Diabetes Study Guide PDF

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Diabetes...

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Diabetes Complete the questions below as a study guide for yourself as they pertain to the objectives for this topic. These questions will also help you with the synchronous or asynchronous activity for this topic. Questions: 1. Distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by comparing and contrasting their definitions, bodily effects, warning signs, target groups, and current treatments.

Type 1 Diabetes • Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (insulin produced here) by T cells = not preventable • Presents rapidly, usually in kids • Sudden weight loss, 3 P’s (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia), fatigue, frequency of infections • Always requires treatment with insulin • 10% of diabetics are Type 1 Type 2 Diabetes • • • • •

Pancreas is still producing insulin, but in insufficient amounts, poorly used by the tissues or both = preventable Onset is usually gradual, middle age Accelerated by obesity, sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. Genetics can play a factor. 3 P’s, fatigue, recurrent infections, vision problems, prolonged wound healing 90% of diabetics are type 2 Rates are higher among blacks (12.7%) and Hispanics (12.1%) than among whites (7.4%) and Asians (8%)

2. List the target goals for blood glucose from your medical surgical book. Memorize these values.

A1C between 6.5-7% 74-106 mg/dL

3. Know the function of insulin and its involvement with diabetes. List the types of insulins and the peak, onset, and duration. Please ONLY use your medical surgical book for these values. This will be tested on and you will need to memorize these values.

Insulin is the hormone produced by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, it normally secretes into the blood in the first hour or two after eating (peak at about 1 hour), it promotes glucose transport across the cell membrane to the cytoplasm of the cell to be used for energy. 4. Discuss the role of medical nutrition therapy and the benefit of increased activity.

It is to help people with diabetes make healthy food choices that will allow them to achieve/maintain healthy blood glucose levels, often improved with weight loss of 5-7% Increased activity can decrease insulin resistance, the need for meds, reduces triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, increases HDL, reduces BP and improves circulation

5. Discuss the role of diabetes self-management education in assisting patients with type 2 diabetes to make the necessary behavioral changes to manage their disease.

Patients who actively manage their diabetes and feel like they are part of the treatment “team” usually have much better outcomes than those who don’t. 6. Describe the routine primary care follow-up for a patient with type 2 diabetes.

They will monitor the A1C and other labs, follow the progress towards the goals of weight loss, nutrition and exercise, check if any meds need adjustments and monitor patient compliance....