FIRO B Personality test PDF

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This is a Literature review on the FIRO B personality test....

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Literature Review

Project Title Name Index number Supervisor(s): Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx

24th January 2021

Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA - SRI LANKA

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1. Introduction Fundamental interpersonal relations orientation- behaviour (FIRO-B) is a theory of interpersonal relations introduced by William Schultz in 1958. The theory is based on the assumption that "people need people" and that all individuals like to establish a compatible relationship. It identifies how you behave toward others and how you want them to behave toward you. The different measures that originated the theory are called the FIRO-B awareness scales and were designed to help people understand their self-awareness and their relationship with other individuals (Shutz,1978). According to the FIRO-B theory, an individual's interpersonal style can be described in terms of three basic interpersonal needs: inclusion, control and Affection The FIRO-B instrument has become a widely used assessment that helps people understand their interpersonal needs and how those needs influence their communication, problem-solving, decision-making, and behaviour.

The main object of this research is to investigated employee's personality aspects using FIRO-B assessment.

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2. Fundamental Interpersonal Orientation-Behaviour (FIRO-B) The FIRO-B personality model is developed to measure the intensity of three basic interpersonal needs of inclusion(I), control(C), and Affection (A). Each area of these needs is also modified by two other factors, which are Express behaviours and Wanted behaviours. Table 1:

Express behaviours

Wanted behaviours

It is related to how comfortable It is related to the level of people people

feel

about

exhibiting who want other people to exabit

behaviour toward other people.

behaviour toward them.

Inclusion(I): The first is the need for inclusion, a need to establish and maintain satisfactory interactions and associations with other people. It explains how much interaction one wants with others and how much one wants to engage in shared activities. Table 2: Express inclusion

Wanted inclusion

How much effort do you put into incorporating

The extent you need others to include you in their

others into your activities, as well as the extent that

activities and inviting you to join or joining groups;

you work to get others to include you in their events?

The extent to which you want to be noticed.

Control(C): The second is the need for Affection, according to Schutz (1958). Which is a need to maintain a satisfactory balance of power and influence in relationships. It describes an individual's behaviours with respect to power, influence, and decision-making, reflecting the degree to which one desires to influence or direct others' behaviours or the extent to which a person wants to be perceived as competent, decisive, and in charge. Table 3:

Express control

Wanted control

Tells individual about the extent that they feel

It is related to the individual comfort level of being

comfortable influencing others. And the degree that in a situation with clear instructions and expectations they make an effort to control a situation. It is also

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related to one's comfort with organizing and taking

others. In other words, their comfort level with

responsibility for others.

someone else in charge and influencing the direction of their action.

Affection(A): A third need, according to the model, relates to Affection, which is a need to form a close personal relationship with others. It describes an individual's behaviour in forming close, personal relationships and determines the degree of warmth and personal connections on seeks with others, which applies primarily to one-on-one interaction rather than group behaviour. Table 4:

Expressed Affection

Wanted Affection

It is associated with the exte nt to which individuals

It tells how people comfortable with others taking a

try and engage with people on a personal level. And personal interest in an individual and acting warmly how comfortable people feel to express personal toward the individual in general. feelings and support others. 3.Compatibility FIRO-B theory is concerned with people's interpersonal needs. Therefore, compatibility is a natural extension. In FIRO-B terms, compatibility generally based on the individuals expressed(E) and wanted(W) behaviours of inclusion(I), control(C), and Affection (A). According to the FIRO-B theory, compatibility can be broken down into three major types: originator, reciprocal, and interchange compatibility (Pleban et al.,1987). These three majors are described briefly in the following sections.

Originated compatibility is described as how much two people come into conflict based on their tendencies to originate or initiate behaviours. Its measure the two peoples conflict level. The formula for originator compatibility is shown below. Suppose that two persons FIRO-B score, I and j

OKij = (ei-wi) + (ej-wj) Reciprocal compatibility is described in each other's behavioural preferences. Its measures peoples want and need in a relationship: does one person(j) express the behaviour wanted by another person(i) and does one person(j) respond favourably to the type of behaviours another person(i) characteristically expresses (Pleban et al.,1987). It can be mathematically expressed using express and wanted dimensions by the formula below. Suppose that two persons FIRO-B score, I and j

RKij = |ei-wj|-|ej-wi|

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Interchange compatibility measures how individuals share the same strength of need such as interaction and power. The more compatible individuals are, the more similar their scores are to a particular dimension. The formula for interchange compatibility is given below.

IKij = | (ei+wi) – (ej+wj) | Figure 3 summarize the nine possible compatibility combination. The row sum provides the overall reciprocal compatibility (RC), overall originator compatibility (OC), and overall interchange compatibility (IC). The column sum provides the overall inclusion compatibility (INC), overall control incompatibility (COC), and overall affection incompatibility (AFC). Finally, it also provides total compatibility (C).

Compatibility

I

C

A

Row sum

Reciprocal

RCij

RCij

RCij

Overall RC

Originator

OCij

OCij

OCij

Overall OC

Interchange

ICij

ICij

ICij

Overall IC

Column sum

Overall IC

Overall CC

Overall AC

Total C

Type

4.FIRO-B Measures FIRO-B is a questionnaire on 54 items: 24 questions compare people's behaviours, preferences, and patterns with other peoples. The remaining questions describe people's usual patterns and behaviours. All these questions are completed six-point (1 to 6) scale (Shutz,1958).

5.Parameters of measuring the test. The total need score indicates how strong individuals need for general contract and interaction. The range of total need score is 0-54. Table

Total Score

0-15

15-26

27-38

39-54

Regarded as

Low

Medium-Low

Medium-High

High

Interaction Prediction

with You generally find that You probably enjoy frequently others in all areas is others in all areas interacting with other engaging with not likely to be a may appeal to you on people in all areas is a others in all areas. strongly felt need. a selective basis. source of satisfaction

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with Interaction

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Table

Score

Regarded as

Expressed

0-7

Low

Don't

Wanted

initiate

activities with others

Individuals

Don't

want others to initiate activities

8-19

Medium

Sometimes

initiate

activities with others

Sometimes others

to

want initiate

activities with you 20-27

High

Usually

initiate

activities with others

Usually,

individuals

want others to initiate activities

Table

Relationship of Total Expressed, Wanted Score

Mean

Total Expressed score ≥ Total Wanted score

You're probably more interested in taking the lead than making someone do it.

Total Wanted score ≥ Total Expressed score

You probably want others to take the initiative rather than you do yourself.

Total Expressed score ꞊ Total Wanted score

You may prefer to take the initiative most of the time, but at other times you prefer someone else to do that.

Table 4: Difference between Wanted and Expressed behaviours

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Difference Type

Positive

Negative

Difference

Expressed > Wanted

Expressed < Wanted

Description

Keep others away to prevent

feel

inhibited,

Expressed = Wanted feel

unwanted unsatisfied that you are not getting

behaviours. accept

Might

No difference

Only

what you could grow attached to

behaviours people who give you what you

from particular people. want. Reflect overall selfsatisfaction.

Applications of FIRO-B Conflict management Considering a team, most team members are intelligent, hardworking team players, but they cannot address, manage, and resolve conflict situations successfully. Most employees enter into a conflict with another co-worker because they do not feel heard, feel frustrated, are in a power struggle, or are not getting what they need from that person. The FIRO-B tool provides individual employees with an understanding of their approach to managing conflict and the strategies they can use in working through conflict with others. Application for Leadership Development Considering what drives leadership-related behaviours, it can trace it to needs and the satisfaction of those needs. Opportunities for work excellence flourish when the leader's interpersonal needs are satisfied. However, when those needs are unmet, challenges arise that can reduce their ability to lead effectively and to optimize the performance of the people and organizations they lead. The FIRO-B tool help leaders and potential leaders understand their behaviour and provide an excellent foundation for moving development forward. Application of group development

Most people's interactions with others are influenced and informed by whether they think the other person is an ally or is presenting a hurdle. The FIRO-B instrument will help an individual understand their motivation, choices, and flexibility in working with others. This understanding aid in the formation of

productive and effective teams.

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Appropriate Population

The instrument may be administered to anyone whose vocabulary is sufficient to understand the items and the instructions. The instrument has been successfully administered to individuals ranging in age from 14 to 90. There is no specific educational level recommended because, as noted above, it is the level of vocabulary and comprehension that is important.

Results

Table: Firo-B score and ranges

Expressed Inclusion

Expressed Control

Expressed Affection

Total Expressed Behaviors

(0 to 9)

(0 to 9)

(0 to 9)

(0 to 27)

4

4

7

15

Wanted Inclusion

Wanted Control

Wanted Affection

(0 to 9)

(0 to 9)

(0 to 9)

(0 to 27)

2

1

6

9

Total Need For Inclusion

Total Need For Control

(0 to 18)

(0 to 18)

(0 to 18)

(0 to 54)

6

5

13

24

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Total Wanted Behaviours

Total Need For Affection Overall Interpersonal Needs

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6.Interpretation of test results

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Applications of FIRO-B

Conclusion

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