Criminology Course Terminology List PDF

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List of key 'advanced' criminological terms...

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Criminology Course Terminology List Market Society – A market economy is a tool; it's a valuable and effective tool for organizing productive activity. A market society is different. A market society is a place; it's a way of life where market relations and market incentives and market values come to dominate all aspects of life.

Epistemology – The theory of knowledge, especially about its methods, validity, and scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.

Ontology – the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.

Inquisitive Crime – Defined as an offence where the offender derives material gain from the. crime. Examples include, shoplifting, burglary, theft, and robbery.

Predatory Crime – A (usually) violent crime with a human victim, such as robbery or rape; contrasted with "victimless" crime, such as drug use or prostitution.

Green Crime – Is a branch of criminology that involves the study of harms and crimes against the environment broadly conceived, including the study of environmental law and policy, the study of corporate crimes against the environment, and environmental justice from a criminological perspective.

Labelling Theory – Labeling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping.

‘Just Deserts’ – The phrase is the last refuge of an obsolete meaning of desert—namely, something that is deserved or merited. But because most modern English speakers are unfamiliar with that old sense of desert, the phrase is often understandably written just desserts.

Retribution – Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.

Denunciation – Public condemnation of someone or something. "denunciation of his reckless methods" the action of informing against someone.

Utilitarian Philosophy – Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility in maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all people. It is, then, the total utility of individuals which is important here, the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Post/ Late Modern period (of society) – Postmodernism describes both an era and a broad movement that developed in the mid to late 20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism which marked a departure from modernism.

The ‘Risk Society’ – Risk society is the manner in which modern society organizes in response to risk. The term is closely associated with several key writers on modernity, in particular Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens.

Disorganised Capitalism – A term used to describe the fragmentation of socio-economic groups in the economy, state, and civil society of advanced capitalism (see, for example, S. Lash and J. Urry, The End of Organised Capitalism, 1987; C. Offe, Disorganized Capitalism, 1985). ... Urry, The End of Organised Capitalism, 1987; C.

Ontological Security – Ontological security is a stable mental state derived from a sense of continuity in regard to the events in one's life. Giddens (1991) refers to ontological security as a sense of order and continuity in regard to an individual's experiences.

Managerialism – Belief in or reliance on the use of professional managers in administering or planning an activity.

New Public Management – New Public Management (NPM) is a management/development system that is used in companies, agencies and countries in their entirety. This system emphasizes the concept that ideas used in the private sector must be successful in the public sector.

Assault – Make a physical attack on.

ABH – Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (often abbreviated to Assault O.A.B.H. or simply ABH) is a statutory offence of aggravated assault in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Hong Kong and the Solomon Islands.

GBH – Grievous bodily harm (often abbreviated to GBH) is a technical term used in English criminal law which has become synonymous with the offences that are created by sections 18 and 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861.

Pyschosociology – Psychosociology or psycho-sociology is the study of problems common to psychology and sociology, particularly the way individual behaviour is influenced by the groups the person belongs to.

Positivism/ Interpretivism – Positivism and Interpretivism are the two basic approaches to research methods in Sociology. Positivist prefer scientific quantitative methods, while Interpretivists prefer humanistic qualitative methods.

Pragmatism – A pragmatic attitude or policy. "ideology had been tempered with pragmatism" PHILOSOPHY

an approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.

Institutional Racism – Institutional racism is a pattern of social institutions — such as governmental organizations, schools, banks, and courts of law — giving negative treatment to a group of people based on their race.

Recidivism – Recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts in criminal justice. It refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime.

Scapegoating – Scapegoating (from the verb "to scapegoat") is the practice of singling out any party for unmerited negative treatment or blame as ascapegoat.[1] Scapegoating may be conducted by individuals against individuals (e.g. "he did it, not me!"), individuals against groups (e.g., "I couldn't see anything because of all the tall people"), groups against individuals (e.g., "Jane was the reason our team didn't win"), and groups against groups.

Hyper banality – (Banal) From Old French: relating to compulsory feudal service, hence common to all, commonplace; from ban ban2.

Deterministic View – A theory or doctrine that acts of the will, occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws b : a belief in predestination.

Sociological Positivism – In sociology, positivism is the view that social phenomena (such as human social behavior and how societies are structured) ought to be studied using only the methods of the natural sciences. So, positivism is a view about the appropriate methodology of social science, emphasizing empirical observation.

Actuary – A person who compiles and analyses statistics and uses them to calculate insurance risks and premiums.

‘Homo Economicus’ – In economics, homo economicus, or economic man, is the concept in many economic theories portraying humans as consistently rational and narrowly self-interested agents who usually pursue their subjectively-defined ends optimally.

Cogent – (of an argument or case) Clear, logical, and convincing.

Defensible Spaces – Theory. As defined in Newman's book Design Guidelines for Creating Defensible Space, defensible space is "a residential environment whose physical characteristics—building layout and site plan—function to allow inhabitants themselves to become key agents in ensuring their security."

Concierge Systems – (especially in France) A person who has charge of the entrance of a building and is often the owner's representative; doorkeeper.

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