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BIOL 101

STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 5 Quiz Preparation Tasks:

10

Your Answers and Notes

The Internally Integrated Human Animal

10.1

The Integrated Human List the names of 10 body systems and the principle role of each in serving the rest of the body. As a student runs up the stairs, which 2 body systems would be most immediate in their support of the muscular system in this activity? As a student runs up the stairs, her ____________ system serves her by providing moisture for evaporation to moderate her body temperature.

10.2

Cardiovascular and respiratory system integumentary

The Muscular System Muscle Structural Organization A muscle is composed of thousands of muscle cells (fibers) bound into groups of 100 or more fibers called ____________, each of which is surrounded by ____________ tissue called perimysium. What is the name of a contractile unit of a muscle?

Fascicles; connective tissue

sarcomeres

Muscle Contraction During muscle contraction, ____________ filaments use protein heads to attach sequentially to sites on actin filaments.

myosin

Control of Contraction: Ions, Gradients, and Membrane Potentials While waiting for a signal to contract, a muscle cell membrane maintains a slightly higher positive charge on the ____________ of the membrane only because ____________ pumps are available to generate this difference.

Outside; sodium-potassium ATPase pumps

Contraction of Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Which of the 3 general types of muscle tissue helps to keep both your blood pressure regulated and your digestive processes effective? Name the calcium-binding proteins in smooth muscle and those in skeletal muscle.

10.3

Smooth muscle calmodulin

The Cardiovascular System Blood: A Medium of Exchange H2 O

What is the most common molecule found in blood?

Blood Vessels: The Body’s Avenue of Life In which type of vessels do the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and of nutrients and cell wastes occur (principally)?

arteries

The Heart: The Dynamo of Human Life Systolic blood pressure is the ____________ number of a blood pressure reading. It is recorded when the left ____________ contracts. Trace the route of blood flow through the human heart.

10.4

Higher; ventricle Goes into the 2 atria right atrium  right ventricle into the lungs left atrium left ventricle  pumped into the systemic circuit to supply oxygen and nutrients to the rest of the body

Basic Concepts of Immunity (1) Barriers at body surfaces (2) Nonspecific responses (3) Immune responses

List 3 general lines of defense in the human immune system.

Your First Line of Defense The ____________ lining your bronchial passages entrain microbes, carrying them away to your acid-laden stomach where they will die.

cilia

Your Second Line of Defense Name the contrasting sites in the body where macrophages and neutrophils patrol for foreign objects.

Bloodstream and tissuses

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BIOL 101

Redness, swelling, heat and pain

List 4 basic signs and symptoms of inflammation.

Your Third Line of Defense List 4 fundamental characteristics of the Adaptive Immune Response.

Neither B lymphocytes nor T lymphocytes are able by themselves to respond to foreign antigen. They must at some point be induced to proliferate (divide) by interaction with what type of cells?

(1) Requires exposure to foreign agent; non-innate (2) Is specific for the particular foreign agent (3) Is transferable from one host to another (4) Is remembered when forgien agent returns a second line Dendritic cells

Preparing Your Immunity System: The Preemptive Strike When a vaccine is given to a person with a healthy immune system, what is the long-term result? Vaccination works because your immune system ____________ the same foreign entity if you are re-infected with it.

10.5

remembers

The Human Digestive System For these 5 digestive system organs—stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine—list their principle function(s). The role of the hepatic portal system is to help the ____________ to control nutrient levels in your circulatory system. The hepatic portal vein forms from capillary beds in ____________ and leads to a second set of capillary beds in ____________.

10.6

10.7

Easily resistance against the infection

P308 homeostasis Intestines; the liver

The Human Urinary System What is the principle function of the ureter?

Get rid of our bodies excess fluids and soluble waste

What is the principle function of the urethra? The urinary bladder? List 3 separate, related functions of the kidney.

Urine exists that body through this duct; stores urine prior to voiding Filters waste from the blood; controls water & ion content in the blood; returns useful substances to the blood

Neurons at Work Neuron Structure and Function List 3 structural regions of a neuron. Which structural feature of a human neuron uniquely and perfectly fits it for its signalcarrying role? Which type of neuron receives a stimulus and transmits it to the central nervous system?

Cell body, dendrite, axon axon Motor neuron

Nervous Reflexes List in the correct order the separate structures through which a signal moves in a “simple” reflex arc. What major nervous system organ is not directly involved in a simple reflex arc?

10.8

P 318 (fig 10.30)

The Human Nervous System What are the 2 main sections of the human nervous system? The efferent or motor branch of the peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the ____________ (voluntary) and ____________ (involuntary) nervous systems.

Central nervous system; peripheral nervous system Somatic; autonomic

The Central Nervous System For the following brain regions, list each one’s principle functional role: cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, hypothalamus, thalamus Which structure within the brain has the role of generating emotions?

hypothalamus

The Peripheral Nervous System Cranial and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system serve both ____________ and ____________ functions carrying impulses to and from the body parts. Distinguish, in general terms, the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS.

Afferent and efferent

The Nervous System Is Internally Integrated Which systems of the body interact with the peripheral nervous system? The nervous system interacts with the ____________ system to coordinate the internal

Central nervous system somatic

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BIOL 101

integration of all the other body systems together.

10.9

Drugs and the Nervous System Caffeine: Catalyst of the Technological Revolution Caffeine affects synapses by binding to ____________ receptors without activating them.

membrane

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride: Chemical Joy Fluoxetine hydrochloride affects synapses by inhibiting ____________ re-uptake by its transporter proteins.

SSRI (serotonin-specific

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