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Examining the influence which social inclusion and status has on narcissism.

Abstract (something about how narcissism has mostly been studied focusing on individuals being more or less narcissistic…) this study tested whether narcissism has a psychologically meaningful state component in relation to social status and social inclusion. Using a daily diary methodology and multilevel modelling (N= 345, 230 female; 94 male; Mage = 27.5, SD = ) this study examined fluctuations in daily state narcissism and tested whether these fluctuations systematically relate to social inclusion and social status. Social status was found to positively track daily narcissism. Interestingly, social inclusion was initially found to positively track narcissism however after controlling for self-esteem, it was clear that there was no significant relationship between social inclusion and daily narcissism. These findings suggest that ____.

Introduction Hypothesis: The current study is based on two hypotheses: social status will positively

predict narcissism, and social inclusion will not positively predict narcissism. Rationale: To compliment the hierometer theory, and add to emerging research that narcissism has psychologically meaningful within-person variability.

Method.

Design An online daily diary methodology was used to measure the effects of the independent variable social validation (measured at the levels of social inclusion and social status) on narcissism (assessed at the levels of trait narcissism and state narcissism.) Participants

A community sample of ____ participants were used (males = ; females = ). Some participants were students at the University of Roehampton who were recruited via SONA so that they could gain credit for participation. Other participants were found advertisement in the university, and social media. Age range or mean age _____. Materials Questionnaires were administered by Qualtrics (Qualtrics®, Provo, UT). The Narcisstic Personality Inventory (NPI) was used to measure narcissism, the NPI-40 was used in the first baseline questionnaire to asses an individuals trait narcissism, and the shorter version NPI-16 was used for the rest of the days to measure participants state narcissism. The scale used to measure social inclusion was ____. And the scale used to measure social status is _____. All statistical analyses were carried

out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v21 (IBM, New York, USA.) [also need to look on template as there is more I need to add about range of scores and what the high or low score relates to etc.] Procedure

Obtaining informed consent from participants was the first step in the study procedure. Participants were required to complete a questionnaire each day for 11 days in total. When a participant signs up to the study they provide their e-mail address, phone number and student ID (if applicable) which must be logged. At 4pm the researcher will send, via e-mail, a link for the baseline questionnaire ‘Day 0’. A text reminder with the same link will be sent to the participant at 9pm. Once the participant has completed ‘Day 0’, the following day they will receive an e-mail at 4pm, and a text reminder at 9pm with the link for ‘Day 1’ and this will continue for the following 10 days. At the end of the Day 10 questionnaire, participants are provided with a debrief. The duration of the Day ‘0’ baseline questionnaire was 30-40 minutes, and for the subsequent 10 days the duration of the questionnaire was 10-15 minutes. Results Discussion Blue =Giacomin & Jordan 2016. WAX AND WANE OF NARCISSISM. In addition, state narcissism might have led people to perceive greater occurrence of positive outcomes for te self (John & Robbins 1994) This might help to further explain why state narcissism was positively related to… (Giacomin & Jordan 2016) Implications: there are clearly stable individual differences in grandiose narcissism, but our findings suggest there s also meaningful situational variability in grandiose narcissism. Thus, narcissism might be better understood, in part, through contex-dependant models of personality (Cervone & Shoda 1999; Mischel & Shoda 1995). Howveer, a model that acknowledges both the structural and process elements of narcissism may be most useful. Narcisssism might thus be conceptualised I nterms of density distributions (Fleeson 2001), by which people have a characteristic mean level around which they characteristically vary. This conceptualisation of narcissism may allow naricccism research to advance in new directions. Recognition of a state component of narcissism may also facilitate research into the causes and consequences of narcissism. The consequences of narcissism might be similarily studied by inducing people to behave more or less narcissistically(i.e in a more arrogant,grandiose and entitled manner. Such studies could suggest wether changes in state narcissism cause changes in other psychological constructs such as well-being, stress and positive or negative affect. Narcissism is associative with positive psychological outcomes (Sedikides et al 2004) but is also associated with numerous maladaptive qualities, high narcissists are more dishonest, greedier, more insincere, and more antisocial than less narssistic indiciduals (Miller and Maples, 2010) It is important to understand intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics f narcissism. The present study observed significant within-person variability in state narcissism over short durations. This variability, moreober, was psychologically meaningful, as it systematically related to experiences of… Our results support the possibility that narcissism has a process or state component. Though some people are, in general, more narcissistic than others, it may also be the case that everyone can be more or less narcissistic across different times or situations. Understanding the factors that contribute to such variability may help us to better understand narcissism.

Giacomin and Jordan – self focused and feeling fine

ugh using a well-validated narcissism scale increased confidence that we assessed normal grandiose nar- cissism, it also may have restricted the amount of within-person variability observed in daily narcissism. Personality states have typically been studied with rating scales and brief adjective- based assessments of personality dimensions (e.g., extroversion; Fleeson, 2001). Brief adjective ratings may allow people to more sensitively report changes in their behavior compared to the NPI-16 which requires participants to make forced-cho

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Research on narcissism has begun to move beyond investigating the structural or trait components of narcissism toward exploring narcissim as a personality process or state (e.g Giacomin & Jordan 2016) . the current research sought to replicate and extend past findings by quantifying the degree of within-person variability in state narcissism using a new sample of participants. We also examined the extent to which daily fluctuations in narcissism systematically relate to variability in subjective well-being. Our findings also demonstrate that this variability is meaningful and not simply random error. These findings are theoretically important because they suggest that state narcissism may have grandiose and vulnerable expressions, as is the case for trait narcissism Our results also suggest the importance of carefully choosing a measure of state narcissim. One limitation of the current research is that state narcissism was assessed only once a day. Previous studies of personality states have typically included multiple personality assessments per day (Fleeson 2001, 2007). This might limit the degree of within-person variability we were able to observe in daily narcissism. Given that a primary goal of the current study was to examine multiple measures of state narcissism, we believed that administering multiple assessments per day would have been overly burdensome to participants and might have caused greater attrition. The fact that we only measured narcissism at one time point per day, may contribute to the modest amounts of within-person variability we observesed for narcissism (ranging from 26% to 33% see also Giacomin and Jordan 2016) Although, some people are more characteristically narcissistic than others, we may all have the capacity to to be more or less narcissitic at different times. The current study replicates and extends past research examining the degree of within-person variability in state narcissism. We observed a modest but meaningful degree of withinperson variability. Across each oth the measures however on days when people displayed greater state narcissism they also tended to experience greater subjective well being specifically higher life satisfication and more positive affect. These results provide further evidence that state narcissism is psychologically meaningful and associated with other psychological states. We hope that these findings encourage further research that conceptualises narcissism in terms of density distributions (fleeson, 2001) in which people have a characteristic level and dispersion of narcissism Ackowledging the process or state componenet of narcissism can advance narcissism research in new directions and provide novel insights into the antecedents and consequences of narcissism....