COU300 WEEK 5 Kanel’s ABC Model OF Crisis Intervention Notes PDF

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COU300 Week 5 Kanel's ABC Model of Crisis Intervention Lecture Notes....

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WEEK 5: KANEL’S ABC MODEL OF CRISIS INTERVENTION The ABC Model -

A - develop and maintain rapport and support co-regulation of effect. B - identify the nature of the crisis and identify the cognitive key. C - develop coping strategies and referrals. A- Develop and Maintain Rapport & Support Co-regulation of Affect

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Fundamental relationship-building and listening skills. These are used continuously throughout all stages of the model. -

Attending behaviours Paraphrasing and reflection of the content Open-ended questioning Reflecting emotion Summarisation Some Questions for Reflection

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How is the therapist showing that she is paying attention to the client? What were some examples of open-ended questions used by the counsellor? What effect did the therapists paraphrasing have on the client? When and why did the counsellor reflect emotions & how did this effect the client? What was included in the summary? B – Identify The Nature of the Crisis & Therapeutic Interaction

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Identify the precipitating event Identify and explore cognitions Identify emotional distress Identify impairments in functioning: behaviourally, socially, academically, occupationally

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Ethical checks: suicide, homicide, organic issues, psychosis, substance abuse, child abuse, elder abuse. Therapeutic interaction statements: educational, empowerment, validation, reframes.

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The ABC Model and the Cognitive Tree -

The Trunk is the Precipitating Event -

Client: “My husband left me.” Counsellor: “What does that mean to you?”

[twigs and leaves explore this perception] -

Cognition 1 is a branch -

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Client: “I will be alone forever” Counsellor: “In what way alone” [twigs and leaves explore this perception]

Cognition 2 is a branch -

Client: “No one will ever love me again” Counsellor: “What makes you think that?” Client: “He told me he’s the only one that could ever love me because I’m ugly and stupid”.

Counsellor uses therapeutic interaction comments to change leaves (cognitions) from brown to green. Identify the precipitating event Identify and explore cognitions -

Focus on beginning of crisis. Coping since it occurred. Identifies client’s perception about the event.

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Identify emotional distress

Explore meaning clients ascribe to events. Required for cognitive restructuring.

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Cognitive Model

Explore thoughts linked to various painful emotions. The more emotional distress the more likely that functioning will be impaired.

Identify impairements in functioning -

Impairments to occupational, academic, behavioural, social interpersonal or family functioning

Therapeutic Interaction Statements -

Validation statements -

State that feelings are normal or suggest there is hope that things will get better. -

“Many people going through this would also feel and think this way.” Therapeutic Interaction Statements

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Validation Statements -

State that feelings are normal or suggest there is hope that things will get better. -

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“Many people going through this would also feel and think this way”.

Educational Statements -

Providing factual information eases clients suffering due to lack of knowledge. -

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“Its not uncommon for healthy relationships to go through difficulties. Often, the refreshing of skills, such as communication skills, can be all it takes to put you back on track”. “One in four Australian women have experienced abuse by a current or former partner”.

Empowering Statements -

Clients in certain crisis situations in which they feel violated, victimized, or helpless respond well to empowering statements.

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“You didn’t have a choice in being raped, but now you do have a choice of what to do.”

Reframing Statements -

Defining a situation differently from the way the client is defining it. -

Counsellor must first understands fully the client’s current frame of reference. Ethical Checks

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Suicide Homicide Child abuse Elder abuse Disabled abuse Organic concerns Substance abuse issues Questions for Reflection

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What was the precipitating event and when did it occur? What are the clients feelings about the precipitating events? What are the clients thoughts about the participating events? How has the clients functioning been effected by the crisis? Is the client suicidal? What tells you this? Were there any other ethical issues? What educational statements did you notice? What reframes did you see? What empowering statements did you notice? C - Coping

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In this phase of the model crisis intervention workers will begin to summarise the problem and begin to support clients to look at various ways of coping, Including past, present and future strategies. This usually involves 4 main aspects: -

Inviting clients to explore their own ideas regarding coping (previous, present and alternatives) Encouraging the development of new coping behaviours. Presenting alternative ideas for coping -

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Exploring referrals

Commitment and Follow up

Exploring the Clients Own Attempts at Coping -

In this aspect of the model we explore the clients present & past coping strategies and any ideas for the future. This needs to include both effective and ineffective coping strategies. We might ask questions such as: -

What have you been doing to cope with this situation up until now? What do you think might help you even a little bit at the moment? What have you used in the past when you have faced huge challenges like this? What have others said that might be useful to cope even a little bit with such as terrible situation? Encouraging the development of new coping behaviours

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Clients are more likely to follow through with a plan that they have developed themselves. Once clients seem to have explored and come to an end of their ideas, as counsellors we may begin to tentatively offer ideas and resources to the client that they may find useful. If we are too quick to provide solutions to a client then we reduce the chances the client will follow through on a plan, and also reduce the opportunity to develop skills in problem solving and resilience. Some Questions

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How does the client believe that she can start to resolve the problem? What ideas did the counsellor give the client? How did the counsellor use the clients frame of reference to provide alternative ways of coping? What questions might the counsellor ask the client to generate some further coping strategies? What referral options do you know of that might be useful for this client?...