Exam review 3 PDF

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Exam 3 review

1. Can climate models be run on personal computers? 2. Which of the following is the threshold beyond which the current skill for weather forecasting is relatively low? 3. Whis is the equalizing temperature change in respond to changes in external forces of the boundary conditions of climate? 4. What is a violoant rotationg column of air in contact with the ground, usually associated with a thunderstorm? 5. Which factor is not important to produce Hurricane? 6. What takes the largest number of lives? 7. What does the Saffir-Simpson scale rate? 8. What are two most dominant factors to determine frequency and intensity of winter storm in the US? 9. What is a example episode of singularity? 10. Global climate models employ parameterizations to estimate processes that are ( ). 11. The atmospheric concentrations of a gas depends on its emission into the atmosphere and its rates of physical, chemical and biological removal. The time to lower the concentration of the gas to ( ) of its original amount is its atmospheric lifetime. 12. If emissions of CO2 could be held at current levels, the atmospheric concentration would ( ). 13. Climate sensitivity is the resulting temperature change in response to a significant change of the external forcing of the systems’ boundary conditions. The IPCC assesses the sensitivity to the projected CO2 changes to be about ( ) degree. 14. The occurrence of weather or climate events above the threshold value of the upper range or below the lower range threshold of observed values is a(n) ( ). 15. The increasing heavy precipitation instances have been most prevalent in the ( ) U.S. 16. Modeling studies show that tropical cyclone formation is linked to variation of the thermohaline circulation through the ( ). 17. A warming climate may produce ( ) hurricanes. 18. For marginally dry regions of the U.S., a warmer climate would likely lead to ( ) droughts. 19. A climate tipping point is the change of the climate system from one relatively ( ) state to another, very different one. 20. Potential tipping points include all except ( ). 21. Large-scale intervention to produce forcings in the climate system to offset climate change consequences is a goal of ( ). 22. Fossil fuels are so called because natural geologic processes buy, compress and hear ( ). 23. Renewable energy sources include ( ). 24. Strategies addressing anthropogenic climate change must consider our ( ). 25. Extreme of fertilizing tropical ocean waters with iron has produced blooms of algae that directly remove CO2 from the ( ). 26. Injecting salt crystals over the ocean to grow cloud droplets has been proposed in efforts to make the clouds ( ) thereby affecting the radiation budget.

27. Sulfate haze produced by volcanic eruptions has lowered Earth’s temperature for a year or so. Proposals to inject such aerosols into the stratosphere in an on-going basis for this effect is one example of ( ). 28. ( _) models run on computers provide approximate representations of real systems using mathematical relationships. 29. Subsystems within a climate model calculate their respective quantities that are then shared at boundaries between their regions through ( ). 30. There has been a demonstrated trend in heavy precipitation events in the U.S. involving the ( )....