Fundamentals Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

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Chapter 1: Nursing Today Nursing as a profession According to Benner, a, expert nurse goes through five levels of proficiency, identify them. a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ c. _____________________________________ d. _____________________________________ e. _____________________________________ What are the ANA Standards of Practice? a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ c. _____________________________________ d. _____________________________________ e. _____________________________________ f. _____________________________________ Define Nursing (according to the ANA). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Identify the ANA Standards of Professional Performance. a. _____________________________________ b. _____________________________________ c. _____________________________________ d. _____________________________________ e. _____________________________________ f. _____________________________________ g. _____________________________________ h. _____________________________________ i. _____________________________________ j. _____________________________________ What are the professional roles and responsibilities of a nurse? a. ________________________ b. ________________________ c. ________________________ d. ________________________ e. ________________________ f. ________________________ g. ________________________

Describe nursing’s code of ethics. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Explain the Nurse Practice Act ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Professional Responsibilities and Roles ___ Autonomy ___ Caregiver ___ Advocate ___ Educator ___ Communicator ___ Manager ___ APRN ___ Clinical Nurse Specialist ___ Nurse Practitioner ___ Certified Nurse-Midwife ___ CRNA ___ Nurse educator ___ Nursing administrator ___ Nurse researcher

a. investigates problems to improve nursing care and to expand the scope of nursing practice b. independent nursing interventions that the nurse initiates without medical orders c. Is central to the nurse-patient relationship d. Helps the patient maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence e. Manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency f. Has personnel, policy and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit g. Explains, demonstrates, reinforces, and evaluates the patient’s progress in learning h. Works primarily in schools of nursing and staf development i. Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice j. Involves the independent care for women in normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care of newborns k. Detects and manages self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions l. Provides surgical anesthesia m. Four core roles: certified nurse-midwife, certified nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, and certified registered nurse anesthetist n. Protects patient’s human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights.

Historical Highlights How did Florence Nightingale see the role of nurse in the early 1800s?

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ___ Clara Barton ___ Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster. ___ Mary Adelaid Nutting ___ Mary Mahoney

a. First professionally training African American nurse b. Instrumental in moving nursing education into universities c. Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of poor people d. Founder of the American Red Cross

What are the external forces that have afected nursing practice in the twenty-first century? a. _______________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________ d. _______________________________________________ e. _______________________________________________ Explain compassion fatigue: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Trends in Nursing Identify the competencies of the QSEN initiative. a. _________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________ d. _________________________________________________ e. _________________________________________________ Define the term genomics. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Professional Registered Nurse Education ___ Associate’s degree ___ Baccalaureate degree ___ Master’s degree ___ Doctor of Philosophy ___ Doctor of Nursing Practice

a. A practice-focused doctorate b. Emphasizes research-based clinical practice c. Emphasizes advanced knowledge in basic sciences and research-based clinical courses d. A 4-year program that includes social sciences,

___ In-service education ___ Continuing education

arts, and humanities e. Rigorous research and theory development f. Formal, organized educational programs ofered by various institutions g. Instruction or training provided by heath care agencies

Nursing Practice What is the purpose of the Nurse practice Acts? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The examination for RN licensure provides: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The value of certification is: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Professional Nursing Organizations The goals of any professional nursing organization is to: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2: The Healthcare Delivery System The Institute of Medicine’s vision to transform health care delivery states that nurses need: a. __________________________________________ b. __________________________________________ c. __________________________________________ d __________________________________________

Healthcare Regulation and Reform ___ Professional standards review organization (PSROs)

a. Review the admissions and

___ Utilization review (UR) committees ___ Prospective payment system (PPS) ___ Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) ___ Capitation ___ Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs) ___ Managed Care

identify and eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services b. Eliminated cost-based reimbursement c. Review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care d. Used in long-term care e. Hospitals receive a set dollar amount based on an assigned group f. Providers receive a fixed amount per patient g. Provider or health care system receives a predetermined capitated payment for each patient

Define Managed Care Organization (MCO). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define Medicare (including part A, B, C, and D) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define Medicaid. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define Private Insurance.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define Long-Term Care (LTC) Insurance. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Health Care Settings and Services Explain what integrated delivery networks (IDNs) are: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Give examples of each of the levels of health care services available in the US health care system. a. Primary care (health promotion) _________________________________________________ b. Preventive care _______________________________________________________________ c. Secondary acute care __________________________________________________________ d. Tertiary care _________________________________________________________________ e. Restorative care ______________________________________________________________ f. Continuing care _______________________________________________________________ The revised Magnet Model has five components afected by global issues; please identify: a. _________________________________________ b._________________________________________ c. _________________________________________ d. _________________________________________ e. _________________________________________ Chapter 5: Evidence-Based Practice Define Evidence-Based Practice. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Identify the steps of evidence-based practice.

a. ____________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________________________ e. ____________________________________________________________________________ f. ____________________________________________________________________________ g. ____________________________________________________________________________ Identify the five elements of a PICOT question. a. ________________________________________ b. ________________________________________ c. ________________________________________ d. ________________________________________ e. ________________________________________ What is the hierarchy of evidence? a. ____________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________________________ e. ____________________________________________________________________________ f. ____________________________________________________________________________ g. ____________________________________________________________________________ Nursing Research What is quantitative research? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What is qualitative research? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What are the six types of research? a. _______________________________ b. _______________________________ c. _______________________________ d. _______________________________ e. _______________________________ f. _______________________________

Name the steps of the research process. a. ____________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________________________ e. ____________________________________________________________________________ f. ____________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 6: Health and Wellness Describe three components of the Health Belief Model. a. ____________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________ The Health Promotion Model focuses on three areas. They are: a. ____________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________ Define the main concepts of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What are the eight dimensions of wellness? a._____________________________ b. ____________________________ c. _____________________________ d. _____________________________ e. _____________________________ f. ______________________________ g. ______________________________ Variables Influencing Health and Health Beliefs and Practices List the internal variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices a. ______________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________ List the external variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices a. _________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________ Health Promotion, Wellness, and Illness Prevention Gives examples of the levels of preventive care. a. Primary: _____________________________________________________________________ b. Secondary: __________________________________________________________________ c. Tertiary: _____________________________________________________________________ Risk Factors Define risk factor. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Identify at least two risk factors for each of the following categories. a. Genetic and physiological factors: ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b. Age: ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ c. Environment: ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ d. Lifestyle: ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Risk factor Modification and Changing Health Behaviors Briefly explain the five stages of health behavior change a. Precontemplation: ____________________________________________________________ b. Contemplation: _______________________________________________________________ c. Preparation: _________________________________________________________________ d. Action: ______________________________________________________________________ e. Maintenance: ________________________________________________________________ Illness Define illness:

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Explain the two general classifications of illness. a. Acute: ______________________________________________________________________ b. Chronic: _____________________________________________________________________ Chapter 7: Caring in Nursing Practice Define caring. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Explain Leininger’s concept of transcultural caring. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Explain Watson’s concept of transpersonal caring. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________...