Experiment Terminology PDF

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Hypothesis an educated guess; a testable statement which suggest a possible causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables Null hypothesis is the “opposite” of a hypothesis which states that the independent variable proposed in the hypothesis has no effect on the suggested dependent variable Variable any factor which can be different between groups -

Independent variable manipulated by the experimenter, the variable expected to cause an effect on another variable; the thing being tested

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Dependent variable, the variable measured to determine whether or not the independent variable had an effect; the variable which depends upon the independent variable; the thing being measured for data

- Controls in an experiment, all variables besides the independent and dependent variables; must be kept the same between all treatments Experimental group the group which receives the treatment or has the independent variable, the group being tested Control group lacks independent variable but is identical to experimental group in every other way, serves as a basis for comparison Sample size the number of trials or individuals in a trial; a larger sample size more strongly supports experimental results statistically Observational study measures, counts, and otherwise observes the present conditions without manipulating the independent variable; can show correlation only Experiment/experimental study manipulates the independent variable to demonstrate causation...