ENG122 Research Notebook PDF

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RESEARCH NOTEBOOK ENG122: ENGLISH COMPOSITION II

STUDENT NAME:

Skylar Kankowski

INSTRUCTOR:

Steve Rogers

FINAL DECISIONS COMPLETE THIS AS EACH TASK IS COMPLETED. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE FINISHED ALL TABLES BEFORE SUBMISSION IN WEEK 4.

TOPIC: NARROWED TOPIC: RESEARCH QUESTION: THESIS STATEMENT: ESSAY TITLE:

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SECTION ONE: TOPIC SELECTION COMPLETE THIS SECTION DURING WEEK 1

COMMUNITY:

Pro-life and Pro-choice

ISSUES FACING THE COMMUNITY:

How to protect both Pro-Life and Pro-Choice

RESEARCH TOPIC:

Abortion

NARROWED TOPIC:

How to protect abortion doctors, pregnant women, and the protection of abortion clinics vs. the right to protest

ONCE YOU HAVE RECEIVED FEEDBACK FROM YOUR INSTRUCTOR IN THE WEEK 1 INSTRUCTOR MEETUP QUIZ, FINALIZE YOUR TOPIC AND NARROWED TOPIC, AND ADD THEM TO THE “FINAL DECISIONS” TABLE ON THE COVER PAGE.

What has been your own personal experience(s) with this topic?

My older brother and his wife just had an abortion, and I am Pro-life, and they were too, but they changed their mind and had an abortion.

What do you already know about this topic? Where did you get that information?

There are 3,000 abortions that happen every day. Every day more people are ProChoice, and how many protests it.

What steps have you taken to discover different viewpoints from your own?

I have tried to understand why you want to get kill a baby, even if it is your choice, why you would not give them a chance at life. But, I will never change my viewpoint on abortions, I just can’t stop thinking the grieving process afterwards, how you much feel after doing it, and I think everyone deserves a chance at life no matter what.

What is the value in listening to other positions on this topic?

The value in listening is so I can understand why, why people who abortion over giving them a chance.

This information is common knowledge from what I can see and what I can on the news and just from other folks I talk to.

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BRAINSTORMING SPACE USE THE INFORMATION FROM SECTION 2.1 IN COLLEGE WRITING HANDBOOK TO CONDUCT BRAINSTORMING IN WEEK 1. USE THIS PAGE TO MAKE LISTS LIKE LOLA, FREEWRITE LIKE CHARLIE, USE TALK-TO-TEXT TECHNOLOGY LIKE ANDRÉ, MINDMAP LIKE LASHONDA, OR TAKE NOTES WHILE SURFING THE WEB LIKE WINNIE.

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SECTION TWO: RESEARCH QUESTION DEVELOPMENT COMPLETE THIS SECTION DURING WEEKS 1 AND 2

Preliminary Research Question:

BEGIN YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION WITH THE WORDS “HOW,” “WHERE,” “WHAT,” OR “WHY.”

(Use the information from Section 2.1 in College Writing Handbook.) Is this research question open-ended? (cannot be answered with a “yes” or a “no”) Does this research question open a line of inquiry? (is not seeking a fact or opinion) Will this research question add to the academic conversation? (does not seek to restate what has already been said)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Is this research question objective and unbiased? (does not assume the outcome and is written in third-person perspective)

Yes

Revised Research Question: (Make sure you answer “yes” to all checklist items and use the feedback from your instructor.) ONCE YOU HAVE RECEIVED FEEDBACK FROM YOUR INSTRUCTOR IN THE WEEK 1 INSTRUCTOR MEETUP QUIZ, FINALIZE YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION, AND ADD IT TO THE “FINAL DECISIONS” TABLE ON THE COVER PAGE.

TROUBLE GETTING STARTED? TRY ONE OF THESE FORMULAS: How has _Abortion_ impacted _the world__? 4

Where is the common ground between _Pro-Life_ and _Pro-Choice_? What is a viable solution to the problem of _death__? Why has _People_ been changed by _abortions_?

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SECTION THREE: KEYWORD GENERATION COMPLETE THIS SECTION DURING WEEKS 1 – 4

Use sections 2.1 and 3.1 of College Writing Handbook along with information from LibraryU to develop keywords. Keep track of your keywords here throughout class. Write down the keywords as you use them, and cross out any keywords that are not productive.

KEYWORDS FROM THE NEWS:

Abortion, illegal, Law, Pro-Choice, Pro-life

KEYWORDS FROM THE INTERNET:

Abortion, illegal, Law, Pro-Choice, Pro-life

KEYWORDS FROM ENCYCLOPEDIAS , WIKIS, AND OTHER INFORMAL SOURCES:

Abortion, illegal, Law, Pro-Choice, Pro-life

SEARCH TERMS FIELD: AUTHOR SEARCH TERMS

U.S. still split of Pro-Life and Pro-Choice

FIELD: TITLES SEARCH TERMS

Abortion, illegal, Law, Pro-Choice, Pro-life

FIELD: SUBJECT SEARCH TERMS

Abortion, illegal, Law, Pro-Choice, Pro-life in the U.S.

BASIC SEARCH BAR 6

SECTION FOUR: RESEARCH NOTES COMPLETE THIS SECTION DURING WEEKS 2-4; USE ONE TABLE FOR EACH SOURCE

SOURCE TYPE: PRIMARY/SECONDARY/TERTIARY, TRADE/POPULAR/SCHOLARLY/OTHER

APA-STYLE REFERENCE CITATION:

Head, T. (2019, November 16). A Look at What Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Supporters Believe. Retrieved July 29, 2020, from https://www.thoughtco.com/prolife-vs-pro-choice-721108

CRAAP TEST:

Currency: November 16th, 2019, it is still relevant.

(Use the information from Section 3.2 in Relevance: The information does relate to my topic. The information is at an College Writing appropriate level. Handbook. If this source does not pass the CRAAP test, do Authority: The author is Tom Head. not continue; move on to the next source.) Accuracy: This information comes from Thought.Co, a reference site that has years of focus experts on education content.

Purpose: The purpose of this information is to educate and inform others that can help each side get a good grasp of opposite side.

READING NOTES: Summarize the information in your own words. Be complete and specific. Do not copy from the source or its abstract. The controversies about which pro you are, they are more related to the reproductive rights. Pro-Life perspective wants to preserve all human life, giving chances to others. Pro-Choice have the unlimited rights to respect their own reproductive systems. Both sides di overlap, in that they want to reduce the number of abortions, but they differ in respect. A lot of times it goes back to religious reference. Scientific definition of personhood is like the understand of the brain, we can only go so far into understanding the emotion and cognition of the neocortical development.

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Explain how this source provides information that will help you answer your research question. This answers my research question by giving me information about both sides, and how it is more due to reproductive system and it far from our knowledge of understanding.

QUOTES: (including page number)

“The pro-choice movement argues that the government should not prevent an individual from terminating a pregnancy before the point of viability (when the fetus cannot live outside the womb). The pro-life and pro-choice movements overlap to an extent in that they share the goal of reducing the number of abortions. However, they differ with respect to degree and methodology,” (Head, para. 8). “If one believes that an immortal soul is created at the moment of conception and that "personhood" is determined by the presence of that soul, then there is effectively no difference between terminating a week-old pregnancy or killing a living, breathing person. Some members of the anti-abortion movement have acknowledged (while maintaining that all life is sacred) that a difference exists between a fetus and a fully formed human being. “(Head, para. 9) “To the extent that we have anything approaching a scientific definition of personhood, it would most likely rest in our understanding of the brain. Scientists believe that neocortical development makes emotion and cognition possible and that it doesn't begin until the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy.” (Head, para. 12) “Advancements in birth control may help to further reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancies. Someday abortion may grow increasingly rare in the United States. But for this to happen, individuals from all socioeconomic backgrounds and regions would need to have access to cost-effective and reliable forms of contraception.” (Head, para. 17)

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SOURCE TYPE: PRIMARY/SECONDARY/TERTIARY, TRADE/POPULAR/SCHOLARLY/OTHER

APA-STYLE REFERENCE CITATION:

P. (2020, June 04). Pros & Cons - ProCon.org. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://abortion.procon.org/

CRAAP TEST:

Currency:

(Use the information from Section 3.2 in College Writing Handbook. If this source does not pass the CRAAP test, do not continue; move on to the next source.)

May 9th, 2019, this information is only a year old, and is still current.

Relevance: The information relates to my topic, it is for the public. It is appropriate level for my needs. Authority: The Author is ProCon.Org, they are very reliable because it is an Encyclopedia Britannic.

Accuracy: They are very reliable because it is an Encyclopedia Britannic. They give facts for both sides.

Purpose: The purpose of this source was to provide information, for us to see the pros and cons to every little decision we make or how we feel about the other side of abortion, no matter what we agree with.

READING NOTES: Summarize the information in your own words. Be complete and specific. Do not copy from the source or its abstract. Abortion has been a big debate in America for a very long time and continues to divide the people whether it should be legal or not. It all started -after the supreme court’s decision on Roe v. Wade, a fundamental right in 1973. The U.S government has said unborn babies are still considered human being, even after the Roe v. Wade decision. This articles goes through Pro’s and Con’s on both sides, like Reproductive choice empowers a women by giving them control over their babies and the pro’s to that, they also list off a con to that Pro is Life begins at conception, so unborn babies are human beings with the right to life. This article is very good at listening off the facts and being unbiased.

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Explain how this source provides information that will help you answer your research question. This source helps answer my question because gives me reliable work, it is also unbiased, so I know that there were no feelings on either side when making it, and purely facts.

QUOTES: (including page number)

2. REPRODUCTIVE CHOICE EMPOWERS WOMEN BY GIVING THEM CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN BODIES. The choice over when and whether to have children is central to a woman’s independence and ability to determine her future. [134] Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor wrote in the 1992 decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, “The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the Nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives.” [8] Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote in her dissenting opinion in Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) that undue restrictions on abortion infringe upon “a woman’s autonomy to determine her life’s course, and thus to enjoy equal citizenship stature.” [59] CNN senior legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, JD, stated that Roe v. Wade was “a landmark of what is, in the truest sense, women’s liberation.” 2. CON 2 LIFE BEGINS AT CONCEPTION, SO UNBORN BABIES ARE HUMAN BEINGS WITH A RIGHT TO LIFE. Upon fertilization, a human individual is created with a unique genetic identity that remains unchanged throughout his or her life. This individual has a fundamental right to life, which must be protected. Jerome Lejeune, the French geneticist who discovered the chromosome abnormality that causes Down syndrome, stated that “To accept the fact that after fertilization has taken place a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion… The human nature of the human being from conception to old age is not a metaphysical contention, it is plain experimental evidence.” 3. PERSONHOOD BEGINS AFTER A FETUS BECOMES “VIABLE” (ABLE TO SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE WOMB) OR AFTER BIRTH, NOT AT CONCEPTION. [31] [32] Embryos and fetuses are not independent, self-determining beings, and abortion is the termination of a pregnancy, not a baby. A person’s age is calculated from birth date, not conception, and fetuses are not counted in the US Census. The majority opinion in Roe v. Wade states that “the word ‘person,’ as used in the Fourteenth Amendment [of the US Constitution], does not include the unborn.” [49] 3. FETUSES FEEL PAIN DURING THE ABORTION PROCEDURE.

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Maureen Condic, PhD, Associate Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Utah School of Medicine, explains that the “most primitive response to pain, the spinal reflex,” is developed by eight weeks gestation, and adds that “There is universal agreement that pain is detected by the fetus in the first trimester.” [18] According to Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand, MBBS, DPhil, Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Neurobiology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, “If the fetus is beyond 20 weeks of gestation, I would assume that there will be pain caused to the fetus. And I believe it will be severe and excruciating pain.” [24] Bernard N. Nathanson, MD, the late abortion doctor who renounced his earlier work and became a pro-life activist, stated that when an abortion is performed on a 12week-old fetus, “We see [in an ultrasound image] the child’s mouth open in a silent scream… This is the silent scream of a child threatened imminently with extinction.” 16. ABORTION MAY LEAD TO FUTURE MEDICAL PROBLEMS FOR THE MOTHER. A study published by the peer-reviewed International Journal of Epidemiology estimated that about 15% of first-trimester miscarriages are attributed to a prior history of induced abortion, and stated that “Induced abortion by vacuum aspiration is associated with an increased risk of firsttrimester miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy.” [34] A Chinese study published in the peer-reviewed Indian Journal of Cancer found an association between breast cancer and a history of abortions [71]. A study published in the peer-reviewed Cancer Causes and Control found that abortion “is significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer” and that “the risk of breast cancer increases as the number of [abortions] increases.” 9 ABORTION GIVES PREGNANT WOMEN THE OPTION TO CHOOSE NOT TO BRING FETUSES WITH PROFOUND ABNORMALITIES TO FULL TERM. Some fetuses have such severe disorders that death is guaranteed before or shortly after birth. These include anencephaly, in which the brain is missing, and limb-body wall complex, in which organs develop outside the body cavity. [12] It would be cruel to force women to carry fetuses with fatal congenital defects to term. Even in the case of nonfatal conditions, such as Down syndrome, parents may be unable to care for a severely disabled child. Deborah Anne Driscoll, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania, said “many couples… don’t have the resources, don’t have the emotional stamina, don’t have the family support [to raise a child with Down syndrome].” 9. SELECTIVE ABORTION BASED ON GENETIC ABNORMALITIES (EUGENIC TERMINATION) IS OVERT DISCRIMINATION. Physical limitations do not make those with disabilities less than human. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [54] provides civil rights protection to people born with disabilities so they can lead fulfilling lives. The National Down Syndrome Society states that “people with Down syndrome live at home with their families and are active participants in the educational, vocational, social, and recreational activities of the community. People with Down syndrome are valued members of their families and their communities, contributing to society in a 11

variety of ways.” [66] The increase in abortions of babies with Down syndrome (over 80% of women choose to abort Down syndrome babies [70]) reduced the Down syndrome population by 15% between 1989 and 2005.

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SOURCE TYPE: PRIMARY/SECONDARY/TERTIARY, TRADE/POPULAR/SCHOLARLY/OTHER

APA-STYLE REFERENCE CITATION:

Ward, D. (2009, March 26). A Woman's View: Pro-life vs. pro-choice. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://whyy.org/articles/a-womansview-pro-life-vs-pro-choice/

CRAAP TEST:

Currency:

(Use the information from Section 3.2 in College Writing Handbook. If this source does not pass the CRAAP test, do not continue; move on to the next source.)

This article was made on March 26th, 2009. It is outdated but is still current for what I need it for Relevance: This information relates to my topic. It is appropriate level for my needs

Authority: The author is Donna Ward, published by PBS.

Accuracy: This information is accurate. There are no references.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to inform people of a women’s view, but both sides and why they made that choice.

READING NOTES: Summarize the information in your own words. Be complete and specific. Do not copy from the source or its abstract. This article was intended for an objective view not to attack or influence other decisions. The question always comes about whether you are Pro-Life or Pro-Choice, and it has created a large controversy within our community. 13/20 women said they are pro-life was a better option for them, nine of those 13 said they would never have an abortion themselves, but they could not tell other women what she should and shouldn’t do. Some say the fetus is not a bay until there is a heartbeat, which your ca hears within the 3rd month, but it begins to develop four to six weeks along with the brain and spinal cord. Also, psychological effects can happen for women who do try to abort, some name it is like have a miscarriage. They can become depressed, disheartened, while some are not and recover in time. Some also say the father have a consult in the process well. Everyone women are different and has their own opinion on what the choice to do.

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Explain how this source provides information that will help you answer your research question. This helps answer my question by allowing me to see different view of how other women feel about abortion.

QUOTES: (including page number)

13 out of 20 said they felt pro-life was the correct option for them. Of the 13 women, nine said they felt each woman had the right to decide for herself which direction she should take depending on her unique situation. “I would never have an abortion myself, but I don’t feel right about telling another woman she can’t,” Dianne Mellace of the NEast said. “I think there are situations were it is for the best, and I also think it is abused. It depends on the situation, but you can’t tell a person to change their whole life because of your opinion.”(Ward, para. 3) “I can understand why you would want to have an abortion because of rape or incest, but just because you were careless one night is no excuse.” said an anonymous NEast shopper. “There is no reason to terminate a little baby’s right to life because you made a mistake.” (Ward, para. 5) “I think after the first month you have yourself a baby. I see nothing wrong with the morning after pill. Even women who have been raped or are in fear of their life having an abortion have a good reason,” said NEast resident Joelle Ozalas. “I don’t think it is right to have an abortion after the first month, because then you have a baby. “For me, I would only have an abortion if it were beca...