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Practice Test: Psych 101 Exam 5 1. The genome is the complete A. collection of sexual characteristics regulated by sex hormones. B. range of traits that makes up our temperament. C. set of genetic materials in an organism's chromosomes. D. set of interactions between genes and environments. 2. Whether or not ________ is/are expressed depends on environmental influences. A. genes B. DNA C. chromosomes D. genomes 3. Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are attributable to their differing A. epigenetic marks. B. temperaments. C. prenatal environments. D. genes. 4. Anxious, inhibited infants become more physiologically aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the impact of A. high serotonin levels. B.temperament.

C.epigenetic molecules. D. extraversion.

5. Researchers studying mice have found that in utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored fur. This is best explained by the fact that genetically linked traits can be modified by A. serotonin molecules. B.epigenetic marks. C.a reactive temperament. D. chromosomes. 6. The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of A. social learning theory B.molecular genetics. C.the human genome. D. sexual overperception bias. 7. One's biologically rooted temperament helps form one's enduring A. genome. B. personality. C. chromosomes. D. epigenetic marks.

8. Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are A. fraternal twins who were raised together. B. identical twins who were raised apart. C. fraternal twins who were raised apart. D. identical twins who were raised together. 9. Chromosomes are composed of A. epigenetic molecules. B. genomes. C. protein molecules. D. deoxyribonucleic acid. 10. Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are likely to be ________ similar in intelligence and _________ similar in personality. A. no more; no more B. no more; more C. more; no more D. more; more 11. The study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression is called A. behavior genetics. B. molecular genetics. C. epigenetics.

D. genomics. 12. According to evolutionary psychology, men's tendency to pair widely and women's tendency to pair wisely are best explained by the fact that these differing strategies have contributed to men's and women's A. shared human genome B. reproductive success. C. social scripts. D. genetic mutations. 13. Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity? A. mutations B. epigenetic marks C. adaptive flexibility D. free-floating stress hormones 14. The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called A. gender dysphoria. B. androgyny. C. gender typing. D. gender identity.

15. While sex refers to our ________ influenced characteristics, gender refers to our ________influenced characteristics. A. epigenetically; molecularly B. individualist; collectivist C. biologically; socially D. primary; secondary 16. Displays of humility are most characteristic of those who value A. individualism. B. gender typing. C. collectivism. D. androgyny. 17. Over the past decades, women have been increasingly expected to take responsibility for political leadership. This best illustrates a change in A. sexual orientation. B. gender identity. C. secondary sex characteristics. D. gender roles.

18 The dramatic increase in Americans' premarital sexual activity over the past half-century best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by A. the male answer syndrome. B. androgyny. C. testosterone. D. norms. 19. In some cultures, men are expected to take primary responsibility for managing household finances, and women are expected to take primary responsibility for preparing household meals. This best illustrates aspects of A. gender identity. B. gender typing. C. individualism. D. gender roles. 20. Because of an insensitivity to male sex hormones during prenatal development, Pat, a genetically male baby, was born with external genitals characteristic of a female baby. Pat most clearly shows signs of A. a high level of testosterone. B. an intersex condition. C. gender dysphoria. D. having primary sex characteristics.

21. Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with A. culture shock. B. brain plasticity. C. individualism. D. collectivism.

22. Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates the impact of A. culture. B. sexual identity. C. gender role. D. gender typing. 23. A single ________ on the ________ chromosome plays a crucial role in the prenatal development of the testes. A. gene; X B. protein; X C. gene; Y D. protein; Y

24. Elaina is in the fourth month of her pregnancy. At this point, her developing baby would be referred to as a(n) A. zygote. B. fetus. C. embryo. D. genome. 25. Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to harmful A. DNA. B. zygotes. C. genomes. D. teratogens. 26. Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the A. embryo. B. ovaries. C. teratogens. D. placenta. 27. Fertilization refers to _____ A. egg is implanted in uterine wall. B. male and female gametes fuse, producing a zygote. C. cell differentiation. D. the time of sexual intercourse.

28. Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of A. autism spectrum disorder. B. stranger anxiety. C. infantile amnesia. D. object permanence. 29. Lacking exposure to spoken, written, or signed language before adolescence, a person will never master any language. This indicates that infancy and childhood constitute a(n) ________ for language development. A. preoperational stage B. epigenetic mark C. sensorimotor stage D. critical period 30. After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of A. conservation. B. assimilation. C. egocentrism. D. accommodation.

31. During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a A. theory of mind B. concept of conservation. C. sense of object permanence. D. capacity for abstract reasoning. 32. ______ is a form of temporary support provided to children to help them learn more complex thinking A. theory of mind B. stranger anxiety C. cognitive support D. scaffolding

33. When does a child recognize themselves as a separate individual A. 9- 15 B. 8-10 C. 11-20 D. 2-4

34. ______ emphasized scaffolds and social environments in their developmental theory A. Vygotsky B. Piaget C. Lorenz D. Erickson

35. Which stage of Piaget’s developmental stage theory involves milestones such as conservation and mathematical transformation? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete Operational D. Formal Operational 36. Which stage of Piaget’s developmental stage theory involves milestones such as abstract reasoning and moral reasoning? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete Operational D. Formal Operational

37. The difference in mean correlation in intelligence between identical twins reared together and fraternal twins reared together demonstrates what? Refer to Graph Power of Genetics! Identical twins are more similar because of genetic overlap

38. The difference in mean correlation in intelligence between identical twins reared together and identical twins reared apart demonstrates what? Refer to Graph

Power of the environment! Identical twins in the same environment are more similar

39. Under what situations will a child develop secure attachment? Give an example of a child displaying secure attachment.

40. What are Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Konrad Lorenz, and Erik Erikson each most famous for? Piaget-4 stages of cognitive development Kohlberg-moral development Lorenz-imprinting with birds

Erikson-basic trust...