Chapter 16 learning objective PDF

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9/26/2019

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HIST 1302 Learning Objectives for Give Me Liberty, Chapter 16 ("America's Gilded Age") "The Second Industrial Revolution" 1. Contrast the way of life that predominated in "Lincoln's America" (mid-1800s) with that of the industrial society that is the focus of this chapter. 2. Compare the United States' level of industrial output at the dawn of the twentieth century to those of Great Britain, France, and Germany. 3. Identify the geographical "heartland of the second industrial revolution," as well as the key major cities in that new industrial region. 4. Describe the various impacts that the dramatic expansion of the national railroad network had on the national economy. 5. Explain how and why "pools," "trusts," mergers, and vertical integration concentrated economic power in the hands of businessmen like Andrew Carnegie (steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil). 6. Assess the conditions of industrial workers of the late-19th century, as well as the degree of freedom they had to preserve their job security and control their working conditions. 7. Explain how Andrew Carnegie's personal background influenced his political and social values, and how he expressed those values with philanthropy. 8. Characterize the public reaction to the new power of America's industrial leaders and the richest 1%, contrasting the image of "captains of industry" with that of "robber barons."

"The Transformation of the West" 1. Explain how the displacement of indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands was a global phenomenon, rather than one confined to the U.S., and provide examples of other nations in which it took place. 2. Characterize the ethnic diversity of the "Middle Border" states of Minnesota, the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kansas, and explain how it challenges popular notions of cities as the main areas of such diversity in the U.S. 3. Describe how conditions of farming families changed fundamentally as they gained access to national and international markets for their goods, as well as how these new conditions made their lives more precarious financially and placed additional burdens upon women. 4. Describe how the ranching, lumber, and mining industries became corporate activities with wage-earning employees by the late-19th century, in contrast to small-scale producers and entrepreneurs of the pre-Civil War period. 5. Explain how the tactics used by the U.S. military to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War were applied to the destruction of Native American communities in the late-19th century. 6. Explain how the boarding school system and the Dawes Act transformed U.S. Indian policy, and evaluate their consequences for Native Americans. 7. Recount the events leading to the tragedy at Wounded Knee in 1890, and evaluate how the incident was dealt with in the U.S. press and by the federal government.

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"Politics in a Gilded Age" 1. Explain why Americans worried about the growing power of corporations during the Gilded Age, particularly in terms of their political influence. 2. Describe the first attempts by the federal government to enact broad political and economic reform, in the Civil Service Act, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Sherman Antitrust Act. 3. Explain why American farmers grew increasingly resentful of railroad companies during the Gilded Age, and describe how their Grange movement represents a creative response to these feelings.

"Freedom in the Gilded Age" 1. Explain why Americans during the Gilded Age were eager to read about and discuss industrialization's effect on American life, particularly the matter of how it had challenged traditional ideas of American freedom. 2. Define the concept of Social Darwinism, and summarize the arguments of its leading proponent, William Graham Sumner. 3. Explain what the American business and professional classes used "the laws of contract" to discourage government and unions should interfere with business activity, and explain how this reflects their "negative" conception of freedom. 4. Explain how the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment changed during the Gilded Age, so that it protected business activity more than the rights of citizens, as exemplified by the Supreme Court's decision in Lochner v. New York (1905).

"Labor and the Republic" 1. Recount the events leading up to and including the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, and describe how the federal government's response to it set a precedent for how national governmental power in the U.S. would henceforth be used. 2. Describe the membership policies of the Knights of Labor, as well as this union's view of industrial society and the power it gave employers over their employees. 3. Explain how bestselling writers like Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Laurence Gronlund rejected traditional American ideas about liberty in favor of one that emphasized economic freedom for ordinary Americans. 4. Recount the events that produced the Haymarket incident, and describe how employers were able to use the incident to their advantage in their struggle against the labor movements of the Gilded Age.

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