personality disorder Answer: C

9.

Theodore has been referred to as an “acting-out” adolescent. He engages in delinquent behavior. Theodore is most likely exhibiting: A) externalizing symptomatology. B) psychosomatic symptomatology. C) internalizing symptomatology. D) psychopathological symptomatology. Answer: A

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10.

_______________ is an example of an internalizing disorder; _______________ is an example of an externalizing disorder. A) Depression; psychosomatic disturbance B) Anxiety; delinquency C) Drug and alcohol abuse; delinquency D) Truancy; psychosomatic disturbance Answer: B

11.

Alice has a substance abuse problem. Which of the following problems is she also likely to have? A) internalizing disorder B) externalizing disorder C) Both of the above D) None of the above Answer: C

12.

Christi suffers from depression. She also gets in fights at school to express her anger and sadness. Christi’s problems fall into which category? A) internalizing disorder B) externalizing disorder C) comorbidity D) substance abuse Answer: C

13.

Which of the following statement about comorbidity is not true? A) co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems are more prevalent among females than among males B) some experts question whether it makes sense to draw distinctions between anxiety and depression because rates of comorbidity are so high C) there is hardly any comorbidity among different psychosocial problems during adolescence within or across the broad categories (i.e., internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance abuse) D) substance abuse problems are likely to be comorbid with both externalizing and internalizing problems Answer: C

14.

When two problems occur together, such as substance abuse and depression, it is referred to as:

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A) B) C) D)

comorbidity. coexisting. coterminous disorder. parallel diagnoses.

Answer: A

15.

Researchers have found all of the following with regard to problem behavior in adolescence, except: A) adolescents often exhibit one specific problem, such as depression, without exhibiting any others. B) adolescents may exhibit more than one problem within the same general category, such as depression and anxiety. C) adolescents may exhibit both internalizing and externalizing problems, such as depression and delinquency. D) adolescents with severe behavior problems are likely to have followed similar pathways to deviance, most typically with similar family problems. Answer: D

16.

Greg suffers from depression. His friend Matthew also suffers from depression as well as conduct disorder. Which boy probably had worse family experiences? A) Chris B) Matthew C) both Chris and Matthew D) neither boy, these problems cannot be attributed to the family Answer: B

17.

Which behavior would not be seen as a manifestation of lack of impulse control? A) truancy B) depression C) defiance D) academic difficulties Answer: B

18.

The term “______ syndrome” refers to covariation among various types of externalizing disorders that results from an underlying trait of unconventionality found in the adolescent’s personality and social environment. A) problem behavior B) biological risk C) social control D) gateway

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Answer: A

19.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors? A) Marco, who is tolerant of deviance B) Karen, who is not highly connected to school or to a religious institution C) Patrick, who is very liberal in his social views D) All of the above Answer: D

20.

Denise Kandel is most likely to argue that: A) a predisposition toward deviance may be inherited. B) biologically based differences account for differences in arousal and sensation-seeking. C) defiance develops in deviance-prone children who are reared in hostile environments. D) involvement in a given problem behavior may lead to involvement in other problem behaviors. Answer: D

21.

According to social control theory, delinquency is caused by: A) unconventionality in the adolescent’s personality. B) an inherited predisposition toward deviance. C) biologically based differences in arousal and sensation-seeking. D) a lack of bonds to the family, the school, or the workplace. Answer: D

22.

What would a social control theorist say about an adolescent who engages in risk-taking behavior? A) They have a biological predisposition toward risky behavior. B) They are inherently unconventional. C) They have a weak attachment to society. D) They have authoritarian parents. Answer: C

23.

Research on problem behaviors suggests that: A) most delinquents are serious drug users. B) risky behaviors cluster together in different ways for different adolescents. C) the problem behaviors that adults disapprove of are considered by adolescents to be normative, not problematic. D) risky behaviors are more likely to be noticed as clustering together in studies of children than in studies of adolescents.

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Answer: B

24.

The common factor with respect to comorbidity in internalizing disorders is: A) the subjective state of distress. B) acting-out behaviors. C) depression. D) withdrawal. Answer: A

25.

Externalizing problems are hypothesized to reflect an antisocial syndrome just as internalizing problems are hypothesized to reflect the common underlying factor of: A) negative affectivity. B) social control. C) risk-taking behaviors. D) comorbidity. Answer: A

26.

Which of the following is considered an “internalizing disorder”? A) drug abuse B) anxiety C) truancy D) delinquency Answer: B

27.

Research shows that the enormous sums of money spent by tobacco companies on marketing cigarettes to teenagers are: A) pretty much a waste because the marketing strategies have little effect on adolescents. B) unnecessary because adolescents would smoke even without the extensive advertising. C) effective in persuading adolescents that smoking is a pleasurable activity. D) important in getting adolescents to stop smoking because these companies now are required to sponsor antismoking ads. Answer: C

28.

Which of the following is not one of the popular stereotypes of contemporary adolescents? A) They use and abuse drugs more than their counterparts did in previous generations. B) The main reason adolescents use drugs is peer pressure. C) The “epidemic” of substance use by American adolescents underlies many of the other problems associated with adolescents. D) Although not supported by research, all of the above are popular stereotypes of contemporary adolescents. TB-13 | 6

Answer: D

29.

Which drugs are the most commonly used and abused among adolescents? A) alcohol and nicotine B) marijuana and alcohol C) nicotine and marijuana D) alcohol and cocaine Answer: A

30.

Alcohol and nicotine are the most common drugs used by adolescents in which category? A) prevalence B) recency of use C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B Answer: C

31.

Jim and his mom are in an argument because his mom found out that Jim has smoked marijuana. Jim’s defense is, “Half the senior class is doing it!” How accurate is Jim’s statement? A) It is very inaccurate—only 10% of high school seniors have tried marijuana. B) It is inaccurate—half of Americans have tried marijuana, not half of high school seniors. C) It is almost accurate—about 43% of all high school seniors have tried marijuana. D) Statistics about marijuana use are too inconsistent to know. Answer: C

32.

Which list correctly ranks substances used by adolescents from most to least popular? A) alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalants B) cigarettes, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana C) alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes, cocaine D) cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, inhalants Answer: A

33.

According to recent surveys, which drug is used most on a daily basis by high school students? A) marijuana B) alcohol C) tobacco D) cocaine

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Answer: C

34.

Eduardo engages in binge drinking. This means that he: A) drinks alcohol every day. B) drinks alcohol every weekend. C) has had more than five alcoholic drinks at least once during the past 2 weeks. D) has had enough alcohol within the past year to cause him to black out. Answer: C

35.

Studies of adolescent drug use suggest that: A) a large majority of adolescents have serious drug dependence problems. B) a large majority of adolescents use hard drugs. C) drug and alcohol use are the underlying cause of many adolescents’ problems. D) the drug of choice among adolescents is alcohol. Answer: D

36.

Which of the following has not been supported by research addressing drug use by adolescents? A) Most adolescents have experimented with alcohol and marijuana. B) Many adolescents use alcohol or marijuana regularly. C) Marijuana is the drug most used by adolescents. D) Most adolescents have not experimented with hard drugs. Answer: C

37.

Which of the following is considered to be the “drug of choice” by American adolescents? A) cocaine B) marijuana C) alcohol D) LSD Answer: C

38.

Which of the following statements about adolescent cigarette use is true? A) The 70% increase in the price of cigarettes between 1997 and 2001 has led to a sharp decrease in the percentage of smoking adolescents. B) Antismoking campaigns have contributed to the steady decline of cigarette use among adolescents. C) The most effective way to reduce adolescent smoking has been to enforce laws that restrict sales of cigarettes to minors. D) Despite changes in tobacco industry policies, the percentage of smoking adolescents has remained stable over 2 decades. TB-13 | 8

Answer: A

39.

Researchers believe that changes in rates of adolescent drug use: A) are in opposition to messages they receive from parents and teachers. B) are in opposition to messages they receive from the media. C) may relate to their perceptions of how harmful the drug is. D) show a consistent gap in drug use between males and females. Answer: C

40.

Which statement is most likely true about American adolescents today? A) Adolescents are experimenting with drugs at later ages. B) Marijuana is the only substance used by a substantial number of high school seniors daily. C) Adolescents are experimenting with drugs at earlier ages. D) A large proportion of adolescents use hard drugs. Answer: C

41.

Corrina is concerned because she learned that her 13-year-old son Henry has started smoking and that her 14-year-old son Hector has started drinking. Which boy is most likely to continue his habit into adulthood? A) Hector B) Henry C) Both boys will be addicted and continue drug use into adulthood. D) Neither boy; these are both cases of adolescent experimentation. Answer: B

42.

The neurotransmitter associated with the experience of pleasure that is implicated in substance abuse problems is known as: A) serotonin B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) norepinephrine Answer: B

43.

Studies that have focused on the different developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and drug use have identified all except which of the following groups? A) low escalators B) late starters C) nonusers

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D) slow escalators Answer: D

44.

Alejandra, a Hispanic adolescent, is best friends with Mina, a foreign-born adolescent. Which statement is most likely true about their drug use? A) Alejandra will use fewer drugs than Mina. B) Alejandra and Mina will use the same amount of drugs. C) Alejandra and Mina will use more drugs than their friend Susan, a European-American adolescent. D) Mina will use fewer drugs than Alejandra. Answer: D

45.

Which of the following adolescents is least likely to use drugs? A) Mike, a White adolescent B) Li, an exchange student from China C) Emily, an Asian-American adolescent D) Hector, a Black adolescent Answer: B

46.

Studies comparing the consequences of drug exposure during adolescence and adulthood have found all of the following except? A) the increased vulnerability of the adolescent brain to the addicting effects of alcohol is compounded by the fact that adolescents don’t feel the negative consequences of drinking as profoundly as adults do B) studies comparing juvenile rodents with adult rodents find that juveniles can drink more than adults before they become tired or have their reflexes slow C) the consequences of drinking too much (otherwise known as a hangover) are less intense among juveniles than adults D) juveniles don’t feel the positive effects of alcohol as profoundly as adults do Answer: D

47.

Alcohol and marijuana are considered ______ drugs because they are almost always used before harder drugs. A) gateway B) passage C) ritual D) experimental Answer: A

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48.

Tina smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, and used drugs moderately in early adolescence, then quickly increased her use between early and middle adolescence, and continued to increase her use throughout high school. Tina is a: A) low escalator. B) early starter. C) high escalator. D) delinquent. Answer: C

49.

Psychologists make a distinction between the term ________, which indicates a physical addiction to a substance, and ________, which indicates that the use of a particular substance causes problems in an individual’s life. A) substance use; substance abuse B) substance dependence; substance use C) substance dependence; substance abuse D) substance abuse; substance dependence Answer: C

50.

Of the following adolescents, who will be the most well-adjusted? A) Mavis, who is a frequent drug user B) Jennifer, who abstains from drugs because of an irrational fear C) Vicki, who uses drugs occasionally D) None of the above Answer: C

51.

At age 17, Cherise is a frequent drug user. It is most probable that: A) her problem behavior began by age 7. B) her problem behavior began by age 13. C) her problem behavior began by age 15. D) it is her peer group, not her early family relations, that has directed her into using drugs. Answer: A

52.

Which is not considered a risk factor for substance abuse in adolescence? A) psychological factors B) familial factors C) contextual factors D) educational factors Answer: D

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53.

Which adolescent does not have a personality trait associated with developing drug and alcohol problems? A) Aaron, who is a slow learner B) Thomas, who angers quickly C) Dennis, who is impulsive D) Steve, who is inattentive Answer: A

54.

Which statement about the familial influences on an adolescent’s drug and alcohol use is false? A) Distant, hostile, and conflicted family relations are risk factors for developing substance abuse problems. B) An indulgent, permissive parenting style is a protective factor against developing substance abuse problems. C) An uninvolved, neglecting-rejecting parenting style is a risk factor for developing substance abuse problems. D) There are both genetic and family-environmental influences on development of adolescent substance abuse problems. Answer: B

55.

Matthew and his friends smoke cigarettes and marijuana, and they often drink beer after school. Where are they most likely to engage in these activities? A) in the boys’ bathroom at school B) at a friend’s house C) at the local park D) at a teen club Answer: B

56.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing substance abuse problems? A) having excessively permissive parents B) having easy access to drugs C) having friends who use and tolerate the use of drugs D) being involved in a sexual relationship Answer: D

57.

Glen and Laura ask a counselor what they can do to help protect their teenage son, Jason, from abusing drugs. What might the counselor suggest? A) Enroll Jason in a private school B) Get Jason involved at the church TB-13 | 12

C) Punish any deviance very heavily D) Make sure Jason gets an after-school job Answer: B

58.

Which of the following is not a diagnostic crit...