Chapters 3 & 4 - Discussing the important aspects of being a attentive listeners and speaker. PDF

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Discussing the important aspects of being a attentive listeners and speaker. Also, the anxieties that come along with public speaking and easy solutions. ...

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Chapter 13: 1. Anxious about Public Speaking a. Definition: Increased fear or arousal b. Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) - “a situation-specific social anxiety that arises from the real anticipated enactment of an oral presentation.” c. Lack of Positive Experience i. Channeling nervousness can boost performance. Breathing from the diaphragm rather than the chest is a well-known ii. technique d. Being the Center of Attention i. Distractions to the speaker 1. Lack of eye contact, pointing, chatting during presentation 2. Pinpoint the Onset of Public Speaking Anxiety a. Pre-Preparation Anxiety - miss information, delayed planning b. Preparation Anxiety i. Produce procrastination, avoidance, stress ii. Immerse yourself in the speech’s preparation c. Pre-Performance Anxiety Anxiety Stop-time: allow your anxiety to present yourself for a few i. minutes until you declare time for confidence then proceed practicing d. Performance Anxiety i. Pronounced during the introduction of the speech ii. Trait anxiety 1. Low - experience it during unusual circumstances 2. High - nervousness much of the time 3. Use Proven Strategies to Build Your Confidence a. Prepare and Practice i. Prepare immediately and practice more than once ii. People who did, perform better than those who did not b. Modify Thoughts and Attitudes i. Negative thoughts = increase anxiety ii. Positive thoughts = lowered heart rate and anxiety iii. Think of it as a simple conversation c. Visualize Success i. Reduces anxiety ii. Mentally imagining it will increase confidence, strengthen positive attitudes and expectations about speechmaking d. Activate the Relaxation Response i. Fight or flight response - the body’s automatic response to threatening or fear-inducing events. ii. Resolve - breathe, meditation, lengthy job e. TIPS on page 49 f. Use Movement to Minimize Anxiety

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Natural Gestures - channel nervousness, pointing finger as example Move as you Speak - relieves tension, exercising beforehand Enjoy the Occasion - make it challenging and exciting Learn from Feedback - Evaluations helps to improve Chapter 4: Listeners and Speakers

1. Recognize the Centrality of Listening a. In work : listening = leadership potential i. Better problem solvers and engagers 2. Understanding the DIfference between Hearing and Listening a. Listening = complex behavior, conscious act of receiving, conducting meaning, responding vocally, Selective. b. Hearing = physiological, involuntary process of hearing sounds c. Speak in a steady pace d. Recognize that We Listen Selectively i. Selective Perception - selectively choosing what they want to hear ii. Three types 1. We pay attention to what we hold is important 2. Listen to things that we can connect emotionally 3. We filter out old information and search for new information e. Strive for the Open Exchange of Ideas i. Dialogic Communication - openly sharing of ideas in an atmosphere of respect ii. Approach the conversation not like an argument but as a opportunity to understand the audience iii. Listeners need to keep an open mind not causing impediment for the speaker f. Minimize External and Internal Distractions i. Listening DIstraction - competes for attention being given 1. External - poor lighting, jackhammers, etc a. Try to anticipate them, minimize it if possible 2. Internal - avoid daydreaming, monitor yourself for lapses, well rested g. Guard against Scriptwriting and Defensive Listening i. Defensive Listening - decide they know better or won’t like what they will say. Wait for the speaker to stop speaking h. Beware of Laziness and Overconfidence i. Ignore important information, display attitude i. Refrain from Multitasking i. Divert our attention causing us to misinformation j. Work to Overcome Cultural Barriers k. Cultural Barriers to Overcome i. Don’t focus on the accent, but rather on the message

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Ask questions = clarification 1. Appropriate ones iii. Empathetic listening 3. Become a More Active Listener a. Set Listening Goals i. Identify listening needs - key things such as thesis, etc ii. Why it will help - better grades iii. Make an action statement - minimize distractions and practice the active listening iv. Assess goal achievement - identify the components of the speech b. Listen for Main Ideas i. Listen to introductions, transitions, conclusions - alerts you of key points in the presentation ii. Take notes during the speech - like bullet points 4. Evaluate Evidence and Reasoning a. Critical Thinking - the ability to evaluate claims on the basis of well-supported reasons i. Search for flaws in the argument, don’t pay attention to no supporting evidence 1. Evaluate the evidence being presented - sources credible 2. Think about the assumptions and biases - behind the assertions 3. Asses the speaker’s reasoning - does it make sense 4. Consider other perspectives - another POV 5. Summarize and assess the relevant facts and evidence - apt to act on the evidence itself 5. Offer Constructive and Compassionate Feedback a. Be Honest and Fair in Your Evaluation i. Be honest with others and yourself In class notes: 1. Terms a. Speaker = messenger b. Speech = message c. Receiver = audience 2. TED Talk a. Four Ways to convey message i. Music, visual, speech, Body language (non-verbals) 3. Strongest Part of the Speech (Audience Centered Comm.) a. Receiver needs to like the speaker + message 4. Channel - method of communication a. Dictates how your message is conveyed 5. Distractions - Prevents the message to be conveyed a. Physical - pointing, environment

b. Psychological - daydreaming c. Physiological - senses failing, the temperature. d. Semantic - disconnection w/ words and meaning i. Joking around 6. Context a. Temporal - time of day, the current events, speaking skills i. Timeless - don’t use examples from current events, broad/general b. Socio-psychological context - the c. Cultural - constantly changing, different d. Gender - sexism Classwork : September 14, 2017 How to prepare a speech 1. Two Weeks Before a. Outline - thesis statement, develop main points b. Immediately start preparing c. Research how to appeal to them d. Begin practicing e. Check structure f. Visual or audio 2. Night Before a. Double check structure grammar, presentation b. Visual your audience 3. Morning of a. Technical difficulties b. Relax nerves by meditating, breathing techniques c. Practice one last time d. Anticipate distractions e. Activate Stop-Time : allow anxiety to present itself for a few minutes 4. Speech a. Gestures b. Pace of speech and volume c. Adjust tones d. Keep a positive mind e. Anticipate distractions f. Interact with the audience with any questions 5. After a. Feedback b. Interact with the audience with any questions...