Criminology Discussion board question PDF

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1. What is criminology? Criminology is the scientific study of crime and deviant behaviour, exploring the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behaviour, regarding crime as a social phenomenon. Criminology focuses on the motivation behind crime and deviance, the consequences behind the crime and theories and methods for preventing it. 2. Provide a brief history of criminology? The italian physician Cesare Lembroso is considered as the father of criminology, he studied the cadavers of executed criminals in order to scientifically understand whether criminals were physically different from people with conventional values. Lombrosian theory was based on serious offenders who committed repeated crimes, inherited those criminal traits. Cesare Lembroso believed born criminals suffer from atavistic anomalies. 3. How do criminologists view crime? There are three common concepts that criminologists use to view crime. There is the consensus view of crime based on the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common values and agree on what behaviours should be defined as criminals. This concept analyzes how these behaviours are outlawed because they pose as a harm and danger to society. The conflict view of crime based on theories by sociologist Karl Marlx is reflected on the power structure of political power and elites. In this concept criminal behaviour is defined by those in power, in order to protect and advance their self interest. The third and last concept is an interactionist view, the belief of those with social powers able to impose their values on society as a whole. It reflects on one’s perception of reality in a particular jurisdiction. 4. What are some ethical issues in criminology?

The biggest ethical issues regarding criminology involves recognizing the field’s political and social consequences. The issues of how criminologists study is also presented as an ethical issue; their research must not be directed by the sources of funding on which research projects rely. It might be questioned if studies are funded by organizations who have a vested interest in the outcome of the research. It's essential for criminologists to understand criminal justice and the way the law making process works, without injecting their bias.

September 21st - September 28th Each week students will have a discussion board post that aligns and details the specifics of the chapter or unit! Students are to write a minimum of 1-3 paragraphs describing the contents of the chapter and how it relates to criminology. Students are provided framework questions to help guide the discussion board post. Students must also respond to 2 other classmates' posts. All discussion board posts are due the Sunday before the start of a new week. The questions for this week are as follows: 1. What is Victimology? Victimology refers to the study of the victim’s role in criminal events, the role victims play in the crime process and the psychological effect on their experience. Criminologists who focus on this type of study are referred as victimologists, focusing on the nature and causes of the suffering. 2. What is the relationship between victimization and society? This relationship deals with who crime victims do not always necessarily become offenders, most offenders have been victims. It's a abuse-crime phenomenon known as the cycle of violence, meaning that victims of crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crime themselves later on in their life. Being abused or neglected as a child increases the odds of being arrested as juvenile and as an adult. Moreover, incarcerated offenders report significant amounts of PTSD, as a result of prior victimization. This is due since the victimization experience, and overall process can cause negative physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes, which leads many to commit crime. 3. Explain the different theories of victimization Criminologists have developed several different theories in order to attempt to explain the cause of victimization. The victim precipitation theory refers to the view that victims may initiate, actively or passively, the confrontation that ends in them being the victim, injured or dead. Personality theory is based on research that victims have an impulsive personality, these types of personality traits might incite victimization. A third theory is known as the lifestyle theory, many criminologists believe that many people have been victims of crime due to their lifestyle, which increases their exposure to criminal offenders. Furthermore, the deviant place theory explains how the larger exposure to threatening places, the more likely you are to become a victim of crime. Many communities encourage this type of activity, of crime and victimization. In this community victims are vulnerable since they are surrounded and reside in disorganized, high-crime areas.

4. How do you care about a victim that’s been victimized? Helping victims recover from crime is society's responsibility, according to the national victim survey showed how 75% of the general public have been victimized at least once in their lifetime. It's essential for law enforcements, the courts, and human services systems to acknowledge that due process and human rights should not only go to the criminal defendant, but also for the victim. President Ronald Reagan developed the Task Force on Victim of Crime in 1982, recognizing the victims right and providing the defendant's constitutional right of due process. Consequently, Congress passed the Omnibus Victim and Witness Protection Act, which required the use of victim impact statements at sentencing in federal criminal cases and it increased protection for witnesses. Another milestone for victim’s protection was the Crime Victim’s Right Act of 2004, which extended crime victims to participate in the justice system. Additionally, many programs have been developed throughout the US, offering victim-witness assistance, such as victim compensation, legal protection, etc. Questions: 1. What is the article about? 2. What does it say about classical criminology? 3. Why is this article relevant to the discipline? 4. What did you learn?

The following article examines the fundamental evaluation and complexity within Classical criminology and entails the significant role of Cesare Beccaria in his work in the field of criminology....