DDS Answer Key-PINK Pacop PDF

Preview

Summary

n/a...

Description

Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS QUESTION 1. It is the process of comminution in which a paste is formed by combining the powder material and a small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble. I. levigation III. Spatulation II. Pulverization by intervention D. II and III A. I only B. III only E. I, II and III C. I and II 2. Powders containing deliquescent and hygroscopic materials should be wrapped in what kind of paper? I.Vegetable parchment III.Waxed paper II.Glassine paper A. I only D. II and III E. I,II and III B. III only C. I and II 3. This method is used when a small amount of potent substances is to be mixed with a large amount of diluents. C. geometric dilution E. trituration A. Block and divide method B. Spatulation D. sifting 4. In preparing effervescent granulated salts, which of the following statement/s hold/s true? I. Effervescent granules can be prepared using two methods, the dry and wet methods. II. The effervcence from the released CO 2 serves to mask the bitter or salty taste of drugs. III. Using tartaric acid as the sole acid would result in a sticky mixture which is difficult to granulate. C. I and II E. I, II and III A. I only B. III only D. II and III 5. Which of the following powders can be classified as bulk powders? I. Douche III. Insufflation II. Dusting powder A. I only C. I and II B. III only

D. II and III E. I, II and III

6. The following statement/s hold/s true for capsules: I. They are solid dosage forms in which material agents &/ or inert substance are enclosed within a small shell of gelatin. II. Gelatin capsules may be hard or soft depending on their composition.

III.

Soft gelatin capsules are used by community pharmacist in the extemporaneous compounding of prescriptions. A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III B. III only D. II and III 7. Normally how many % of water is contained in a hard gelatin capsule? A. 8-10 C. 20-25 E.5-10 D. 2-5 B. 12-16 8. The largest size of hard, empty capsule that can be swallowed is : A. 00 C. 00 E. 0 D. 5 B. 000 9. The following statement/s is/are true: I. Gelatin is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue and bones of animals. II. Although gelatin is insoluble in cold water, it does soften through the absorption of up to ten times the weight of the water. III. Gelatin is soluble in hot water and in warm gastric fluid; a gelatin capsule rapidly dissolves and exposes its contents. A. I only D. II and III B. III only E. I, II and III C. I and II 10. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can affect in vitro dissolution of capsules containing: I. tetracycline II. Chloramphenicol III. Nitrofurantoin A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III B. III only D. II and III 11. This chemical agent is used to render the capsule opaque: A. titanium dioxide C. Magnesium oxide E. lactose B. Sorbitol D. Silica 12. The following statement/s is/are true for soft gelatin capsules (SGC): I. SGC is made of gelatin to which glycerin or a polyhydric alcohol has been added. II. Methyl parabens can be used as preservatives to retard microbial growth. III.SCGs can be prepared using the “punch” method and also require opaquants to reduce transparency and render characteristics feature to the capsule shell. A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III B. III only D. II and III 13. Types of liquids that may be encapsulated into soft gelatin capsules include the following: I. II. III.

Vegetable and aromatic oils Propylene glycol Polyethylene glycols A. I only C. I and II

E. I, II and III

B. III only D. II and III 14. Substances added to capsules must possess the following characteristic/s: I. II. III.

Are harmless in the quantities used Do not exceed the minimum amounts required to provide their intended effect Do not impair the product’s bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy or safety A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III B. III only D. II and III 15. These are compressed tablets coated with substances that resist dissolution in gastric fluid but integrate in the intestine. I. II.

Film-coated tablets Sugar-coated tablets A. I only C. I and II B. III only D. II and III

III.

Enteric-coated tablets

E. I, II and III

16. This type of coating imparts the same general characteristics as sugar coating with the added advantage of greatly reduced time period required for the coating operation. I. Enteric coating III. Film coating II. Single-layer coating A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III B. III only D. II and III 17. These tablets were originally used by physicians in the extemporaneous preparation of parenteral solutions. I. Chewable tablets III. Hypodermic tablets II. Dispensing tablets A. I only C. I and II E. I, II and III D. II and III B. III only 18. Enteric-coated tablets have the following characteristic/s: I. Have delayed-release features II. The containing system used should only be aqueous-based and not organicsolvent based to resist the breakdown in gastric fluids III. Are intended to pass through the stomach intact to disintegrate and release their drug-content for absorption along the intestines C. I and III A. I only E. I, II and III B. II & III D. III only 19. Example of materials used in enteric coating includes: I. Shellac III. Polyvinyl acetate phthalate II. Cellulose acetate phthalate A. I only C. II only E. I, II and III B. I and II D. II and III 20. The following statement/s is/are true for compressed tablets: I. These are tablets formed by compression and may contain other special coating if desired.

II.

Tablet diameters and shapes are determined by the die and punches used in the compression of the tablet. III. They are made from powdered, crystalline or granular materials, alone or in combination with binders, disintegrants, controlled-release polymers, lubricants, diluents and colorants. A. I only C. II only E. I, II and III D. II and III B. I and II 21. This is a method of preparing tablets in which the powder mixture is compacted in large pieces and subsequently broken down or sized into granules. C. Direct compression A. Wet granulation B. Dry granulation 22. For some granular chemicals like potassium chloride, this method of preparation is of an advantage to use. A. Wet granulation B. Dry granulation C. Direct compression 23. The problems most commonly encountered during direct compression include: I. Capping III. Lamination II. Splitting D. III only A. I only B. II and III E. I, II and III C. I and III 24. For chemicals which do not possess cohesive and free-following properties, the following excipients could be used to impart necessary qualities for the production of tablets b direct compression. I. Spray-dried lactose III. Fume silicon dioxide II. Magnesium stearate A. I only D. II only E. I, II and III B. I and II C. II and III 25. The following statement/s is/are true for wet granulation method: I. Liquid binder is added to the powder mixture to facilitate the adhesion of the powder particles II. Over-wetting of the powder can result in granules that are too soft for proper tableting and under-wetting can result in tablets that are too hard III. Granules may be dried in thermostatically controlled ovens which constantly record the time, temperature and humidity. E. I, II, III C. I & III A. I only D. II & III B. I & II 26. Lubricants contribute to the preparation of compressed tablets by: I. Improving the flow of granulation in the hopper to die cavity II. Preventing the adhesion of the tablet formulation to the punches and dies during compression III. Reducing friction between the tablet and die wall during the tablet’s ejection from the tablet machine A. I only B. I & II C. I & III

D. II & III E. I, II, III 27. A fluid-bed granulator performs which of the following steps? I. II. III.

Preblends the formulation powder, including active ingredients, fillers, disintegrants, in a bed by fluidized air. Granulates the mixture by spraying onto the fluidized powder bed, suitable liquid binder, as an aqueous solution of acacia, hydroxypropyl cellulose or povidone Drying the granulated product to the desired moisture content

A. I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. I & II D. II & III 28. Dry granulation: Used for tablet I. Ingredients that is sensitive to moisture or unable to withstand elevated temperature during drying II. One of the constituents, either the active ingredient or the diluents, must have cohesive properties III. Includes more number of steps than wet granulation A. I only C. I & III E. I, II, III D. II & III B. I & II 29. Aspirin, which is hydrolyzed on exposure to moisture, is prepared into tablet using the dry granulation method. Other drugs which should be prepared using this process include: I. Ascorbic acid II. Methenamine III. Thiamine HCl A. I only E. I, II, III C. I & III B. I & II D. II & III 30. This process is a form of pelletization, which refers to the formation of spherical particles from wet granulations. A. Spheronization C. Compaction E. Double B. Slugging D. Precompression compression 31. This method consists of bringing together a highly dispersed liquid and a sufficient volume of hot air to produce evaporation and drying of the liquid droplets. C. Spray chilling E. Dry heating A. Spray drying B. Spray congealing D. Moist heating 32. Spray-dried powder particles possess the following characteristic/s: I. They are homogenous, approximately spherical in shape and nearly uniform in size. II. Have low bulk density with rapid rate of solution III. Preparation is less economical than other processes A. I only B. III only C. I & II

D. II & III E. I, II, III 33. This the only carbohydrate used in the preparation of compressed tablet which possesses high heat stability. A. lactose C. sucrose E. fructose B. mannitol D. starch 34. The following statement/s is/are true used in the preparation of sugar-free chewable tablets? I. Mannitol is used as the excipient in most chewable tablets. II. These tablets are formulated to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth with or without active chewing. III. These tablets are particularly useful for children and adults who have difficulty swallowing other solid dosage forms E. I, II, III A. I only C. I & III B. I & II D. II & III 35. Which excipient/s is/are used in the preparation of sugar-free chewable tablets? I. Lactose II. Dextrose III. Xylitol C. I & II A. I only E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 36. Tablet coating has the following advantage/s: I. Protect the medicinal agent destructive exposure to air and/or humidity II. Mask the unpleasant taste of the drug III. Provide special characteristics of drug release E. I, II, III A. I only C. II & III B. I & II D. I & III 37. Film coated tablets possess the following characteristic/s: I. Less resistant to destruction by abrasion than are sugar coated tablets II. Coating may be colored to make tablets attractive and distinctive III. Film-coating solutions may be non-aqueous or aqueous E. III only A. I only C. II only B. I & II D. II & III 38. This substance provides water solubility or permeability to the film to ensure penetration by body fluids and therapeutic availability of the drug. A. alloying substance C. film former E. glossant B. Plasticizer D. surfactant 39. Problems encountered on the use of aqueous based film coating solution include: I. Slow evaporation of the solvent-based solutions II. Expensive as compared to volatile solvents III. Increased likelihood of water interference with the tablet formulation

A.I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 40. AQUACOAT is a commercially available water-based colloidal coating dispersion which contains 30% ethyl cellulose pseudolatex. Pseudolatex dispersion has: I. A high solid content for greater coating activity II. Low viscosity which allows less water to be used in the coating dispersion III. Low viscosity which permits greater coat penetration into the crevices of monogrammed or scored tablets C. I & III A.I only E. I, II, III D. II & III B. III only 41. This is a problem often encountered in film coating process characterized by roughness of the tablet surface due to failure of spray droplets to coalesce. E. bridging C. orange-peel effect A. peeling D. mottling B. picking 42. This problem corresponds to the filling-in of the score line or indented logo on the tablet by the film. A. peeling C. orange-peel effect E. bridging B. picking D. mottling 43. This problem is characterized by the appearance of small amounts of film fragments flaking from the tablet surface. C. orange-peel effect E. bridging A. peeling D. mottling B. picking 44. The following statement/s is/are true for pills: I. Are small, round, solid dosage form containing a medicinal agents and intended to be administered orally II. Have been replaced today by compressed tablets and capsules III. Are placed in the mouth, where they dissolve slowly, liberating the active ingredient A. I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 45. These are forms of oral medication which are discoid-shaped solids containing the medicinal agent in a suitably flavored base. I. Troches II. Pastilles III. Lozenges E. I, II, III A. I only C. I & III B. III only D. II & III 46. The following drug is/are available in pellet forms: I. Testosterone III. Desoxycorticoster II. Estradiol one A. I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 47. This type of dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency to that presented by a conventional dosage form.

A. Extended-release C. Repeat action E. Targeted release B. Delayed-release D. Modified-release 48. This type dosage form is designed to release the drug form at a time other than promptly after administration. C. Repeat action E. Targeted release A. Extended-release D. Modified-release B. Delayed-release 49. The following statement/s hold/s true for extended-release dosage forms: I. There is reduction in drug blood level fluctuations. II. There is frequency reduction in dosing III. There is reduction in terms of adverse side effects. A. I only C. II only E. I, II, III B. I & II D. II & III 50. In general, the drugs best suited for incorporation into an extended-release product have the following characteristic/s: I. Exhibit either very slow or very fast rates of absorption and excretion II. Are uniformly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract III. Used in the treatment of acute rather than chronic conditions C. II only E. III only A. I only D. II & III B. I & II 51. This is process by which solids, liquids or even gases may be encapsulated into miscroscopic size particles through the formation of thin coating of “wall” material around the substance being encapsulated. I. II. III.

Microencapsulation Microscoencapsulation Micromeritics

A. I only C. I & II E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 52. The following statement/s is/are true when embedding drug in inert plastic matrix: I. The drug is granulated with an inert plastic material such as polyethylene and the granulation is compressed into tablets II. The drug is rapidly released from the inert plastic matrix by diffusion. III. The compression of the tablet creates the matrix or plastic form that retains its shape during the leaching of the drug and through its passage through the alimentary tract. A. I only C. II only E. I, II, III D. I & III B. I & II 53. The effectiveness of the hydrophilic matrix systems is based on the successive processes of: I. Hydration of the cellulose polymer II. Gel formation on the polymer’s surface III. Tablet erosion and subsequent and continuous release of the drug E. I, II, III A. I only C. I & III B. III only D. II & III 54. Which of the following statement/s on drug release form the dosage form is correct:

I.

The release of the drug in a drug-resin complex is dependent upon the pH of the GIT only. II. The release of the drug in a drug-resin complex is dependent upon the pH and the electrolyte concentration in the GIT. III. Release is less in the acidity of the stomach than in the less acidic environment of the small intestines. A. Only the first statement is true B. Only the second statement is true C. The first two statements are true D. The last two statement are true E. All the true 55. These tablets are prepared so that an initial dose of drug is released immediately followed later by a second dose. E. Targeted release C. Repeat action A. Extended-release D. Modified-release B. Delayed-release 56. The following statement/s is/are true for ophthalmic inserts: I. Eliminates the problem of rapid loss of administered drug due to the blinking of the eye and flushing of lacrimal fluids II. The rate of drug diffusions is controlled by the polymer composition, membrane thickness, and solubility of the drug. III. Ocusert and lacrisert are example of ophthalmic inserts A. I only C. I & II E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 57. These are solid dosage forms which are designed to be inserted under the skin by special injectors or by surgical incision. A. Implants C. Plasters E. Troches B. Cachets D. Pills 58. The following should be observed in the use of oral modified-release dosage forms: I. These products should not be crushed or chewed. II. Nonerodible plastic matrix shells and osmotic tablets remain intact throughout GI transmit and empty shell or “ghost” from osmotic tablets may be seen in stool III. Patients being fed by enteral nutrition through a nasogastric feeding tube should not receive this type of drug. C. I & II A. I only E. I, II, III B. III only D. II & III 59. The release of a drug from an oral dosage form may be intentionally delayed until it reaches the intestines for several reasons. The purpose may be: A. to protect the drug destroyed by gastric fluids B. to reduce gastric distress caused by drugs particularly irritating to the stomach C. to facilitate GI transit for drugs which are better absorbed from the intestines D. A & B only E. AOTA 60. It is the most common “wall” forming material used in microencapsulation. C. dextrose E. starch A. lactose D. sorbitol B. gelatin 61. The following statement/s is/are true for ointments:

I.

These are semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. II. They may be medicated or nonmedicated III. Nonmedicated ointments are used as protectants, emollients or lubricants. A. I only C. II & III E. I, II, III B. I & II D. III only 62. The following statement/s is/are true for hydrocarbon bases: I. Also termed as oleaginous bases II. Have an emollient effect and are effective as occlusive dressing III. Permit the incorporation of powdered substances with the use of a levigating agent A. I only C. II & III E. I, II, III B. I & II D. III only 63. Yellow ointment is an example of D. Water-removable A. Hydrocarbon base base B. Oleaginous base C. Absorption base E. A& B 64. The following ointment base/s is/are classified as hydrocarbon base/s: I. Petrolatum II. White ointment III. Polyethylene Glycol Ointment A.I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. I & II D. III only 65. Petrolatum, USP is: A. A purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbons from petroleum that has been wholly or nearly decolorized B. Also known as Yellow ointment C. Is also known as white Vaseline D. Water-soluble E. Water-washable 66. Yellow ointment USP is: I. Also called as “Simple Ointment” II. Has Yellow wax and petrolatum as the main ingredients III. Bleached and purified wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee, Apis mellifera E. I, II, III A. I only C. I & III D. III only B. I & II 67. The following statement/s is/are true for absorption bases: These bases permit the incorporation of aqueous solution resulting in the formation of water-in-oil emulsions These bases are not easily removed from the skin with water These bases may be used as emollient although they do not provide the degree of occlusions afforded by hydrocarbon bases. A. I only C. I & III E. I, II, III B. I & II D. II & III 68. Hydrophilic petrolatum is:

A. Hydrocarbon base B. Oleaginous base C. Absorption base D. Water-removable base E. Water-soluble 69. Lanolin USP: I. Is cl...