Expression-orale-GUN- Control (partie Camille) PDF

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GUN CONTROL Oral presentation. Introduction : • one of the subjects that divided America the most → 2 major camp (pro & against) • 2nd amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. • many association, examples : - NRA : National Rifle Association, 16 November 1871, Virginia, nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights. - Never Again : American student led committee, goal = to prevent gun violence, after shooting of February 14 2018 in a high school in Florida → talk about it later Pb : Why are people divided about gun control ?

GUN CONTROL, PART ONE: PRO GUN, LESS CONTROL

- For defense or dissuasion, used or kept at home to protect yourself and your family from intruders (ex : Stand-your-ground law) - Guns are also for sport, hunting or collection - 10 000 jobs related to guns in the American Economy, around 8,5 million dollars - "Guns don't kill, people do" = Do you blame the person or the gun ? (Ex : if someone drinks, drives and kill someone : is alcohol responsible or the person ?) + people can kill with something else than a firearm (more than 3080 of crimes in 2017 made with something else than a gun + most crimes

made with handguns, which are illegal or very restricted in the majority of states) - A lot of firearms related crimes are committed with weapons illegally purchased (according to stats, the biggest I found was 10% were legal purchased only). - "The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun" = you can stop a shooting if you're armed, sometimes the police can take time to arrive -> the terrorist can kill more people. - Even if illegal : people would get guns anyway if they really want to (black market would get worst), it's like some soft drugs (ex : marijuana). = ex : France where shootings occurred but weapons = illegal here. - Already some legislation existing : depends on the state, the area (urban or countryside) + automatic guns already banned and even council carry sometimes. (As Marion Hammer said, president of the NRA : we just need to enforce the law - doc 3). + Background checking exists (doc 1), gun possession not allowed for criminals. - Second Amendment : an historical symbol for America, FREEDOM = guns prevent tyranny. + Libertarian philosophical idea of the nonintervention of the government in the People's business. Most free states : Arizona (debated), Kansas, Vermont (exception), Alaska (very wild), Oklahoma..

Supported by : The NRA, generally the Republicans, more in the South of the U.S.

GUN CONTROL, Part 2 Anti-gun, more control :

• doc 1 class : can't let blind have guns, not only question of equality, but safety, how can we know who they will shoot ? = danger. • no arms = protection of innocent people, less risks die in shooting. By the way → less bad influence near children: 1) not a toy 2) less tragic death young people (boys) who entered a gang • gun violence cost lot money to gov + moreover police protection should be enough, protect us, only military & police men should have firearms in the only goal to protect us. • avoid shooting in schools → case more & more frequent. according to study LE FIGARO = 290 shooting in schools since 2013. term "routine" : strong, violent, feeling people get used to see shoots. 2018 : 18 shooting in schools 2017 : 65 shooting in schools - Ex doc 3 : mass shooting in Parkland Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, 14 feb 2018, Florida, 17 students & staff members killed by a former student. Map (schools) : - 7 shooting with victims (Pennsylvania, Maryland, Florida, North Carolina, Kentucky, Texas & Louisiana). - 1 shooting without victim (California) - 2 suicides or attempts to suicide (Arizona & Michigan) - 8 accidental shoots with victims (California, Washington, 2 in Texas, Minnesota, Michigan, New York & Alabama). • No more safety : shoot can appear anytime & anywhere - ex Jacksonville, 26 Aug 2018 during videogames tournament, 3 killed with the suspect. - Aberdeen in Maryland, women killed 3 people before returning gun herself, 20 sept 2018. Study FBI → women shooter : less than 5% According to site GUN VIOLENCE ARCHIVE : make an inventory of all the kind of shooting since January → 262 shoots while 262 days of the year.

CONCLUSION :

- Some people want the Constitution to be changed and/or to have more control for the purchase of guns. - But difficult to modify it : needs 3/4 of the states (= 38) to agree and 2/3 of Congress (Representatives + Senators) = super majority (Doc 2)

- So not a lot of change to come immediately : New Supreme Judge who might be Republican (Kavannaugh) + Trump who support the NRA and got money from them for his campaign.

GUN CONTROL - SOURCES :

Gun Freedom and Restriction laws in the US : https://www.dw.com/en/8-facts-about-gun-control-in-the-us/a-40816418 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States https://www.freedominthe50states.org/guns http://www.gunsandammo.com/second-amendment/best-states-forgun-owners-2017/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-your-ground_law

Mass shootings and killings in America : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States https://www.abc15.com/news/data/mass-shootings-in-the-us-whenwhere-they-have-occurred-in-2018 https://ijr.com/2015/12/487774-13-mass-killings-where-no-guns-wereinvolved/ http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2018/02/15/0100320180215ARTFIG00226-etats-unis-18-fusillades-dans-les-ecolesdepuis-le-debut-de-l-annee.php https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/26/us/jacksonville-maddenshooting/index.html http://time.com/5169210/us-gun-control-laws-history-timeline/

Crime Statistics in the US :

https://ucr.fbi.gov/ucr https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2016/crime-in-the-u.s.2016/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-4.xls https://www.statista.com/statistics/195325/murder-victims-in-the-us-byweapon-used/ https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/10/2/16399418/us-gunviolence-statistics-maps-charts https://www.politifact.com/new-york/statements/2018/mar/12/johnfaso/do-illegal-gun-owners-commit-most-gun-crime-rep-fa/ https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2015/oct/05/joescarborough/msnbcs-joe-scarborough-tiny-fraction-crimes-commit/ http://concealedcarrykillers.org/

Economy related to the Gun Industry : https://www.nssf.org/government-relations/impact/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/02/22/theenormous-economic-cost-of-gun-violence/? noredirect=on&utm_term=.5ca80835866e https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/countingthecost/2018/03/guneconomics-trump-america-180325081023346.html

Pro and anti guns arguments in the US : http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/06/19/0101620150619ARTFIG00165-port-d-armes-aux-etats-unis-ce-que-disent-lespro-et-anti-guns.php https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/iceland-gun-loving-country-noshooting-murders-2007-n872726 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Hammer https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-the-survivors-ofparkland-began-the-never-again-movement https://home.nra.org/

https://news.gallup.com/poll/229562/preference-stricter-gun-lawshighest-1993.aspx http://time.com/longform/both-sides-gun-control/

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