Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold PDF

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Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold PUBLI CATI ONHI STORY Thefir s tbo o ke d i t i ono fCul t u r ea n dAna r c h yc a meo uti n18 69.Thefir s tc ha p t e roft h ewo r kwa s o r i g i na l l ye nt i t l e d," Cul t ur ea n di t sEne mi e s , "a n dwa shi sl a s tl e c t ur ea sPr o f e s s o rofPoe t r ya tOxf or d i nJ un e18 67;i nJ u l y , t h i sl e c t ur ewa spu bl i s h e di nCo r n hi l lMa g a z i ne .Th ee s s a ys p ur r e dan umbe rof r e s pons e s ,a n ds o on,Ar nol d ' sa t t e mp t st or e s p on dt ot he s er e s pon s e sgr e wi nt oas e qu e nc eo fe s s a y s i nCo r n hi l lp ub l i s he db e t we e nJ a nu a r yt oAu g us t186 8.The s ee s s a y swou l dl a t e rf o r mt h e c ol l e c t i on ,Cul t ur ea ndAn ar c h y . Ar nol da dd e dap r e f a c e ,i nt r o duc t i on, a ndc onc l us i o nt ot he1 869b ooke d i t i on, butt h ee s s a y sg e n e r a l l y r e ma i n e di nt h e i ro r i g i na lf or ms .La t e re di t i o ns( 1 895 ,18 82,1 88 3)t e n de dt oo mi tma n yo ft hes pe c i fic p e r s on a la ndt o pi c a lr e f e r e nc e ss i n c es omu c hofAr nol d ' swor kwa swe dde dt ode ba t e sa nddi s c our s e s i mme di a t e l yc o nt e mp or a r ywi t hor i g i na lp ub l i c a t i on.Mys u mma r ya n da n a l y s e sa r eba s e dont he18 69 b ooke di t i o n. SUMMARY/ SCHEMA Thi ss c h e mas u mma r i z e sAr no l d' sa s p e c t sofc ul t ur et ha twi l lbr i n ghu ma ns oc i e t yt ogr e a t e r p e r f e c t i o n,a n dt hea s p e c t so fmod e r nl i f et h a twi l lbr i n gh uma ns o c i e t yt o wa r dsa na r c h y . TOWARDSCULTURE Swe e t ne s sa n dLi g ht( Be a ut ya n dI n t e l l i g e nc e ) He l l e ni s i n g :amor eho l i s t i c ,i n t e r na l , i nt e l l e c t ua lt r a n s f or ma t i ont os e et h i n g s“ a s t h e yt r u l ya r e ” I de ao fe t e r na lp r o c e s s ,pr o gr e s s ,vi t a l mo v e me nto ft hou g ht Ma ki n gr e a s o na ndwi l lofGodpr e v a i l “ be s ts e l f ”( c o l l e c t i v e l y ,e v e r y o newi l la gr e e o v e rv a l ue si fe v e r y o nei sc u l t i v a t i n gt he i rb e s t s e l v e s ) ne e df ori de a sb e f or ea c t i on “ r i g htr e a s on ” e ns ur i n g“ l i g ht ”i sno ta c t ua l l yd a r kn e s s a l l o wi n g“ c ons c i ous n e s st opl a yf r e e l ya nd s i mp l y”t oc ul t i v a t ed i s i nt e r e s t e dv i e wso f t h i n g sa ndt oa v o i db l i n dor t ho do x i e s Cr i t i q uea sa c t i o na bl ea ndp r a g ma t i c St a t ea ut ho r i t yne e de dt or e i gni na na r c h y ; s h ou l dno tb ea f r a i dofSt a t ea sl on ga si t e xpr e s s e sc ol l e c t i v e“ be s ts e l f ”

TOWARDSANARCHY Fi r ea n dSt r e n g t h Ph i l i s t i ni s m He br a i s i n g :t e nde n c yt o wa r d sa c t i on, fir e ,s t r i c t a d he r e nc et or ul e s “ Ma c hi n e r y ” Ne ws pa pe ror t hod o x i e s Mi d d l ec l a s sl i be r a l i s m c u l t i v a t i n gna t ur a lt a s t ef or“ ba t h os ” “ Or di na r ys e l f ” Ra ndo ma c t i o n,o rfix e dr u l e sf ora c t i on wi t h outi de a sbe h i ndt h e m “ Doi n ga so nel i k e s ”a st hemi d dl ec l a s s , l i be r a ld oc t r i ne “ Onet hi n gn e e df u l ” Fe t i s hi z i n gt hepr o duc t i onofwe a l t ha n d ma nuf a c t ur e s Mi n d l e s sp a r t i s a ns h i p–r ul eb ou nd“ l i b e r a l s ” a n d“ c on s e r v a t i v e s ” Fa na t i c i s m:nonc onf or mi s t sa r epe r h a psa s r ul e bo unda ndc oun t e rt oi n di v i dua lt ho u g hta s t h eEs t a b l i s h e dChu r c h “ Cl a pt r a p”

Pr e f a c e : Ar nol dpr a i s e sBi s h opWi l s o n,c r i t i q ue st hepr o vi nc i a l i t yofno nc o nf o r mi s tr e l i g i ona n dt he i r He br a i s t i c" s a c r i fic eo fa l lot he rs i de so f[ t h e i r ]b e i n gt ot her e l i g i o uss i d e , "a ndi d e a l i z e sEl i z a b e t ha n s t a t e ' sc a p a c i t yt oa b s or bs e c t a r i a nc on fli c t s .ThePr e f a c ewa swr i t t e na sar e s pon s et ot heSoc i e t yf o r Pr o mot i n gChr i s t i a nKn o wl e d g e . I nt r od uc t i on:

Ar nol ds i g na l st h a th ei sno ta l ooff r o m pol i t i c s ,a ss omeo fh i sc r i t i c swoul ds a y :" Ia ml i b e r a l ,y e tI a m al i b e r a lt e mp e r e db ye xpe r i e nc e ,r e fle c t i on ,a ndr e noun c e me nt , a ndIa m,a bo v ea l l ,abe l i e v e ri n c u l t u r e . " Ch a pt e r1: Ar nol dde fine sc u l t u r ea s1 )t hee n de a v o rt ol e a r na nds e et hi ngsa st he yar ea nd2)t h ene e dt oma ke "t hi ngsa st he ya r e "pr e v a i li nh uma ns oc i e t y .Cu l t ur e ' smo t i v ei s" t h el o v eofp e r f e c t i on . "Cu l t u r ei s n e c e s s a r i l ya ne ndl e s spr oc e s s . Thep r e s e ntd a yi st o o" me c h a ni c a l "a n dc o nc e r n e dwi t h" mac hi ne r y, " wh i c hbe c ome sAr nol d ' sc a t c h a l lme t a pho rf orkne e j e r kv a l ue so ft hePur i t an,mi ddl e c l as s l i be r a l :i nd us t r i a l i z a t i on,p opu l a t i o ngr o wt h ,we a l t h ,f r e es pe e c h,r e l i gi o usa r do r :" Th eEn g l i s hma ni s a l wa y st o or e a d yt obe l i e v e t h a tt heh a v i n gav o t e ,l i k et h eha vi n gal a r g ef a mi l y ,o ral a r g eb us i n e s s ,or l a r g emus c l e s ,h a si ni t s e l fs o mee di f yi n ga n dpe r f e c t i n ge ffe c tup onh uma nn a t ur e . "I nt hi sc ha p t e r , Ar nol da l s oe xp l a i nst h eor i gi noft h eph r a s e ," s we e t ne s sa ndl i ght "i nSwi f t ' sBat t l eo ft heBoo k s , a nd e xp l a i nsh o wc u l t u r ewi l le na b l eme nt o" l ookbe y o ndma c h i ne r y . " Ch a pt e r2: Thi sc h a pt e ri sl a r g e l yar e s pon s et oc r i t i c so fh i st ha tbe l i e v et h a th eha sn op r a g ma t i s m,a n di sf u l lo f " moo ns hi n e . "Ar n ol da r gu e st h a tp r e s e n t da y" a c t i on s "a r eo f t e ni mpr a c t i c a lbe c a us et he yl a c kt he p r op e ri n t e l l i g e nc e ,i de a sor" l i gh t "t og ui d et he m.TheEngl i s hno t i onof"doi nga sonel i ke "wi l l de g e ne r a t ei nt oanar c hy,e s pe c i a l l ywhe na dop t e db yt hewor ki n gc l a s s .Hed e s c r i be st h i sa sa n " a na r c h i c a lt e nde n c y . . . t owor s hi pf r e e do m. " Ar n ol dp r o vi d e ss p e c i fice x a mpl e so fpe o pl ef r om e a c hof t h et hr e ec l a s s e s( a r i s t oc r a c y ,mi dd l e c l a s s , wor ki n gc l a s s ) ,d e s c r i bi n gt he ma c c or di n gt oAr i s t ot l e ' s c onc e pto f" me a n"a nd" e x c e s s , "u l t i ma t e l ys a yi n gt ha tt he ya l ll a c kt hepr o pe r" l i g ht "t ob e" c e nt r e so f a u t hor i t y . "Fi na l l y ,Ar n ol dd i s t i n gu i s he sbe t we e n" or di na r ys e l v e s "( t he" s e l f "c i r c u ms c r i be db yc l a s s i nt e r e s t s , ma t e r i a lpu r s ui t ,po l i t i c a lo r t hod o x i e s )a nd" be s ts e l v e s "( t h e" s e l f "whi c hs e e k si nt e l l e c t ua l a n di n t e r n a lkno wl e d g eo f" t hi n g sa st he yr e a l l ya r e " ) . Thec ol l e c t i v e" b e s ts e l f "wi l lt he ns e r v ea st he c e nt e ro fa u t h or i t yf o ra ni de a ls t a t e . Ch a pt e r3: Ar nol dr e vi s e s / e xp a ndshi sd e fini t i o no ft hed i ffe r e n tc l a s s e s ;r e a s s i g ni n gt he mt h et e r ms o fBar ba r i ansf ort hea r i s t o c r a c y ,Phi l i s t i ne sf ort h emi dd l ec l a s s ,a n dPopul ac ef ort h ewor ki n gc l a s s . Ba r ba r i a nsa r et o oe xt e r n a l l yr e fine d( c a r i n gf o rs uc ht h i n g sa sc hi v a l r y ,a ndt h e i rb odi e s )a ndno t i nt e r na l l yr e fine de no u gh. Ph i l i s t i ne st e ndt ob et oos e l f s a t i s fie d ,r e l i a n tonma c hi n e r y , s t i ffn e c k e d, a n dh e nc er e s i s t a ntt o" l i gh t . " ThePopul a c ei sd a n g e r ou sbe c a us ei ta s p i r e st oPh i l i s t i ne ' s" do i n ga son e l i k e s "whi c hwi l ll e a dt oa n a r c h y .Ul t i ma t e l y , Ar no l dbe l i e v e si na" c ommonhuma ni t y"i n i ndi vi dual sf r om a l lc l a s s e s ,p r o v i de dt h a th ei s" c u r i ous "a bo uth i s" b e s ts e l f . "I nt hefina ls e c t i onof t h ec h a pt e r , Ar nol ds ho wsh o wt hec u r r e nts t a t e , l i t e r a t ur e ,r e l i g i on,a ndpo l i t i c sa l lc ul t i v a t e" o r d i na r y s e l v e s "a ndt e n dt oc a t e rt oh uma n i t y ' sb a s e r" n a t ur a lt a s t ef orba t hos . " Ch a pt e r4 Ar nol dde fine sh o wHe br a i s m andHe l l e ni s m ha v et hes a mee nd s-s ot ha t" wema ybepa r t a k e r si n d i vi n ena t u r e " a ndt hust h e ys h ou l db eba l a n c e di nou rs oc i e t y .He br a i s m' sc l os er e l a t i o ns h i pwi t hs i n t e ndst oma k ei tt oomuc haboutc onduc tando be di e nc e ,a n dn ote nou g ha b outs e e i n gt h i sa st h e y r e a l l ya r e .I nh i s t or y ,t h e r eh a sbe e nwa v e sofHe br a i s ma ndHe l l e ni s m( Re na i s s a nc e-He l l e ni s t i c ; Re f o r ma t i on-He br a i s t i c ) .Ar no l dv a l ue st he" t e na c i t y"ofHe br a i s m bu ts u g g e s t st ha tHe l l e n i s mi s n e e de dt oma k es u r et he" l i g ht "whi c ht hi st e na c i t yf ol l o wsi sn o t" d a r kne s s . " Ch a pt e r5: Ther ul i n gf o r c e so ft hed a ya r e" fir ea n ds t r e n gt h"r a t h e rt ha n" s we e t ne s sa n dl i ght . "Ar nol dc a ut i o ns a g a i ns tt hedo c t r i neo f"o net hi ngne e df ul . "Fo re x a mp l e ,l i t e r a lr e a di n g sofSt .Pa uls e er e s ur r e c t i o n a sr i s i n gt oan e wl i f ea f t e rd e a t h;Ar nol ds u g g e s t st hepos s i bi l i t yo fr i s i n gt on e wl i f e( n e wl i g ht , u nde r s t a nd i n gofl i f e )be f o r ede a t h .Hea l s ooffe r st hes t or yo fon eMr .Smi t h ,whoc o mmi t t e ds u i c i d e

b e c a u s eofa ppr e he n s i on sa bo utmo ne yl os s ,a sac r i t i q ueo ft he" on et hi n gne e d f ul "-Smi t ht ho u ght t h a tmi ddl e c l a s sv a l u e s( ofwh i c hwe a l t hi sk e y )we r ea l lt ha tonea s p i r e dt o . Ch a pt e r6: Ar nol ddo e sh i sbe s th e r et oo ffe rpr ac t i c ale x ampl e swhe r e byhi sc r i t i quemi ghtbeus e f ul .He s h o wsho wt h ed i s e s t a b l i s h me n to ft heI r i s hc hu r c h,t h eRe a lEs t a t eI n t e s t a c yBi l l ,a ndFr e eTr a d e p ol i c ya r ea l li ns t a nc e sofkne e j e r k,o r t h od o x ,me c ha n i c a ll i be r a l i s m.Ar n ol di sa g ai ns t par t i s ans hi pb e c a u s ep a r t i s a n s hi pf o s t e r sor t h od o x i e s ;s o me t i me sc r i t i q uewi l lt e n dst o wa r dt he " l i be r a l "a n do t he rt i me s ,t o wa r dt h e" c ons e r v a t i v e . "Ar no l d' s" a c t i on"i st hu sc r i t i q ue .

Conc l us i on : I nt hec onc l us i on ,Ar n ol dma k e sap l e af orpubl i cor de r , andt hes t r o ngr e g ul a t o r yar mo ft hes t at e . Si nc ec u l t u r eh a sno ty e tpe r f e c t e dp e opl e ' si nt e r n a lf r a me sofr e f e r e n c e ,a n a r c hi ct e nde n c i e sn e e dt ob e q u a s he db yt h es t a t e ....