Hematology Study Guide 1 PDF

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Hematology Study Guide 1. Know the all normal labs values for complete blood count (CBC).  CBC- measure amount, volume, and concentration of blood cells o RBC- 4.5-5.5 million (4-5 females) o WBC- 4,000-11,000 cells/microliter o Platelets- 150-400 (thousand) mm3 o Hgb- 14-17 males, 12-16 females g/dL o Hct- 42-52% males, 36-48% females o Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)- 84-96 fL (femtoliters) o Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)- 32-36 g/dL o RET- 0.5-1.5% = % of reticulocytes (immature RBCs) 2. What are the stages of hemostasis? Describe the components and outline each stage. Hemostasis= stoppage of blood flow  Vasospasm and vasoconstriction o Vessel spasms and constricts to stop blood flow and limit damage  Platelet activation (vWF)  Hemostatic plug (platelet aggregation- fibrinogen)  Coagulation  Stable clot formation (fibrin) o Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin  Coagulation Factors: o Plasma proteins (produced by liver)- circulate as inactive procoagulation factors o Calcium (factor IV)  coagulation cascade  stable clot o Vitamin K crucial to coagulation cascade Coagulation Cascade pathways  Intrinsic- due to vessel damage o All clotting factors are within blood vessels o **Slower, HEPARIN o PTT- 25-35 seconds  Extrinsic- due to tissue damage o Initiating factor is outside blood vessels o **Faster o PT- 10-15 seconds  Both pathways join in the end  common pathway to stable fibrin clot Clot Removal  Edges of clot start to retract and come together 20-60 mins after formation  Clot dissolution= fibrinolysis o Plasminogen  plasmin  digests fibrin and clotting factors

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3. What is thrombocytopenia? What complications can occur? What happens in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?  Disorder of decreased platelets (...