Class Notes - Professor Sophie Tunney PDF

Preview

Summary

Professor Sophie Tunney...

Description

9/7/2017 

Vasco da Gama (8 July 1497) o Calicut (20 May 1498)



Bartholomew Diaz- Cape of Good Hope (1488)



Columbus (12 Oct 1492) Lands Bahamas



Ferdinand Magellan (Circumnavigate South America) o To Guam- 4 Month Journey



Compiling data on the pacific/ atlantic



English East India company (1600)



United East India company (1602)



Conquest- Indonesia (Dutch) o Philippines- Spain



Ferdinand of Aragon + Isabella of Castile o Unified Spain in 1469



Reconquista (1481) o Capture Granada



Set up many trading posts in India

9/12/2017 

Taino



Carib,Caraib



Encomienda System



1512 Laws of Burgos



The New Laws 1542



1573 Ordinance on Discovery and Population

9/14/2017 

England started expeditions for inconcentive



Utopia- Sir Thomas Moore o Originally published in latin



An island as a perfect society



Tudor England



Really harsh conditions in England



the wool trade had begun



Agricultural produce had negative impact in England



Thousands evicted tenants



Enclosure Movement o Agricultural land becoming land for sheep’s to roam o Spread to many areas o Limited the ability to feed the population in England o Increased about 1 million in a year



New economic concept o Mercantilism 

One person can grow rich from an expense another

o Extracting gold and silver from foreign lands and send out as little as possible 

Mercantilism greatly enhanced the wealth of the nation



Mercantilists thrived in the beginning but collapsed later



Ireland was the first country colonized by England o 11th Century



Colonists moved from Ireland



1 million people loyal to Catholic church first language was Gallic now known as Irish



Sir Humphery Gilbert o Governor in Ireland o Didn’t respect the laws and was supposed to be suppressed



English settlement in distant lands should keep distance from native populations



Plantations o Had huge plantations to build separate societies



Maintain a pure “ENGLISH SOCIETY”



France and England were really huge rivals



French protestants were banned from immigrating to Canada



Runners of Wood o Official traders o Established relationships with the natives



The French were able to have a successful trading industry than the british



The Dutch bought Manhattan for $24 o Involved mostly in new York states o Didn’t find a path to the pacific



Mostly led by traders



Dutch and French in Canada



Dutch in Manhattan



First English Settlement in Jamestown Virginia in 1607



Nearly 30years before there were failed attempts to colonize



Settlement in North America were mostly business enterprises o Virginia Company o Small fragile communities



Official Jamestown settlement was a middle ground



Early Chesapeake region



Tobacco Industry o Most important o Established colonies



First cultivated in Virginia



Was really beneficial for planters



Headright system o Gave each settler 50 Acres of land o Families got more



Allowed colonists to create really big plantations



Women were purchased for 120 pounds of Tobacco



Illegal to leave without consent of the king



Puritans came by boat o Civil war in England o Under severe pressure and tried to immigrate to Holland o Ended up migrating to the US



In their boat ride to the US they ended up in Cape Cod o Named it Plymouth



41 male passengers signed a document called the Mayflower Compact o Established a civil governance to allegiance to the king



Native Americans suffered a massive decline



Huron o Declined from 32,000 to 10,000



Newcomers were appropriating more land



Settlers were changing the whole industry o Fencing land o Depleting land o Brought civilization to the savages

9/19/17 

Comte De Buffon



Monogenesis o African albino were DeGeneres



The child follows stomach

9/26/17 

Signares



Longue Duree



1700-37 Million



1771-100 Million



Manumission



Micro/mentality/experience



1831- Nat Turner Revolt



Gang system vs Task System

9/28/2017 

The Long 18th century o The English Enlightenment 

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) 



Leviathon 1651

John Locke (1632-1704)

o French Enlightenment 

Montesquieu (1689-1755) 

Spirit of Laws



Pioneer of Sociology



Voltaire (1694-1778)



Denis Diderot (1713-1784)



----Salons----

o German Enlightenment 

Aufklarung 

Leibniz (1646-1716) o Monadology (1714)



Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) o Critique of Pure Reason

  

Transcendental Idealism

Super Skepticism

Skepticism o A Treatise on Human Nature(1739) o David Hume (1711-1776)



Romanticism o Jean-Jacques Rousseau 

E’Mile (1762)

o Confessions (1765-1770) o Julie, Ou la Novelle He’loise (1761) 10/3/17 

French Revolution (1789-?) (1815?) (1870?) o First Estate – Clergy o Second Estate-Nobility o Third Estate- “Common People” o May 1st 1789- Estates General o Cahiers de Doleances (Grievances) o Taxes- Corvee (Labor)- Taille (Land)



National Assembly o July 14,1789 

Bastille 

Great Fear (July 19-Aug 3)

o Aug 4,1789 

End of Feudal Regime+ Privileges

o July 12,1790 

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

o 1791 

Constitutional Monarchy

o 1793  

King + Queen Executed

American Revolution o Seven Years War: (1754-1763) 

Stamp Act (1765)



Tea Act (1773)



Sugar Act (1764)

o Olive Branch Petition (July 5,1775) o Declaration of the causes (July 6th) o Necessity of taking up arms (July 6,1775) o Prohibitory Act (1775) o Common Sense- Thomas Paine (Jan 1776) o Declaration of Independence ( July 4th 1776) o Patriots vs Loyalists (Tories) o Continental Congress – Articles of Confederation (Nov 1777) 

Sacrusanct o Sacred



Napoleonic Code o Affected French Revolution

11/2/17 

Russian revolution o Tsarist Russia  Absolute authority, imperial power o Very little social mobility o Tsar Alexander II(1855)  faced considerable unrest at home debt from the Crimean war o Persuaded to implement reforms of the state and Russian society 

1861- Emancipation of Russian serfs



1864- reorganization of provincial assemblies (zemstvos) – established some local authority

o 1870’s  Revolutionary movement: Narodniki 

Narodnava Volya (Peoples will) Terrorist branch



Chernii Peredel (Black Partition) Work within the system to achieve redistribution of land

o March 1881: Alexander II Assassinated o October 1881: Narodniki issue the Narodniki program 

Resulted in Massive Repression of the Narodniki

o 1880’s Russian Socialism develops 

Socialist Revolutionary Party



Russian Social democratic labor party (Marxist) RSDLP

 

1903Split: Bolsheviks (Lenin)- Mensheviks

Publication of Lenin’s: What is to be done

o 1904: Russo-Japanese War- Russia Loses o 1902-1904 Peasant uprisings 

22 January 1905- Bloody Sunday

o Reform by Tsar-Creation of First Duma o Fundamental Laws- May 1906 o Impact of WW1 

Low production in agriculture



Low industrialization



30 percent of troops armed



March 15, 1917 Workers erupt in Revolution in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)



April theses- No Cooperation



Meeting of the Constituent Assembly- Mensheviks (62%) Bolsheviks (25%)



18 Jan 1918 – Assembly meets  then dissolved by Bolsheviks



1921Red Terror- Wipe out oppoisiton...