HCCS 1301 Study Guide Test #2 PDF

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Houston Community College U.S History 1301 Study Guide Test # 2 Answer the following essay questions. Answers must be complete for full credit.

1. What unified the colonists and what divided them at the time of the Revolution? 

They believed they had the same way of life as their mother country (home/origin). They divided due to the taxing of imported printing goods and the Stamp Act (the cost of usage of stamps, official documents, commercial writings, and various articles).

2. What was the Federalist position regarding ratification of the Constitution? Why did the Anti-Federalist oppose ratification? What was the compromise that allowed for ratification of the Constitution? 

The Federalist believed the Constitution was the best way to have a strong government and executive branch. The anti-Federalist thought the new system would fail to protect individual rights and the supreme power (whomever was the “President”) of the states.

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The Great Compromise (the senate and the house of representative), Three-Fifths Compromise (how enslaved people should be counted), Commerce Compromise (the import tariff on finished products to protect against foreign competition) the Trade of Enslaved People. All played a role in the compromise that allowed them to agree of the Constitution.

3. What were the main elements of the Market Revolution? How did this revolution affect the lives of Women, African Americans, and Workers?

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Transportation, Mechanization and Commercial Farming. In the beginning of the 19th century, innovation opened which lead to new land to settle, lower transportation cost, and it made it easier for economic enterprises to sell their produces.

4. Explain the causes of Bacon’s Rebellion. How was this rebellion a conflict between the Virginia elite? What were the consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion? 

The cause of the rebellion was Governor William Berkeley's (governor of Virginia and one of the Lords Proprietors of the Colony of Carolina) refusal to attack the Native American’s on settlements. Which caused the governor of Virginia and his associates in the colony to supplement their earnings from tobacco growing by carrying on a trade with the Indians in the western parts of the colony. Slavery began to replace indentured servitude.

Identify and explain the significance of the following: 

Cotton Kingdom: Eli Whitney invented cotton gin to make it easier to cultivate land and decrease slavery; instead it allowed agricultural revenue in the south, eventually leading to an increase in the purchase of slaves.

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Tecumseh: A Shawnee chief of the Indians in Ohio made attacks on American frontier settlements, because they didn’t respect his tribes’ values, behaviors and beliefs on land that weren’t own to be negotiated away.

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Boston Massacre: A fight between the British soldiers and American colonists, because Caption Goldfinch didn’t pay his wig bill, ending with five people killed and a turning point of the American Revolution.

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Manifest Destiny: Was the belief that America should spread from coast to coast, to justify the forced removal of Native Americans and other groups from their homes from this it expanded institutions of civilization and democracy.

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Thomas Jefferson:

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Impressment: Forcing someone into government service; such as the British did to American sailors, because their navy suffered manpower due to the low pay and lack of qualified seamen causing the War of 1812.

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French Revolution: The purpose of the French Revolution was to take the power away from the king but in the end, they ended up back where they started; which caused rising bread prices, debt, war, social class system, and unfair taxes.

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Articles of Confederation: A plan structure of the new government that establish the functions of the national government.

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French and Indian War:

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Lord Dunsmore’s Proclamation:

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Battle of New Orleans: The battle's importance was to gain control of the American's port but the British losses, which gave the opportunity for Andrew Jackson, a national hero who lead the American's, a chance to boost their pride.

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Bill of Rights:

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Haitian Revolution:

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Benjamin Banneker: Was a Mathematician, astronomer, surveyor, and inventor that created the first clock in the United States, which helped predict weather and seasonal changes, later helped his fellow African Americans to the world of science.

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Steam Boats: After the Revolutionary War, it proved a high demanded method of commercial and passenger transportation along the Mississippi River and other inland U.S. rivers. Not only helping it expand factory locations near the cities, rivers, and coastal ports, but with high demand for goods and fuel, along came thousands of jobs in coal mines and factories, plus an increase in exploration and settlement....