Exam 3 - Articles - Exam 3 article & video notes study guide for Dr. Almstedt PDF

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Exam 3 article & video notes study guide for Dr. Almstedt...

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Bisgaard et al. (2016) - Fish Oil & Pregnancies of Asthma & Wheezing

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Methods ○ IV - wheezing or asthma in offspring ○ DV - 2.4 g Omega-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or corn oil everyday during 3rd trimester ■ LCPUFA - EPA & DHA ○ Research Design - double blind, intervention study ○ Studied - 736 pregnant women in 3rd trimester ○ Measures - persistent wheeze, asthma & lower respiratory tract infections Results ○ Women who took LCPUFA had 33% lower offspring w/ wheezing or asthma ■ 23.7% vs 16.9% ○ Supplement most effective for children of mothers with LOW blood levels of EPA & DHA at randomization ■ Most room for improvement ○ Also reduced risk of LRTI for those on supplement vs control ■ 39.1% vs 31.7% Other Info ○ Asthma & LRTI (pneumonia, bronchiolitis) are leading causes of morbidity & mortality for children ■ 20% children have asthma ■ ‘Persistent wheeze’ < 3 yo & asthma > 3 yo ○ Fish Oil - DHA & EPA can produce anti inflammatory compounds ■ Useful in bronchioles ○ No fish oil - Arachidonic Acid = promotes inflammation (& excess mucus) ■ Omega 6 ○ Just small increase of 4.9% to 6.1% = ↓ inflammation ○ Double blind study for 3 years, single blind for 2 years (researchers didn’t know) & 80% compliant ○ Supplement ■ 2.4 g = 20x normal intake for Americans ● UL of n-3 = 3 g/day ○ No commercial intent of study

Frazer et al. (2013) - Nuts during Pregnancy

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Methods ○ IV - mother ingestion of P/TN during pregnancy ○ DV - P/TN allergy in offspring ○ Research design - observational & survey study ■ Dietary intake for the mother was assessed by FFQ during pregnancy or w/in 1 year of giving birth ○ Studied - 10,907 female nurses ■ Who all delivered between 1990 & 1994 ○ Measures - Physician diagnosis of P/TN allergy in offspring Results ○ Higher P/TN consumption during pregnancy lowered allergies in children ● 5 times a day vs 1 time month ■ Allergy exposure increases tolerance & lowers risk for childhood allergy ○ P/TN consumption during pregnancy was most beneficial for children of moms without P/TN allergy Other info ○ In US, childhood peanut allergy tripled from 1997-2010 ■ 80-90% peanut allergy persist into adulthood ○ Moms w/ ↑ P/TN intake = ↑ F/V intake ■ Introduce P/TN to children soon ○ Often delay intro to P/TN due to aflatoxin ○ 1st kind of study in humans ■ Change dietary recommendations to preg women ○ Nurses Health Study ■ From Harvard School of Public Health

Jacka et al (2017) - Nut & Depression - ‘SMILES’

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Methods ○ IV - nutrition counseling intervention or social support ○ DV - depressive symptoms ○ Research design - 12 wk, parallel group, single blind, RCT ○ Studied - participants with depression or MDE criteria ○ Measures - depressive symptoms according to MADRS Results ○ Following ModiMed Diet lowered depression sym ○ 32% of diet groups & 8% of social group reached remission criteria ■ MADRS < 10 ○ Also impaired anxiety & other comorbidities Other info ○ Diet may not fix everything but it is helpful (Med diet) ■ More so than social support ○ Dietary changes may be more accessible (cheaper) w/ nutrition education ○ Sustainable & easy to follow ○ Better long term outcomes ■ Increase in foods from 12 key food groups ○ ModiMed Diet vs Social Support for 12 weeks ■ Reduced intake of ‘extras’ - sweets, refined cereal, fried food, fast food, processed meats & sugary drinks ■ Kcal breakdown = 40% fat, 37% CHO, 18% PRO & 2% alc ● No kcal restriction ○ Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale

Francis et al (2019) - Nut & Depression in Young Adults

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Methods ○ IV - habitual intake vs Mediterranean style diet ○ DV - depression / depression symptoms ○ Research design - intervention, RCT ○ Studied - young adults (18-35) ■ w/ dep sym and @ risk for poor diet ● 38 people in each group ○ Measures - depressive symptoms, poor diet Results ○ Med style diet significantly reduced depressive symptoms ○ Reduced dep scores were maintained 3 months later in 33 participants ■ 21% maintained diet, 57.6% maintained some & 21% did not Other info ○ 3 weeks long & follow up 3 months later = dep sym remained lower ○ Concern for barriers ■ Sample meal plan, recipes, free food, $60 ○ 3 wk intervention comparing Med diet w/ habitual intake ■ Spices = cinnamon & turmeric of 1 tsp per day ○ Spectrophotometer measures flavonoid content of skin (carotenoids)...