Chapter+1+Notes - Completed notes for chapter 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Completed notes for chapter 1...

Description

Chapter 1 Notes Information Systems Parts to an information system: 1. People -end users 2. Procedures -rules and guidelines to follow when using software and/or hardware 3. Software -programs that consists of step-by-step instructions 4. Hardware -the equipment that processes data to create information 5. Data -raw unprocessed facts 6. Internet-Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to other people and computers expanding the capability and usefulness of information systems.

People Most important part of any info system Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems Different features aid in becoming an efficient and effective end user

Procedures Computer users are required to follow in order to effectively use software, hardware, and data. Procedures are typically documented in manuals that are written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products and are provided either printed or in electronic form.

Software ____programs____________ Two major types of software:

– the instructions that tell computers how to process data

System Software Enables application software to interact with __computer hardware________ is “background” software that helps the computer to manage internal resources A collection of programs ____operating systems_____ – coordinate the computer’s resources, provide a user interface, and run applications; (ex: Windows 10, Mac OS are stand-alone operating systems) Tablets, Smartphones, and other mobile devices use embedded operating systems known as RTOS (real-time operating systems) Network use ___Network Operating Systems____________ (NOS) ________Utilities________ – perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. The most essential utility programs that every computer system should have is an _______Antivirus program_________ .

Application Software End-user software Three types – General purpose application software that is used in nearly all careers (ex: browser, word processor, spreadsheet, database management system, presentation graphics)

Specialized computer programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations (ex: graphics and web authoring programs.). Mobile apps or mobile applications, or simply apps, are small programs designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. The most popular mobile apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos

Hardware _________________________________ types of computers ___Supercomputers_____________ Most powerful type of computer Special high-capacity computers Fastest processing massive amounts of data Used by large organizations Ex: used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns ____Mainframe Computers____________ Capable of great processing speeds and large amounts of data storage Do not have as high of a capacity or as fast processing as supercomputers Used by large corporations ___Mid Range Computers___________ Also referred to as servers Less powerful than a mainframe computer but more powerful than a personal computer Support end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software. _____Personal Computers___________ Least powerful Most widely used Fastest growing segment _________________________________ types of personal computers include: ______Desktop Computers___ Too big to carry around Fits on top of a desk Laptops also known as notebook computers Portable and lightweight Fit in most briefcases Tablets or table computers Smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops Typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on screen and is touch sensitive _____Smartphones______ The most widely used handheld computer Cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities Wearables Mobile computer Like an Apple watch

Personal Computer Hardware ____system unit________ – houses components that make up a computer systems

Two important components are the ______microprocessor____________ and ______memory________ The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information Memory is a holding area for data, instructions and information One type is random-access memory (RAM) holds the program and data that is currently being processed; known also as temporary storage Input/Output devices translate data and programs that the computer can process Common input devices–keyboard and mouse Most common output device is the display or monitor Secondary storage even after electrical power is off. The most common secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks Hard disks-store programs and very large data files on rigid platters Solid-state-no moving parts, reliable, requires less power Communication – widely used device is the modem, routinely communicates with other computer systems

Data ____raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images and sounds Processed data becomes information Stored electronically in files Can be used as input for system unit Four types of files include: 1. _____document files_____ – created by word processors that include memos, term papers, and letters 2. _____worksheet files______ – created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets 3. ______database files_______ – created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data 4. _____presentation files_____ - created by presentation graphics programs that may contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides

Connectivity Connectivity is the capability of a personal computer to share information with other computers Central to the concepts of connectivity is the network _____Internet_______ is the largest computer network in the world The Web provides a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet Three things driving the impact of technology on peoples’ lives include cloud computing, wireless communication, and the Internet of Things (IoT) __Cloud computing uses the Internet and the Web to shift activities from the user’s computer to computers on the Internet Wireless communication has changed the way communication happens using computer technology ___Internet of Things ___ is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet...