dissertation report: Tiny House PDF

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CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION: AN APPROACHTO SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGSGuide: Parul SharmaCoordinator: Himanshu Sanghani, Madhur PrakashTHESIS IN ARCHITECTURE2021-Submitted by:ANKITA THUKRAL170BARCHI069/SSAA/B./SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND ARCHITECTURELIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES/ ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 27: Pattern on boun...

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CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION: AN APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

Guide:

Parul Sharma

Coordinator: Himanshu Sanghani, Madhur Prakash

THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE 2021-2022

Submitted by:

ANKITA THUKRAL 170BARCHI069/SSAA/B.Arch./17

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavour. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project. I am ineffably indebted to Mrs Tanaya Verma and Dr. Parul Munjal (Coordinator) for

the

conscientious

guidance

and

encouragement

to

accomplish

this

assignment. I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty guide Ms. Parul Sharma for her valuable guidance and support for completion of this project. I extend my gratitude to Sushant School of Art and Architecture for giving me this opportunity. I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and member of my family, who have always supported me morally as well as economically. At last, I would like to thank my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to complete this project report.

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

LIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES/ ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Methodology flowchart............................................................................2 Figure 2: Illustration on increasing urbanization....................................................4 Figure 3: Increase in size of house over the years.................................................5 Figure 4: Decrease in household size over the years.............................................5 Figure 5: Tiny house illustration.............................................................................6 Figure 6: (a) Tiny house on wheels

(b) Tiny house on foundation.....................7

Figure 7: Car haulers............................................................................................10 Figure 8: Deck over trailers..................................................................................10 Figure 9: custom bumper pull trailer....................................................................11 Figure 10: Gooseneck trailer................................................................................11 Figure 11: Slab on grade foundation....................................................................11 Figure 12: Perimeter stem wall foundation..........................................................12 Figure 13: Pad-and-pier foundation......................................................................12 Figure 14: Internal zoning of Alpha......................................................................18 Figure 15: Wall permeability................................................................................ 18 Figure 16: Flexibility in furniture to change the function of the space.................19 Figure 17: Flexibility of changing the wall configuration......................................19 Figure 18: Koda tiny house.................................................................................. 20 Figure 19: Plan and section of Koda house showing space division.....................20 Figure 20: Plan of dwelling in Patel Nagar............................................................21 Figure 21: Front elevation of dwelling..................................................................21 Figure 22: (a) Multifoiled arch (b) Chabutra.......................................................22 Figure 23: Zoning inside the house......................................................................22 Figure 24: (a) Ornamented column (b) Bracket for jaal......................................23 Figure 25: (a) Front elevation of the house (b) Roshandans on the windows.......23 Figure 26: Open areas and cortyard inside the house..........................................23

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

Figure 27: Pattern on boundary wall and railing..................................................24 Figure 28: Yamuna apartments............................................................................ 24 Figure 29: External brick and structure................................................................25 Figure 30: headquarter building...........................................................................26 Figure 31: Jaali and window................................................................................. 26 Figure 32: (a) balcony structure (b) material and design.....................................27

ABSTRACT The world greatly depends on fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy recourses which has resulted in increase of greenhouse gas emissions especially CO2 and methane. As the global average temperatures have already increased by 1.50 C and most of the thresholds have already been breached, there is a dire need to cut down the CO2 emissions. Building sector can play a major role in achieving this as the building industry contributes up to 40% of these emissions. This can be done by transitioning towards carbon neutral or zero carbon building framework. A shift ’cradle-to-cradle’ approach which follows circular construction methods should be used to transform the negative impacts of buildings to a positive footprint rather than a ‘cradle-to-grave’ practice we see generally. The cradle-tocradle or C2C is an ecologically intelligent approach to architecture and industry that involves materials, buildings and patterns of settlement which are wholly healthful and restorative. It focuses on organic-origin materials and advanced technological systems adopted for building envelope that uses natural resources such as wind, water, vegetation and sun as fundamental materials of construction. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a framework for high energy performance buildings with lower carbon embodiment coupled with energy efficiency and passive design strategies which causes minimum depletion of resource. The research focuses on identifying different non-conventional and low carbon embodies materials that can be substituted and examine these materials by processes like life cycle assessment.

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

KEY WORDS: Circular construction, Energy efficient building, net-zero energy building, carbon neutral building, cradle-to-cradle, climate change, C2C.

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………… …….i List of Tables/Illustrations/Figures……………………………………………………………………….i i Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………… …iii LIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES/ ILLUSTRATIONS...........................................................iv ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................. v Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................1 1.1: Research Question....................................................................................... 1 1.2: Aim.............................................................................................................. 1 1.3: Objective..................................................................................................... 1 1.4: Methodology................................................................................................ 1 1.4.1: Primary Research.................................................................................................................1 1.4.2: Secondary Research.............................................................................................................2 1.5: Scope and Limitations.................................................................................3 1.6: Present and Future Scenarios......................................................................3 Chapter 2: Literature Review................................................................................. 4 2.1: Housing Status in Delhi...............................................................................4 2.1: What is a Tiny House?.................................................................................6 2.2: What is Tiny House movement?..................................................................7 2.2.1: History/Origin of the Tiny house movement........................................................................7 2.3: Why do people shift to Tiny?.......................................................................8 2.4: Why people may be hesitant on shifting to Tiny living in India....................9 Chapter 3: Components and Innovations.............................................................10 3.1: Trailer........................................................................................................ 10 3.2: Foundation................................................................................................. 11 3.3: Wall............................................................................................................ 12 3.4: Insulation................................................................................................... 13

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

3.5: Sheathing.................................................................................................. 16 3.6: Roofing...................................................................................................... 16 3.7: Flooring..................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 4: Case examples...................................................................................18 4.1: Tiny houses...........................................................................................................................18 4.2: Case studies of architectural style of Delhi:..........................................................................21 Chapter 5: Analysis.............................................................................................. 28 Chapter 6: Conclusion.......................................................................................... 30 Bibliography......................................................................................................... 31

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

1

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1: Research Question How can cradle-to-cradle approach towards architecture coupled with energy efficiency help in reducing the overall carbon footprint of a building?

1.2: Aim The aim of this research is to propose a framework for a high-performance building using energy efficiency and circular construction to address the issue of climate change.

1.3: Objective The main objectives of this paper include: 

To understand sustainability and the principles and strategies for energy efficiency in a building



To define circular construction and cradle-to-cradle design principles of building design



To identify different non-conventional and low-carbon embodied materials that can be used in construction.

1.4: Methodology 1.4.1: Primary Research 1. Survey will be conducted targeting middle class individuals or family of up to 3 to acquire knowledge to determine factors such as- if they will be willing to live in a tiny house, what qualitative and quantitative aspects do they expect from it, do they want it to be portable or not. 2. Survey or interview people who have been living in tiny houses for a while and knowing the various reasons behind them moving into a tiny house. 3. Getting in touch with professionals and experts who make tiny houses and getting an overview on its concept. 4. Survey will be conducted studying tiny houses in villages to know about what lessons from tiny living in villages can be taken and applied to a tiny house for middle class family. Also, how and what all elements or spaces in a house matter to them the most.

Dissertation | TITLE | 2016

1.4.2: Secondary Research 1. Literature review on tiny house movement, elements of a tiny house, elements of Indian housing and was done. 2. Case studies on tiny houses and small space architecture were done to know

about

the

materiality,

climatic

analysis

and

elements

or

considerations to be taken while building the tiny house. 3. Case studies on Indian style of houses and tiny houses that have been built in India till now and compare them to tiny houses outside India on the basis of materials, climate and Indian elements.

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

Figure 1: Methodology flowchart

1.5: Scope and Limitations Since, India is a very socially and culturally diverse country, every region has its own tradition and values. People have different lifestyles in different regions and communities. For a tiny house to be built in India, it will have to respond to the different surrounding and cultural aspects and also help in affordability and quality of life and respond to different locations, surroundings and the site conditions. The study focuses only on the physical design aspects of a tiny home only for Delhi on three aspects stated below: 1.

Climate

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

2.

Building material

3.

Architectural style

1.6: Present and Future Scenarios The paper will also highlight the present and future scenarios of the tiny house by exploring its part in sustainability, affordability or financial stability, portability and flexibility which can be achieved in a tiny house. This will urge the need for new style of housing which can be more sustainable and affordable. The tiny houses can also help in providing accommodation to college students, help the homeless and give a quick temporary solution for people who lose their homes due to natural hazards like floods or earthquakes.

Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1: Housing Status in Delhi The requirement of housing is growing in the context of the development of knowledge, changes in civilization, people becoming more aware of privacy, sanitation, consciousness of health, environment, infrastructural facilities, etc. [ CITATION Ari08 \l 16393 ] It becomes a rational of better physical as well as infrastructural facilities, which provides a comfortable and easy life. With the discovery of electricity and other infrastructure, housing has become very

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

important. Having electricity, toilet, bathroom, washbasin, etc. within the house itself is very essential. [ CITATION Sun18 \l 16393 ] The house having become a cushty place has changed the old concept of protection from animals and extreme weather. In most of the well-developed nations, the technocrats, as well as the executives bring work to their homes in briefcases and get it done in the home at night. [ CITATION War18 \l 16393 ] With the invention of television, radio, computer, recorded music, etc. the recreational activities within the house have also enhanced considerably. [ CITATION Dav17 \l 16393 ] As per the knowledge a person spends a substantial part of his life within the house. It clearly shows the fact that the house is a part and parcel of a man’s life.

Figure 2: Illustration on increasing urbanization

The population of Delhi is around 27 million, with about 700,000 more joining them each year and predicted to be 43.3 million by the end of 2030 because of the rapid migration of people into the city and growing population. This is creating problems of poorly managed urbanization. [ CITATION UNH001 \l 16393 ] The city is facing shortages of housing, water and power; inadequate transportation; lack of public safety; unemployment and underemployment; increasing traffic; uncollected garbage; and concentrated smog.[ CITATION Mon16 \l 16393 ] This phenomenon is even more significant considering the disproportionate concentration of economic activity that is centred in and around Delhi. Underlying the more obvious causes for this lag are excessive government intervention, lack of investment in infrastructure and skill-building, and

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

fundamental problems in the decision processes that shape the contours of the local political economy. More than half of the land in Delhi is devoted to residential use. Housing, besides being a really basic requirement for the urban people, also holds the key to accelerate the speed of the event of the state. Investment in the construction industry like all other industries features a multiplier effect on income and employment, which successively results in the general development of the economy. [ CITATION Kun13 \l 16393 ] It's estimated that overall employment generation in our economy thanks to the extra investment in housing also as the housing industry is eight times the direct employment. Housing employs a crosssection of individuals, which importantly includes the weaker sections of the society. Housing also provides opportunities for home-based economic activities.

Figure 3: Increase in size of house over the years

At an equivalent time, adequate housing also decides the health status of the occupants. Therefore, on account of the health and income considerations, housing could also be an important tool to alleviate poverty and generate employment. It may be inferred that almost 18 percent of the shortage of housing in urban areas especially in metro cities was existing in Delhi. [ CITATION Dha14 \l 16393 ] an equivalent is taken under consideration congestion and obsolesce factors. If an equivalent isn't covered both the factors, the housing shortage in Delhi constituted nearly one half the entire housing shortage of metro cities in India.

Dissertation | THE INDIAN TINY HOUSE | 2020

Figure 4: Decrease in household size over the years

With the increasing and rapid urbanization, the housing supply in Delhi has not kept the momentum with the additional demand. There is an ongoing trend of people

moving

to

urban

areas

in

search

of

job

opportunities,

better

infrastructure, better educational facilities and other services. Delhi sees a big rush of migrants each year being the capital city of India. The increase in population has led to an increase in demand for homes, especially within the affordable housing category. Delhi is facing an enormous housing shortage and there's not much land available within the city to develop affordable housing. This has also led to a rise in demand for housing in Delhi’s suburbs, like Gurugram, Noida and Greater Noida. A tiny house can be an answer to this increasing demand in houses in and around the city as it can be both affordable and have better infrastructure and overall increasing the quality of life.

2.1: What is a Tiny House? A tiny house is a dwelling that ranges somewhere between 300 sq. f -700 sq. f floor area, excluding any lofts. The average Tiny House on Wheels measures in at 186-square feet. [ CITATION Jas17 \l 16393 ] This includes enough space for a bathroom, kitchen, sleeping loft, eating area, and adequate storage for basic personal items such as clothing, books, a...