Copy of Practice on Your Own Animal Phyla PDF

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Practice with the Animal Phyla (Extra Bonus)

Key Characteristics List the key characteristics for each of the 9 animal Phyla

Key Characteristics

Key Characteristics

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Annelida

Simple porous body No true tissue No body symmetry Sessile Found in marine or freshwater environments

Tentacles, stinging cells Radial body symmetry Two tissue layers

Bilateral body symmetry 3 tissue layers No body cavity

Muscular foot Visceral mass containing organs Mantle (may secrete shell) Open circulatory system

Segmentation Closed circulatory system Nervous system that includes a simple brain and ventral nerve cord

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

Bilateral symmetry 3 tissue layers Cuticle covering body Fluid-filled body cavity Complete digestive tract Molting (ecdysis)

Segmented Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Molting Open circulatory system

Spiny skin Slow moving or sessile Marine Radial symmetry Deuterostomes Water vascular system (tube feet)

Dorsal, Hollow nerve cord Notochord Post-anal tail Pharyngeal slits (includes all vertebrates)

Compare and Contrast In this unit, we have cover 3 types of “worms”. ● Which 3 phyla include the “worms”? Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida ● Give an example of the 3 kinds of worms you would expect to find in each of the phyla. Platyhelminthes - Free-living Planaria, Fluke, Tapeworm Nematoda - Heartworms, Pinworms, Ascarids Annelida - Polychaetes, Earthworms, Leeches ● ●

Compare and contrast the three Phyla. Focus on how you are going to be able to distinguish between the three. Platyhelminthes have no body cavity and some species are parasitic. Nematoda are

identified by a cuticle covering the body that prevents them from drying out and fluid-filled body cavity. Species in Phylum Annelida have segmentation and a closed circulatory system.

Identification Practice For each of the following animal pictures, identify the Phylum name.

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Arthropoda

Cnidaria

Chordata

Annelida

Cnidaria

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Porifera

Body Symmetry Identify the type of body symmetry the following 3 animals have. ● What does this tell you about the clade they belong to? ● Explain how this clade tells us something about the ancestral history of these animals. Bilateral symmetry for all 3. They all belong to the clade Bilaterians. The lineage can be traced

back to common ancestral features of an original species at the Bilaterian clade level.

Chordate Practice There are four distinguishing features that scientists use to place an animal into “Phylum Chordata”. ● What are these 4 key characteristics? ● Can you identify them on the specimen below? ● Many different animals (e.g. tunicates, mammals, amphibians, reptiles/birds,) share these 4 characteristics. What does this tell us about their shared history? They all share common ancestry at the Phylum level with these four common features that identify them as Phylum Chordata.

Notochord

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

post-anal tail

Pharyngeal slits

Significance of Invertebrate Animals Invertebrate animals make up the largest portion of animal diversity. They play significant roles in ecosystems, such as coral reef systems providing homes, and provide valuable services to humans, such as insects pollinating our agricultural crops. Watch the following videos to learn more about the importance of coral reefs:

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What if Coral Reefs Die? What if Earth Lost All of Its Coral Reefs?

Note: You can also use other resources to respond to the questions below. Question Prompts: ● Why are coral reefs significant to many ecosystems? They sustain a multitude of marine species by providing food and shelter. They also serve as protection for the shorelines from inclement weather at sea. Corals also filter the water and keep it clear. ● What would happen if coral reefs (continue) to disappear? The ocean floor would be flooded with seaweed and many species of fish and sea turtles may go extinct when they lose coral protection from predators, overall decreasing biodiversity in the oceans. The water would become more murky making it difficult for predators. ● How would we (humans) be affected? Other organisms? Humans could be affected by the loss of coral reefs when damage to shorelines increases and the fishing industry takes a huge hit. Many countries and communities rely on fish for meals as well, the loss of corals could even cause people to starve due to lack of fishing success. Other organisms would lack the natural shelter and food sources that coral reefs provide for an extremely diverse ecosystem....