Disaster readiness and risk reduction PDF

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 2 - Module 6 – Week 1 Hydro- Meteorological Hazards . Lesson 1 Hydro-Meteorological Hazards Phenomena What I need to know Many organizations around the world have different programs that addressed the different studies concerning to the natural hazards o...

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Disa Disaster ster Re Readin adin adine ess aand nd Risk R Reduc educ eduction tion Qua Quarter rter 2 - M Modu odu odule le 6 – W Week eek 1 Hy Hydrodro- M Mete ete eteorolo orolo orologic gic gical al Ha Hazard zard zardss . Lesso Lesson n1H Hydro-M ydro-M ydro-Meteo eteo eteorolo rolo rologica gica gicall Ha Haza za zards rds PPheno heno henom mena Wha Whatt I need to kno know w Many organizations around the world have different programs that addressed the different studies concerning to the natural hazards of hydro-meteorological phenomena and how to attenuate their effects. Among these hazards that results from the natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature - are floods, tropical cyclones, drought and desertification. Climate change has a big impact of these natural hazards expected to rise. So much more about climate change, let may ask you about this.” Have you already encountered the words hydro -meteorological phenomena? What comes in your mind if you heard that words? What are the effects or hazard of these phenomena in our lives? Can you identify each hazard from one another? Before, we proceed to further discussion on hydrometeorological hazard. Let us find first where the words hydro-meteorological come from? Hydro means water. Meteorological is a phenomena that are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Reme Rememb mb mber er this this!! !! !!!!! !!! Meteorology is a branch of science that deals with the study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Hydrology is the study of water on the surface of land, in soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere, particularly with respect to evaporation and precipitation. Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric water especially precipitation, as it affects agriculture, watersupply, food control, power generation, etc. it pertains to the occurrence motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water ( Disaster Reduction Resource Manuak,2008). Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words and terminologies commonly used related to hydro-meteorological hazard. How do we do this? Let us perform Ac Activity tivity 1 : Find th the e WO WORD RD

Cyclo Cyclone, ne, Typ Typhoo hoo hoon n or H Hurric urric urrican an ane e - The most prevailing type of hydro-meteorological hazards in the country is typhoon and its sequential effects of rain and windstorms, as well as floods. What is typhoon? Have you heard the word cyclone and hurricane? Are the terms cyclone, typhoon and hurricane similar?

Aerial Image of Cyclone ( Hurricane Ivan Sept. 2014 ) CYCLONE? TYPHOON?: HURRICANE? Those three words are similar they are all tropical cyclone but they just use distinctive terms for a storm in different parts of the world. A cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong spiral winds towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere. Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating intense wind, rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of storm, but they happen in different places. Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii and Asia (northwest Pacific). Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United States and Central America (northeast Pacific) Study the table below. It shows the Modified Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) in the Philippines. Familiarize it.

As a student and as citizen in the country you must be aware of the PSWS for you to be prepared in times typhoon or strong typhoon comes. Each PSWS has its corresponding wind speed lead time and the impacts it brings. It is also the basis for the suspension of classes in differently levels. To the area with no storm signal, it is then the discretion of the Local Government Units personnel to suspend or not to suspend the class. Below is the automatic suspension guidelines released by the Department of Education on the suspension of classes per reference to DepEd Order No. 43 series of 2012 stipulated in Executive Order No 66 series of 2012. You should follow what the Local Government ordered in times of disaster. It is important to listen a news on TV or in radio. As PSWS is issued an information regarding typhoon or cyclone, you should be aware on what are expected and Plan the steps are you going to go through. Constant listening to the latest weather update is highly advised. Color coding is usually uttered by the weather specialist. For you to have a clear understanding about the color-coded rainfall advisories, study the color coded rainfall advisories.

Ac Activity tivity 1 Reflec Reflection tion Tim Time!! e!! e!!!!! !!! Instruction; Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the following questions. 1. What can I do to prepare for a disaster in my community? 2. How can I help others affected by disasters? Lesso Lesson n2H Hydro-m ydro-m ydro-meteo eteo eteorolo rolo rologica gica gicall Ha Hazard zard Ma Maps ps Have you heard about hazard map? Have you seen one? If not, then it is time for you to see and locate your place and try to check if you are located in a hazardous area or not. It is important to know the location where you are living for the safety of your family. a. Here is the Geohazard map of the Province of Bukdinon ( Landslide and Flood)

A map shown on is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Bukidnon Province . For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend. Places highlighted with YELLOW and WHITE color means Low susceptibility on flooding and debris flow . GREEN and VIOLET is MODERATE susceptibility to landslide while RED and BLUE color is HIGH susceptibility to landslide and flooding and ORANGE and DARK BLUE is very high suspecibility to landslide and flooding. b.A map shown on the next page is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Misamis Oriental where Cagayan de Oro is located and Bukidnon Province.Can you locate Cagayan de Oro City? For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend.

Any site in our place has different kind of soil. Soil has a vital role to point out the place where prone to disaster especially the landslide . The next map shown the different type of soil located to the different places of Bukidnon Province, Misamis Oriental and in Cagayan de Oro. Look at the figure below and try to identify what kind of soil is the place where your house is built. Use the legend below the map.

Wha Whatt I Can Do 1. Using the map above (You may ask the students to have the map enlarged). 2. Ask the students to interpret the hazard maps of Cagayan de Oro City and: a. locate the landslide prone and flood-prone barangays in Cagayan de Oro City; & b. list or group the barangays according to the kind of soil. 3. Let the students write their Reflection in their reflective journal. Lesso Lesson n 3 Ava Availab ilab ilable le To Tools ols for Mon Monitorin itorin itoringg H Hydro ydro ydro-mete -mete -meteorolo orolo orologic gic gical al H Haza aza azards rds Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and mitigated if the capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the community’s capacity is by constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring can only be done if there are experts who will do the monitoring and of course with the use of monitoring tools. Now, what are the available tools used in monitoring hydro-meteorological hazards? That is one of the roles of the local government to provide a necessary tools for disasters.

The color coded alert is very easy to memorize just like the traffic lights. When the weather specialist will give the advisory that the alert level is YELLOW, it signifies that residents should be on the ‘READY’ status. When the Orange alert level is issued, the 39 residents should be on the “Get Set” status. Residents should move when the RED alert level is issued. Other colors are also used by the CDRRMC for alert levels as signal for the public and these are WHITE, BLUE and RED. For its corresponding meaning, refer to the table below.

Ac Activity tivity 44:: A Apply pply an and d Do Wh What at Yo You u KKnow now . Instruction: Identify and discuss the use of the available monitoring tools for hydro meteorological in your community. Tell the location where the tools located. Let u uss su summa mma mmarize rize rize… …

1. Hydrology is the study of water on the surface of land, in soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere, particularly with respect to evaporation and precipitation. 2. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and physical processes of interaction with the Earth's crust, oceans and outer space. (Disaster Resource Manual, 2008). 3. Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric water especially precipitation, as it affects agriculture, water supply, food control, power generation, etc. It pertains to the occurrence, motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water (Disaster Reduction Resource Manual, 2008). 4. Cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong spiral winds towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere. 5. Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating intense wind, rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of storm, but they happen in different places. Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii and Asia. Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United States and Central America. 6. Hazards associated with Tropical Cyclones: 1. Strong Wind 2. Excessive Rainfall/Flood 3. Storm surges in coastal areas 4. Landslide 5. Thunderstorm 7. La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface temperatures that cause heavy rainfall while El Niño refers to the abnormal warming of sea surface temperatures in the Pacific, which causes droughts and below-normal rainfall. It has brought losses to Philippine agriculture. Approximately, La Nina is the opposite of El Nino. Each El Nino or La Nina episode usually lasts for several seasons (Disaster Reduction Resource Manual, 2008) 8. Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and mitigated if the capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the community’s capacity is by constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring can only be done if there are experts who will do the monitoring and of course with the use of monitoring tools. 9. The following tools for monitoring the hydro-meteorological hazard. 1. Rain Gauge 2. Stream Gauge. Wha Whatt to do after (Po (Post st test) test)… … Direction: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the best answer in a separate sheet of paper. 1. What do you call the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered with water? A. Canal C. Stream B. Flood D. Overflow 2. What will you do if it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily raining for several days? A. Stay calm and relax. C. Be alert to the possibility of B. Prepare your emergency kit. a flood. D. Get your evacuation supply kit and evacuate immediately. 3. When you are in or along stream channels, you must be A. calm and relaxed for you to enjoy your trip. C. aware of distant events B. always bringing the emergency kit with you. D. go back home and prepare for evacuation 4. It indicates that a hazardous event is occurring or is imminent in about 30 minutes to an hour. A. NEWS B. WATCH C. FORECAST D. WARNING 5. What should the persons in authority do for areas prone to flooding? I. Publish evacuation routes. II. Periodically inform the community of local public warning system. III. Contact the local/national weather service office or emergency management agency for information on local flood warning system. A. I only B. II only C. I & II only D. I, II & III 6. Why is it important for a community to be prepared in all hazards and calamities? A. To extend support to all the victims B. To save lives and prevent further damage to property. C. To help ourselves from all the hazards brought about by any disaster. D. To take the opportunity of receiving aid and support from the LGUs, NGOs and other agencies. 7. What will you do if you are driving during a flood? I. Just continue driving. II. Avoid already flooded areas and areas subject to sudden flooding. III. Turn around and find another route that will lead you to higher ground...