Englisch Klausur 11/2 PDF

Preview

Summary

Englisch 11/2 Zusammenfassung...

Description

11/2 Themen: 1. Ecological Challenges The ocean is broken 2003: accompanied by the sounds of birds; plenty of fish in the sea; all kinds o fish, dolphins, turtles; fishing was very easy they just had to throw out a baited line; clean sea: no garbage to be seen 2013: absence of birds; hardly any fish to be seen, only one sick whale; they caught only two fish on the way, all kinds of garbage floating on the sea and in the depths, especially plastic; paint jojob of the boat fainted due to pollution; the sea is „dead“ or „broken“ Consequences of meat consumption - Extinction of animal and plant species (→ to go extinct) - acid rain - co2 emissions - green house effect - climate change & global warming - health risks (e.g. due to antibiotics found in meat) - waste of water - destruction of the rain forest (for pasture lands etc.); - soil erosion - poverty in developing countries Red Alert! Climate change takes its toll on Scottland Areas of the environment that are affected by climate change: - endangered species - rising sea levels - biodiversity (under increasing threat from habitat loss, climate change, urbanisation) - rainfall patterns - rising levels of winter rain, heavier rainfall → landslides - drier soils - temperature (flowers bloom earlier) - wind and storm events Global warming profits (Al Gore) Full name: Al(bert) Gore Jr. Past and current occupations: former US vice president, author (of „An Inconvenient Truth“), speaker, chairman of an investment fund (focused on environmental sustainability) Main interest: The environment/environmental sustainability, (warning about) climate change (his warnings are everywhere, has made climate change the top issue of our time) Fortune: net worth estimated at $100 million USD (three houses, condo included) Media coverage: Larry King Live, local paper, pop music event (Live Earth), radio, TV

Attributes and nicknames given: - eco hero (→ trying to save the planet, hero for ecology, „superman“ of the world) - „The Goracle“ (→ pun: Gore + oracle → always knows what‘s going to happen, predicting negative things, people didn‘t want to hear (prophet?), politicians, business men etc. don‘t want to listen to him) - pocket-lining opportunist (filling profits with money) - shrewd businessman (slide show: has made millions of dollars, also dealing stocks (Google)) Meaning of „close to „music glitterati“ at an „epic (global) alarmfest““ → concert: Live Earth with stars such as Madonna and The Red Hot Chili Peppers → climate change is paying off → many critics An Inconvenient Truth (Al Gore documentary) An Inconvenient Truth film notes: - 6 year old son was badly injured in a car accident and barely survived → change in attitude - Katrina (2006): when it hit Florida it was a storm category I but when it reached the warmer water it got bigger and bigger → disastrous storm - elections 2000 in Florida → lost against Bush → restarted giving his slide shows on global warming - his parents had a farm → father also used to be a senator in Washington, so Al spent 8 monts of the year there and 4 on the farm → quaint and harmonious childhood - slide show in China, talked to government - Old Habits + Old Technology = Predictable Consequences white Old Habits + New Technology = Dramatically Altered Consequences (shovels get bigger and bigger!) - back on the family farm: 10 year older sister Nancy died of lung cancer → father stopped growing tobacco - in scientific magazines global warming was once depicted as a theory and not taken seriously → Gore questions scientists and accuses them of having altered the conclusions and thus having commited scientific fraud - „It‘s difficult to make a man understand somethng if his salary depends on not understanding it“ → Gold Bars vs. The Earth → as long as business men care about economy and making profits it‘s hard to make them realize our planet is in danger - did slide shows more than 1000 times - America: didn‘t ratify Kyoto protocol (one of the only countries that didn‘t), but many cities now support it - end: appeal to patriotism (Americans have done so many things, abolition of slavery etc. they can do more) Mediation – An Inconvenient Truth - recycling waste is part of German daily routine - film does not tell most of us anything new - however: way to remind people how bad the effects of pollution have become - in Germany: people wonder what Gore‘s real aim is → really wants to save the planet or just keen on publicity concerning himself? (travels by plane, also visited Antarctica)

- Summing up: good film to remind people of their duty to save the planet but doesn‘t deliver revolutionary new ideas - rising sea levels – Gulf Stream (floods especially on the coasts) - melting ice-caps - documentary that tries to show possible consequences of global warming - many of the topics dealt with are not new for the main part of Europeans - for Americans that didn‘t sign Kyoto protocol: might teach about new consequences of global warming - mixture of proven facts and sarcasm - shows lots of passion for environmental protection - message: obvious, can be easily understood Severn Suzuki speaks in Rio „I‘m only a child and I don‘t have all the solutions, but I want you to realise, neither do you.“ (1992 UN conference „Earth Summit“) - 12 year old girl who represents the Environmental Children‘s Organisation in Rio de Janeiro - Came to Rio in order to convince the participants of the conference of the need to change their policies - Wants politicians to realise they cannot simply restore everything - Thinks many positive changes could be made if the money spent on military operations were used for better purposes - Questions whether future generations are one of the top priorities on the politicians‘ agenda - final plea: that politicians will make their actions reflect their words 2. Globalization Aspects of Globalization: technology, politics, economy, ecology, culture Definition: Process by which the world is gradually becoming unified on an economic, technological and cultural level. The idea includes the increasing mobility of people and the steady flow of money and goods between international markets. Also: global spread of ideas and values, rapid distribution of information through the media Negative Aspects: increase in crime, poor working conditions, low wages, loss of individual‘s freedom Hopes and fears: developing countries - hope that globalization will bring them work and prosperity - But: developing countries fear an increasing dependence on foreign support, investment and credit; increasingly corrupt governments; negative cultural influences & manipulation through mass media; industrial world -expects increased business opportunities through international trade - fears erosion of national culture in Europe, massive illegal immigration; multinational companies have increasing power and can no longer be controlled by legal means such as elected governments;

humanity: hopes: spread of freedom, democracy and human rights will reduce the number of wars and other conflicts worldwide; greater understanding among peoples (=Völker) around the world, peaceful, borderless world of shared universal values, general economic prosperity and ecological stability fears: inequality (through uncontrolled economic activity) and regional and ethnic tensions; pollution; gap betweet the rich and the poor widens; „survival of the fittest“ → Westernization The three eras of globalization (p. 176 + Handouts) The first era (Globalization 1.0) 1492: Columbus set sail, opening trade between the Old World and the New World → until around 1800 → shrank the world from a size large to a size medium → was about countries and muscles; dynamic force driving the process of global integration: how much brawn, muscle, horsepower, windpower and steam pover your country had and how creatively you could deploy it (globalizing); western countries competing wth each other (for colonies); also affected by religion and imperialism → countries and governments led the way in breaking down walls and knitting the world together → primary question: Where does my country fit into global competition and opportunities? How can I go global and collaborate with others through my country? The second era (Globalization 2.0) roughly from 1800-2000 (interrupted by the Great Depression and the World Wars) → shrank the world from a size medium to a size small - dynamic force driving global integration: multinational companies competing for more profit→ went global for markets and labor; expansion of Dutch and English joint-stock companies and the Industrial Revolution (companies globalizing) → in the first half of this era: global integration was powered by falling transport costs (thanks to steam engine and the railroad) → in the second half: by falling telecommunication costs (thanks to the diffusion of the telegraph, telephones, the PC, satellites, fiber-optic cable and the early version of the World Wide Web) → birth and maturation of a global economy (global market due to enough movement of goods and information from continent to continent) → dynamic forces: breakthrough in hardware (s.o.) - primary question: Where does my company fit into the global economy? How does it take advantage of the opportunities? How can I go global and collaborate with others through my company? The third era (Globalization 3.0) since 2000; until? (unknown) - shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny - dynamic force: power for individuals to collaborate and compete globally; global competition of individuals - Questions: Where do I as an individual fit into the global competition and opportunities of the day, and how can I, on my own, collaborate with others globally? (empowering individuals!) - much more diverse groups of individuals Possibilities: salad bowl ↔ melting pot

Bad Apples The term „Bad Apples“ is used for corporations/their managements that are guilty of wrong-doing Message of the song (p.179): from the outside I may look wrong/bad/not innocent but I‘m still a nice person/attractive Voc: - Konzern=amalgamation of different companies that work together and are legally independent. (parent/affiliated companies) - Kapitalgesellschaft=more of a legal term, not so much an explanation of the size/profit - Großunternehmen: refers mainly to size, no legal term Is American culture „American“? - Since at least 1901, people around the world have been afraid of Americanisation (coca colonization) - Trend toward cultural conformity; American culture destroys regional and local customs/specialties - Cultural relationships between America and the world went in two directions - Thanks to immigrants, foreign cultures were incorporated into American culture and reappeared as a unique feature - What is considered American culture today was not invented there (e.g. Disneyland was inspired by Copenhagen‘s Tivoli Gardens) - The effectiveness of English has helped the acceptance and spread of American mass culture - Because of the population diversity, American culture has always had a multicultural appeal - America‘s mass culture transformed what it received from other cultures and made it its own - That‘s why the US is a copy of the cultures of the world Discussion: The US a replica of the world? Has there been some Americanisation? Arguments against (= there has been Americanisation): fast food chains, American movies in cinemas all over the world, dependence on America‘s economy, certain cultures are not to be seen in the US → did not take every culture, modern music Arguments for the statement: America is a melting pot of many different influences (immigrants), history and culture are a mixture of European and Native American elements (+ other e.g. Chinese), European influences dominate life in big cities, most families have roots somewhere in Europe 3. The Arts Mr and Mrs. Clark and Percy (HE + p.220) - couple in the living room, shutters half closed, view on to balcony and opposite house - gestures: woman seems to be dominant (she‘s pregnant!); Mr. Clark sitting on a chair with a cat sitting on his lap → cat: generally a symbol for infidelity and envy → cheated on her - Lillies on the small table in the foreground near Mrs. Clark: symbol of female purity. She looks rather unapprochable - relationship: look bored, distance between them → suggests coldness - atmosphere: not too nice → telephone and table lamp on the floor; chair might be a designer chair → elegant and cold

Jackson Pollock - American abstract expressionist painter - alcohol addiction; died in car crash - radical abstract style of art (similar to Marla Olmstead) Elgin Marbles - ancient greek sculptures - built for a temple of Athena in Athens - built nearly 2500 years ago - now displayed at the British Museum in London Guerilla Art/Banksy - mostly illegal (street art) - Banksy: anonymus English street artists, graffiti expresses his dark humor, comments on/criticizes politics and social environment in his own style(e.g. picture of Vietnam war) - Guerilla Art: movement started in the UK; spread across the world; artists make a public statement about the society → message; crictical - hotel maid painted near a tube station; „cleaining up“ → by Banksy → thought by some people to symbolize the First World‘s unwillingness to tackle important problems, painted without permission (that‘s why most street artists keep their identity to themselves) - also: spraypainted gay policemen and rats by using stencils - can still make money from his art Marla Olmstead - when she was 2 years old her father gave her easel and canvas to keep her quiet - large, colorful, abstract paintings - friend hung her pictures up on the wall in his coffee-shop - sold for up to $25000 - documentary - critics claim that she could not have done this on her own; feel like abstract painters are „cheating“ - child prodigy? (Wunderkind) Keith Haring - bold, black outlines in his art - solid, clear colors - simplified and stylized figures - rhythmic lines that imitate movement – visual language (hearts, cross etc.) Nighthawks - contrast light and shade - deserted streets - room without an exit - people sitting in a downtown bar late at night: bartender, a couple (? maybe a prostitute → red dress); a single man → lost in their thoughts - Phillies cigar sign

4. Architecture Britain‘s ugliest buildings - Tom Dyckhoff wants to find the 10 ugliest buildings in Britain - new Wembley stadium looks like an office block; has the attraction of a shopping mall; no historical athmosphere - supermarkets are erected in town centers where they don‘t belong; ugly, shed like and squeezed into town centers; designed by computer - opal court looks like a box not fit for human habitation; no concession to humans („gulag“); students shiver, makes them feel depressed - present architecture is prefabricated and looks like toys The Stirling Price - british prize for excellence in architecture - building has to be in the UK (by now → earlier: didn‘t matter) - design vision, innovation and originality, capacity to stimulate, engage and delight occupants and visitors, accessibility and sustainability - examples: Gateshead Millennium Bridge, Museum of Mordern Literature (Marbach) 5. Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet) Shakespeare - English poet, playwright and actor - wrote 38 plays and154 sonetts - conspiracy, that he was gay/bi → sonetts Shakespeare‘s language - words that are still understood, but not used today (e.g. „Hence!“ „Fare ye well“) - personal pronouns like used n church („I will keep my word with thee“, „Thou...“) - rich in variety („Hearken! Whar a flibbertigibbet and hurly-burly yonder“) - verbs with archaic endings („Thou lik‘dst that not“) Romeo and Juliet Prologue: lovers from families who have an old grudge; in Verona; families reconcile in the end because of their children‘s deaths. Effect: advance information so that the audience can follow the play/action more easily, know the setting and know that the play begings now. Metre: lambic pentameter Rhymes: Sonett: 3 quatrains + a final rhyming couplet Characters: Capulets: Lord + Lady Capulet; Juliet; Nurse (confidant); Tybalt (aggressive, hot-headed); Paris (peaceful) Montagues: Lord + Lady Montagues; Romeo; Mercutio (talkative; hot-headed); Benvolio (peaceful) Church: Friar Laurence State: Prince Escales

Courtly love: Rosaline; adoration for a woman; no real hope that this love is returned; reason for Romeo to join his friends (house of Capulet) Romantic love: Juliet; struck by her beauty immediately; walks up to her & talks to her; he is accepted (sonett!); love at first sight; tragic ending → tragic hero „Queen Mab“ I,4 The festivities are about to commence at the house of Capulet and, concealed amidst the Masquers, Romeo and Benvolio arrive with their close friend, Mercutio. Stifled by "love's heavy burden", Romeo refuses to dance with his friends. He reveals that he has had an ominous dream, but will not be any more specific. Mercutio tries to lighten Romeo's mood, and muses that Romeo must have been visited in sleep by Queen Mab, the "fairies midwife"... "In shape no bigger than an agate stone/On the fore-finger of an alderman" (1.4.52-4). She races over peoples noses as they slumber, riding in a chariot steered by a gray-coated gnat and made from an empty hazelnut. Romeo is not as amused as Mercutio himself is by his inventive tale, and Romeo implores him to be silent. → like a fairy tale, charming on the surface but he is also mentioning illness, war and death, nightmares and sex (in a negative way) I,5 (..) Romeo decides he should leave as well, but first he stops to speak at least a word to Juliet. Dressed as a pilgrim to the Holy Land, Romeo addresses Juliet in character, pretending that he has just come upon a most holy shrine. They exchange pleasantries and Juliet, equally smitten with the handsome Romeo, grants him a kiss. Juliet is promptly called away by her mother, and Romeo learns from the Nurse that she is the daughter of his father's enemy, Capulet. Deeply troubled by this knowledge, Romeo exits the hall with Benvolio and Capulet's other guests. II, 2 (Balcony Scene) Romeo is hidden amongst the shadows outside Capulet's house, content simply to be close to Juliet. Looking up, Romeo catches sight of a figure emerging from an overhead window. He rejoices when he realizes who has come out upon the balcony: "It is my Lady! O it is my love" (2.2.11). Juliet, believing that she is alone, professes her love for Romeo and her profound sorrow that he is a Montague. Romeo reveals himself and, with words as moving as any in literature, the lovers speak to each other, exchanging their vows of absolute and undying devotion. The glorious meeting is interrupted by a cry coming from inside the house. It is Juliet's nurse, who has been searching the house for her mistress. Before they part, the lovers hatch a cunning plan. Romeo will find a way for them to be married and, when he does, he will give the details to the messenger Juliet sends to him. The scene comes to a close as they say their tender farewells for the evening The Globe Theatre - destroyed by a fire, then reconstructed, later demolished, in 1997: reconstruction opened - Shakespeare owned 12,5% → most of his plays were staged there The Elizabethan Age - for most of Shakespeare‘s life, Elisabeth I was Queen of England → change was the leitmotif of her reign → the „virgin queen“ - her father Henry VIII had separated the English church from Rome, Elisabeth was bend on completing the Protestant reformation in England; Catholics were persecuted - conspiracies; outbreaks of plague; threats of invasions by France and Spain (eventually defeated the Armada) ; fighting in Ireland and the Netherlands - nevertheless considered a „golden age“ due to its relative stability, economic growth and flowering of theater, literature and music...