Child AND Adolescent Development PlatoWhat type of mirror do you usually see in department stores? PDF

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Module 5 (Sigmund FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY)Activity Recall a recent incident in your life when you had to make a decision. Narrate the situation below. Indicate what the decision was about, the factors that were involved and how you arrived at your decision. I was in a situation where I had to ...

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Module 5 (Sigmund FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY) Activity 1. Recall a recent incident in your life when you had to make a decision. Narrate the situation below. Indicate what the decision was about, the factors that were involved and how you arrived at your decision. I was in a situation where I had to decide whether to spend my money in ordering stuffs online or just go off to the nearest ukay-ukay as a way of treating myself. At first, I reckon that it would be nice to actually purchase something online because it is far more convenient since I solely have to surf through facebook pages, instagram stores or online shopping apps in doing a sort of canvas. Following this, I could tell that generating several checkouts is less difficult, but I came to think of the probable amount that it’ll cost me including the installment apropos of the shipping fee. Now at this point, I became hesitant with my primary choice, and started to thoroughly weigh things out. In my head, I visionarily put myself in an instance where I surmise the possible outcome of both factors. To begin with generating online purchase, let’s say I have 500 pesos. Due to smooth media accessibility, I found some items which I like in just a fraction of seconds. These items for example are:   

Leopard long sleeve top- ₱150 Velvet bodycon dress- ₱230 XL retro shirt- ₱85

Thereof, I have a total expense ₱465 and ₱35 return. As one can observe, it does not include the shipment disbursement yet. Thus in order to be realistic, I would include the shipping fee for each items, let’s say ₱60 since I made use of shipping voucher & coins. If that amount was added to the primal charge of the items, it would definitely cost me an amount that’s beyond my estimated cash reserve but not in a form of emergency or aid purposes. Whereas if I went off on nearby thrifting store where all items has the similar price assuming it was around ₱90, and with an equal count as the aforementioned items, my total spending would be ₱270 and an exchange of 230, which I’m pretty certain that it won’t hurt my pocket a lot but rather catalyzed satisfaction. The good thing in here is that I don’t have to worry with the additional fees in terms of shipping and such since I’m a walk-in consumer. Hereinafter I have realized that I was initially wrong with my idea of conveniency. If I had to delve into further views, I could say buying items from ukay-ukay here in our locality is much of a better option.

Analysis What factors influenced you in making your decision? Which of the following did you consider most in making your decision: what will make you feel satisfied, what is most beneficial or practical, or what you believed was the most moral thing to do? Elaborate on your answer. The main category which vastly influenced my decision making with the aforementioned situation is practicality. I’m completely aware that we always want to get our money’s worth with our purchases, whether they are things like food, clothes and gadgets. Everybody is keen on saving money these days, but most of the time being practical and efficient also has its price. Being practical means choosing the more sensible option or simply living within your means. It’s a matter of weighing your options and making smart decisions, even if it means stepping out of your comfort zone. The ability to assess options and confidently backing your own decisions are one of the most difficult things about being an adult. So just ask yourself first these questions like what I did: Do you need this or want this? Will buying this serve its purpose in the long run? Do the pros outweigh the cons?. In this way, we can prevent or might lessen future regrets and purchase unsatisfactory.

FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS Freud described the personality structures as having three components, the id, the ego and the superego. While reading about the three components, use the graphic organizer below to put your notes and questions about them.

Id-is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that creates the

Ego-The ego adds the need of reality which mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.

Superego-The superego operates as a moral conscience of the action taken.

One’s Personality The id, ego, and superego work together to create human behavior.

The id. Freud says that, a child is born with the id. The id plays a vital role in one’s personality because as a baby, it works so that the baby’s essential needs are met. The id operates on the pleasure principle. It focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs. So whatever feels good now is what it will pursue with no consideration for the reality, logicality or practicality of the situation. For example, a baby is hungry. It’s id wants food or milk… so the baby will cry. When the child needs to be changed, the id cries. When the child is uncomfortable, in pain, too hot, too cold, or just wants attention, the id speaks up until his or her needs are met. Nothing else matters to the id except the satisfaction of its own needs. It is not oriented towards considering reality nor the needs of others. Just see how babies cry any time of day and night! Absolutely no regard of whether mommy is tired or daddy is sleeping. When the id wants something, it want it now and it wants it fast! The ego. As the baby turns into a toddler and then into a pre-schooler, he or she relates more with the environment, the ego slowly begins to emerge. The ego operates using the reality principle. It is aware that others also have needs to be met. It is practical because it knows that being impulsive or selfish can result to negative consequences later, so it reasons and considers the best response to situations. As such, it is the deciding agent of the personality. Although it functions to help the id meets its needs, it always takes into account the reality of the situation. The Superego. Near the end of the preschool years, or the end of the phallic stage, the superego develops. The superego embodies a person’s moral aspect. This develops from what the parents, teachers and other persons who exert influence impart to be

good or moral. The superego is likened to conscience because it exerts influence on what one considers right and wrong. THE THREE COMPONENTS AND PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT Freud said that a well-adjusted person is one who has strong ego, who can help satisfy the needs of the id without going against the superego while maintaining the person’s sense of what is logical, practical and real. Of course, it is not easy for the ego to do all that and strike a balance. If the id exerts too much power over the ego, the person becomes too impulsive and pleasure-seeking behaviour takes over one’s life. On the opposite direction, one may find the superego so strong that the ego is overpowered. The person become so harsh and judgmental to himself and other’s actions. The person’s best effort to be good may still fall short of the superego’s expectations. The ability of a learner to be well-adjusted is largely influenced by how the learner was brought up. His experiences about how his parents met his needs, the extent to which he was allowed to do the things he wanted to do, and also how he was taught about right and wrong, all figures to the type of personality and consequent adjustment that a person will make. Freud believed that the personality of an individual is formed early during the childhood years. TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL The Unconscious. Freud said that most what we go through in our lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings, and impulses deep within are not available to us at a conscious level. He believed that most of what influence us is our unconscious. The Oedipus and Electra Complex mentioned earlier were both buried down into the unconscious, out of our awareness due to the extreme anxiety they caused. While these complexes are in our unconscious, they still influence our thinking, feeling and doing in perhaps dramatic ways. The Conscious. Freud also said that all that we are aware of is stored in our conscious mind. Our conscious mind only comprises a very small part of who we are so that, in our everyday life, we are only aware of a very small part of what makes up our personality; most of what we are is hidden and out of reach. The Subconscious. The last part is the preconscious or subconscious. This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but is not in our active conscious. Its right below the surface, but still “hidden” somewhat unless we search for it. Information such as our telephone number, some childhood memories, or the name of your best childhood friend is stored in the preconscious.

Because the unconscious is so huge, and because we are only aware of the very small conscious at any given time, Freud used the analogy of the iceberg to illustrate it. A big part of the iceberg is hidden beneath the water’s surface. The water, may represent all that we are not aware of, have not experienced, and that has not been made part of our personalities, referred to as the nonconscious.

Application 1. Freud used the case study method to gather the data he used to formulate his theories. Among the many cases studies, five really stood out as bases of his concepts and ideas. Do further reading of these case studies and write a reaction paper on one of these case studies focusing on how he explained the personality development of the individuals in the case studies. - The case of Little Hans is one of Freud’s most famous psychoanalytic studies. The case describes how Hans spent a lot of his childhood being interested in his “widdler” or sometimes we call penis and then eventually develop a phobia of horses, which was attributed to an anxiety towards his Father. His awareness of horses and “widdlers” was ascribed to his love for his mother and hatred and anxiety for his father, as well as a desire to destroy him as a rival to his mother as interpreted by Freud. The case was used by Sigmund Freud to prove his Oedipal complex theory, according to which “the boy’s oedipal conflicts formed the basis of his illness, which burst out when

he underwent a period of privation and increased sexual excitation.”(Schustack & Friedman, 2008) Freud begins by wondering what had happened to a “happy, good-natured, and energetic little boy” into a neurotically worried child. Hans awoke from an anxious dream a few days before the start of his phobia, claiming he wished to “coax” with his mother, a crucial clue in recreating the history of his neurosis. Based on a detailed reading of Little Hans, Sigmund Freud claims that the little boy was experiencing increased sexual excitement, focused on his desire to see his mother’s “widdler,” but that previous threats to send for Dr. A to have his “widdler” cut off if he didn’t stop touching himself at night led to a sudden fear of castration, a fear that was reawakened by his discovery that little girls and women lack a penis. Because of the amplification of sexual longings that cannot be fulfilled, Hans’ separation from his mother generates anxiety: “It was this increasing affection for his mother that turned suddenly into anxiousness, which, as we could say, succumbed to suppression.” This could explain Hans’s sudden anxiety, but why would these feelings become centered on the fear of being bitten by a horse? “The horse must be his father,” Freud concludes, and the phobia of horses is simply a displaced anxiety of his father. Hans was terrified of his father because “he himself developed envious and hostile wants against him, wishes stemming from his conviction that his father was both an interferer with his sexual wishes and a barrier to his exclusive attachment to his mother,” according to Sigmund Freud. The aim of the case study was to better understand Hans’ fear of horses and how to treat it. To keep records of a child’s development until he reaches the age of four or five (used as evidence for the Oedipus complex). We can obtain an increasingly rich and diversified understanding of through this case study, not just of the case, but also by understanding the various concerns and theories of the mind and the development of a child as it face this kind of situation, and hence of therapeutic treatment, that have arisen within psychoanalysis.

From your internet search engine, just type Freud’s case studies. It will be easy to find a pdf file which you can readily download. 2. Note Freud’s ideas about hypnosis, free association and interpretation of dreams. Do you think his ideas are still useful today? Explain your views. -

Yes, I do believe Freud’s ideas are still relevant and useful today. Freud defined dreams as picture-puzzles that may seem nonsensical

at first, but when interpreting the different dream symbols, they may tell a lot about the subconscious processes of the dreamer.

RESEARCH CONNECTION Read a research that is related to Freud’s Theory. Fill out the matrix below. Problem The main problem guiding this study is; What attitudes do Elementary Schoolaged student’s hold towards their peers who have exceptionalities in the classroom?

Source: (bibliographical entry format) Hennings M. (2014) Coursehere.com

Research Methodology Using a mixed methods approach, student attitudes towards their peers who maybe identified with exceptionalities were explored and compared in order to gain a deeper understanding of student knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards peers with exceptionalities. The result obtained were used to further understanding regarding the types of attitudes which may be perpetuated throughout educational and extension, societal trends, Creswell (2014) suggested that by using a concurrent triangulation mixed methods approach, researchers can offer a more comprehensive examination of various types of data (i,e., both qualitative and quantitative) enabling a holistic understanding of certain situational contexts.

Findings

Conclusions

The study used data from classroom discussions, individual interviews, and questionnaires to formulate conclusions regarding peer attitudes towards students with exceptionalities within one selected school in Southern Ontario. Results are organized by quantitative data from questionnaires as well as qualitative data from classroom discussions and interviews. Students responses to being asked whether they would enjoy working or playing with a peer who has exceptionalities yield

This research provides insight regarding student attitudes towards their peers who have exceptionalities. Specifically, through this snapshot of one school in Southern Ontario, it has been learned that many students share a helpful and inclusive outlook regarding working and playing with their peers who have exceptionalities. Due to the impact that negative attitudes can have on students with exceptionalities and inclusion effort as whole, this thesis provides important information regarding student attitudes.

similar responses with most students indicating they would often or always enjoy the interaction with most students indicating they would often or always enjoy the interaction (play= 57.7% work= 61.54%). When students were asked to consider more negative effective responses-specifically if they have felt frustrated or annoyed by a peer who has exceptionalities student responses were similar in regard to both potential emotions.

Previous research indicated inconsistency in specific student attitudes ranging from negative feelings of annoyance and frustration to positive feelings such as empathy and helpfulness this research project adds to the literacy by including a thorough outlook from all divisions within one school.

SYNAPSE STRENGTHENERS Visit the Library of Congress in Washington DC, through its virtual museum. Visit the walls that contain very interesting pictures, documents, and information about the most controversial psychologist of all time, Sigmund Freud! You won’t need a passport, just follow these steps: 1. Go to www.loc.gov

2. Click “Exhibitions” 3. Click “View all exhibits” 4. Go to “Sigmund Freud: Conflict and Culture” 5. Seat back and enjoy the virtual tour! The pictures and write-ups are so interesting!!!! As in any visit to a museum, it would be good to take some notes. Make notes of the following and add your own ideas and comments as swell… Describe Freud’s family background. Describe the composition of his family. What do you think was it like for Freud growing up in this family? Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia (now Czech Republic). Sigmund was the first child of his twice-widowed father’s third marriage. His mother, Amalia Nathanson, was nineteen years old when she married Jacob Freud, aged thirty-nine. Sigmund’s two stepbrothers from his father’s first marriage were approximately the same age as his mother, and his

older stepbrother’s son, Sigmund’s nephew was his earliest playmate. Thus, the boy grew up in an unusual family structure, his mother halfway in age between himself and his father. Though seven younger children were born, Sigmund always remained his mother’s favorite. When he was four, the family moved to Vienna (now the capital of Austria), the capital city of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (the complete rule of Central Europe by Hungary and Austria form (1867 to 1918). Freud live in Vienna until the year before his death. Growing up in Freud’s family for instance, I could attest that it might be hard for Sigmund but the value in here was that his family became his inspiration to focus on his studies and achieve his goals in life. I think growing up in any kind of family is simply hard. We all have differences, but one thing is for sure, we all went through difficulties as living is not easy at all. We all have felt hardships. That is not something we can avoid. What we could do is just live with it, accept our fate, and learn. We should keep on going as we roll through peaks and valleys that life has furnished.

REFLECTION  5-Minute Non-Stop Writing begins…NOW! From the Module on Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, I learned that… his psychosexual development theory comprises of five distinct stages. According to Freud, a person goes through a series of these five stages and needs to be fulfilled along the way. Whether or not these needs are fulfilled, dictates whether or not an individual will develop a healthy personality. Freud also defined specific erogenous zones for each stage of development. These are specific "pleasure areas" which become focal points for a particular stage. If the needs are not met along the area, a fixation occurs. As an adult, the person is now manifesting behaviors related to this erogenous zone. The first stage is the Oral stage, which is 18 months from birth. The mouth is the erogenous zone. During the oral stage, the child focuses on oral pleasures (i.e sucking). Too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an Oral Fixation or Oral Personality that is shown by an increased focus on oral activity. The second stage is the Anal stage, which is 18 months to 3 years. At this point, the child's subject of pleasure is the anus. The child is satisfied with the elimination and retention of feces. As far as personality is concerned, fixation during this stage can result in becoming anal retentive, an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control, or anal expulsive where a person can become messy and disorganized. The third stage is the Phallic stage which is from ages 3 to 6. The pleasure or erogenous zone is the genitals. During the preschool age, children become interested in their genitals. A fixation at this point could result in sexual deviances (both overindulging and avoidance) and a poor or

confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts. The fourth is the Latency stage which is from 6 years of age to puberty. It is during this stage that sexual impulses remain repressed. The children’s focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills. Boys usually relate more with boys and girls than girls durin...