HFMD 3570 Decorative Accessories Merchandising Notes PDF

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August 27, 2018 Terms for the industry category? ● Decorative Accessories (DecAcc) ● Home Accents ● Accent furniture ● Home Decor (HomeDec) ● Decorative Arts ● “Jewelry for the home” ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

“Fashion” of the industry On-trend products Function to consumer Aesthetic value Wide range of taste and preferences Historical influences Inspirations

“Modern man associates himself with the ancient world not in order to reflect it like a mirror, but to capture its spirit and apply it in a modern way.” -Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) “I never dreamed about success. I worked for it. -Estee Lauder Home Furnishings ● Casegoods ● Upholstery ● Bedding systems ● Decorative Accessories Inspiration for DecAcc products… ● History ● Nature ● Past styles ● Stylized motifs ● Different cultures ● Time periods September 5, 2018 Evolution of Objects... Antiquity & Antiquities ● Pertains to Ancient - Greece, Egyptian, or Roman artifacts.

● 1,000+ years old. Antique or Original or Period ● 100 years old

“Antique” ● Near antique ● Almost antique ● 75 to 99 years old ● Old Reproduction ● To produce again ● To imitate closely Adaptation ● Rewritten into new form ● Specific/new use or situation ● Modification Interpretation

C. 1700

Inspiration ● Gives an idea about what to do or create ● Influence on products

Vintage --- Vintage”y” ● 25 to 74 years ● Usually refers to clothing and textile items Collectibles ● Historical memorabilia ● Collectors ● 25 years or less? Retro (retrospective) ● IKEA - “retro” lamp

Text + Industry Publications ● Shelter Publications (consumer focus) ● Design/HF Blogs (consumer focus)

● Trade Publications (industry focus) -- Home Accents Today September 10, 2018 Licensing & Branding in HF & DecAcc Descriptions… ● Licensor - owner (Notable Name - my words) of a “property” (name, logo, likeness, saying, signature, etc.) ● Licensee - renter (mfg) of a “property” Why use licensing partnerships? ● Familiarity ● Instant recognition (notable name) ● Pre-sell to target customers ● Assurance/trust ● Speed/shopping efficiency ● Image/lifestyle ● Emotional connection ● Ongoing relationships Characteristics of licensing ● Jane Seymour & Michael Amini (recognizable in the book) ● Create mystique/interest ● Salespeople - buzzwords and connections ● Relationships, brand recognition ● Original styles and/or additional groups ● More work to build  a brand than simply sell a license ● Look up Kathy Ireland (a model moguel) History… ● Late 1800s Punch & Judy banks ● 1903 Peter Rabbit toy (from book) ● 1904 Buster Brown ● 1920s Mickey Mouse notebooks ● 1940s Hickory Chair & James River (HF) ● 1970s Pink Panther 250 licensees; The Muppets ● 1977 Star Wars $2.5 B - set in motion for today ● 1980s accelerated growth (tv shows, sports) ● 1990s more in HF ○ 1983 - Ralph Lauren

○ 1990 - Bob Timberlake - Lexington ○ Many more ● To today ○ 100s of HF/DecAcc ○ Look for examples Hickory Chair ● 1941 - inspiration - antiques in elegantly appointed interiors of stately homes along James River in Virginia. ● Fine aesthetics, balance in scale, refinement in shapes and lines, intricate inlays and crisp carving, acanthus leaves, shells, and ball and claw feet. ● James River Historic Homes (Licensor) ● Hickory Chair (Licensee) ● E.J. Victor is the furniture licensee ● Ralph Lauren is licensor... Bob Timberlake - an Arts and Crafts Collection - Lexington Furniture Industries (not there anymore) Earl Spencer - Althorp - Theodore Alexander ● Traffic to showrooms ● Public appearance markets/retail events True or False? There was a licensed agreement to produce a Elvis Presley collection line List for ARTS Awards Categories ● Product categories ○ Accent furniture St. Denis, 1140 AD -- Gothic Eiffel Tower Influences and Inspiration - Motifs & Ornamentation ● Toile de Jouy:

September 12, 2018 Test 1 - in Canvas ● Open from 10am Friday closes at 11pm Saturday ● 50 questions from larger test bank ● 50 minutes from time you begin ● 1 attempt ● NOT open book Review - covered? ● Ch.1 ● Lectures ● Licensing and Branding ● Industry organization - one in particular ● Evolution of objects ● Industry trade resources ● Inspiration -● Presentations *image of black figure pottery* → (inspiration) *Williams Sonoma, Inc vase* *witch wood blue vase* → (inspiration) *china wear* *Tiffany lamp* (now 1 million each) → (inspiration) *Dale Tiffany lamp* *Rene Lalique vase* → (inspiration) Lalique Neiman Marcus ● Name of the items ● Material made of ● Historical significance ● Famous maker/designer 1800s Whisk

1918s

Product Life Cycle & Trend Life Cycle (look at diagram in textbook) ● Quatrefoil and Trefoil products ● Trend Curve Cycle (in textbook) ● Classic examples: strasbourg, Gorham, 1897, monograms, mirrors (uttermost) ● Fad examples: name pillows, beaded doors, ● Seasonal: Christmas, Halloween, Easter decacc., outdoor furniture, ● Nostalgia or Revival (maybe Vintage): mixer?, casablanca licensed furniture (thomasville) Video Notes: The Tiffanys the Mark of Excellence ● Tiffanys were farmers ● Charles Louis Tiffiany, born 1812? ● Bought a mill and included a country store (charles learned the lessons or retail here) ● Charles returned to school after hiring a replacement ● Changed mill to Tiffany and Sons ● Moved to NY in 1837 ● Not in the best shape (fires and financial, pigs roamed the streets) ● John Young and Tiffany opened a fancy goods store, chinese luxury goods, etc., porcelain, glass ● Tiffany & Young ● Tiffany, Young & Ellis ● Tiffany married Harriet

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In 10 years, the moved to a larger location and had children Revolution in France Tiffany sent a buyer to France, Diamonds fell to 50%, rumored to be some of Marie Antoine Charles Tiffany is the king of diamonds Cyrus Field made a deal Young and Ellis retired -- Became Tiffany and Co April 12, 1861 -- Civil War -- business went to a standstill Brought in army caps, uniform, and swords Oldest son went to military training (teach discipline) graduated at the age of 17 Oldest son was good at drawing and painting Oldest son went to Europe -- enjoyed stained glass New pride -- american gemstones 1867 - Paris Exhibition -- bronze metal in silver design (awarded to Tiffany) Needed a new building (bigger) Saved money, by working to work, preferred to stay at home with his wife and children South African Mine -- attracted the most attention to his store (is still there) 18 million? Gilded age Silver was the most popular for eating Jewels shows wealth for the women, bought by men (tried to outdo each other) Sold more than 600 million in jewels Designed an interior design firm Work was influenced by exotic cultures LC also got into lighting fixtures Had the largest stained glass company in the country Wealthy Americans wanted his stained glass in their homes Also made decorative vases and lamps Tiffany was not much of a businessman, his factory lost money Cared more about his work LC was a flamboyant man Charles L. Tiffany died of pneumonia Charles T. Cook took over the company His estate was worth $12 million -- LC got $4 million LC used the majority of his money on his home -- Laurrental Hall In 1900, he was considered the glass maker of the world LC was a perfectionist Had six children Threw an Egyptian party Had to get costumes approved

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In the 1920’s his designs were no longer popular 1928, he retired, he painted landscapes of his garden Died at the age of 84 in his home Made a little sketch

Sept. 17, 2018 GLASS VIDEOS All About Glass Blowing (Introductory Class) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxgIEeIBCFo&feature=youtu.be Footed Goblet with Pineapple Dip Molded Cup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlP7eyfCSzU&feature=youtu.be Quatrefoil Goblet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmRjlRV0R8E&feature=youtu.be Baccarat, the crystal of princes and presidents https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFEO29gw9kg&feature=youtu.be How a Baccarat Chandelier is made - BrandmadeTV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eibQT41ZUbs&feature=youtu.be Enameled Goblet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svFcxTyOKbc&feature=youtu.be Millefiori Ball https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BavUGRMi0QE&feature=youtu.be Matt Kehoe, Design Director, Waterford Crystal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWibRLVAsr0&feature=youtu.be Daum Glass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTJOg13_zn8&feature=youtu.be Lalique Style et Savoir faire - Crystal Classic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nkdNXGGkXg&feature=youtu.be How to Make Tiffany Reproductions Interior Lamp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yt_nLsO7XgY&feature=youtu.be Swarovski dazzling impact on history and culture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZzZMnauVi4&feature=youtu.be From inspiration to store - discover how a Swarovski Stardust piece is made https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XTXUyi9Mj0&feature=youtu.be How It’s Made Glass Cookware https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrrCuMMYL80&feature=youtu.be How the glass in a Pyrex Baking Dish is made! - BrandmadeTV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImUvNxlxGGc&feature=youtu.be Chihuly Drawing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b3Kg5wShec&feature=youtu.be

Time-lapse: Chihuly Chandelier Installation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8265dD3kTHU Forging art and business in Dale Chihuly’s workshop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NY-9kDMkL4&feature=youtu.be Tiffany ● Pantone 1837 Charles Tiffany -- Father Louis Comfort Tiffany -- Son ● Chartres Cathedral -- Latin Cross Plan -- Gothic Style ● What was the Tiffany “Mark of Excellence”? ● What product categories ● What did LCT perfect or invent? ● Laurelton Hall ● View of Oyster Bay ● House burnt down Glass ● “Nothing more final” ● There is nothing more final… It ceases to exist in its original mass. A fragment held all wet with tears, lives only in memory down through the years” Dale Chihuly Uses of Glass Container ● Bottles ● Drinking glasses ● Baking/storage Flat and Architectural ● Windows ● Glass blocks ● Mirrors ● Table tops Art ● Vases

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Sculptural Novelty Stained Foamed glass for insulation (fiberglass) Optical Lenses Textiles

September 19, 2018 6 Categories of Glass ● Soda-lime glass ● Lead glass ● Heat resistant ● Aluminosilicate glass ● Ninety-six percent silica ● Fused silica Corning Museum of Glass -- Explore/research (take timeline quiz of glass history) Shaping and Forming ● Blown ● Mold Blown ● Pressing Decorative Processes ● Cutting ● Engraving ● Etching ● Frosting ● Gilded ● Embossing ● Decal Color in Glass ● Stained ● Flashed ● Cased - Overlay ● Painted

● Enameled Short History of Glass First “glass”? ● Lightning ● Craters/Meteorite or impact glass -- naturally occurring Libyan desert glass ● Volcanic glass - obsidian ○ Natural ○ Cutting tools ○ 12,500 B.C. or older ○ “Gemstones” Glass through the Ages ● Beads

● Egyptian glass vials.. Medicines, oils, poisons.. 50 B.C. - Early Glassmaking Blowing glass ● Labor-intensive - only wealthy can afford The Roman connection ● Roman glass - soda-lime type

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○ Crude glass for windows (poor quality) Famous Portland Vase The Romans were the first known to use glass for windows In England, glass became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early 17th century whereas windows made up panes of flattened animal horn were used…

The British Museum ● Cameo glass ● 1-25 AD (Greece/Rome)

● Duke of Portland ● British Museum since 1810 ● Loaned to Josiah Wedgwood

300 - 1450 - Middle Ages ● Byzantine (330 - 1453) mosaics 500 - 1450 - Islamic Glass ● Fall Roman Empire - 476 A.D. ● Processes disappeared ● 7th C. Muslims conquered lands ... central Europe to Spain - 1400s ● Islamic glassmakers revived Roman techniques, developed new forms and types of ornament Middle Ages - Stained glass ● Ste. Chappelle, Paris, mid-1200s, Louis IX, windows - jewel box

500 - 1450 - Medieval Gothic ● Byzantine mosaics →

● Middle Ages - 1150s - 1459s ○ Stained glass - cathedrals → Storytelling, decorative, lighting for the church Malcolm Miller - Reading Chartres Cathedral 1450-1700 Early European Glass ● Renaissance - luxury glass making flourished → Italy ● 13th - 15th C. - Venetians on Murano made cristallo - thin, colorless glass resembling rock crystal ● 16th C. Venetians making elaborate wares, exported throughout Europe and Islamic East ● Venetians are known for Chandeliers September 24, 2018 Upcoming… ● Readings from HAT ○ Home Accents Universe Studies 2012, 2014, 2016 Contributions to Glass - Venetian ● Murano Venetian Goblets and Vases

1450 - 1700 Early European Glass ● Knowledge of Venetian glassworking techniques spread ● Late 17th C. - technological breakthroughs - brilliance ○ English added to batch - leaded glass/lead crystal (cristallo) ○ Bohemians added color ○ G. Ravenscroft, 1677 1700 - 1890 -- Europe and America

Industrialization → growing middle class Demand for elegant consumer goods Assortment of high quality glass Cutters, engravers - important as glassblowers *look up percentages in textbook* 1820s - pressing machine - American contribution to glass industry. Tripled tableware production ● Barovier & Toso ● ● ● ● ● ●

1890 - 1960 -- Modern Glass ● Art Nouveau to Modernism ● Art Nouveau (New Art) organic/sinuous/asymmetry - 1880 - 1914 ● Art Deco - geometric ● After 1945 - design of everyday objects gained importance to emphasize modern ideals of utility, beauty, and affordability 1960-present -- Studio Glass - Glass Sculpture -- Art Glass ● Early 20th C. art glass made by teams of factory workers for Tiffany, Steuben, Galle ● Art glass changed dramatic change after 1960 ● Harvey Littleton (Corning, NY) - advocate of arts education ● Student Dale Chihuly ● Lino Tagliapietra Vaseline Glass What makes it glow? 2% Uranium Dioxide Ireland ● Waterford 1780s ● Today France ● Early flat glass - 1688 ● Italian mirror industry ● 40 to 45” long, impressive at the time ● Competition with Venetians ● Baccarat Logo

● September 26, 2018 Contributions to Glass ● Germany ○ Scientific study -- lenses? ● Bohemian ○ Imitated Venetian ○ Introduced color Contributions to Glass - American ● 1820s - Press-molding ● 1903 - Steuben - extremely refractive quality “10M.” ● 1903 - Owens - bottling machine ● 1830 - Cape Cod ● SGM - Sandwich Glass Museum Contributions to Glass - 20th C. ● Tiffany -- Peacocks (inspiration) ● Art Nouveau: 1890’s ○ US ■ Tiffany ● France ○ Daum Lalique ● Scandinavian: 1920-30s’ ○ New glassmaking techniques ○ Art glass and crystal ○ Artists ○ Orrefors Hand Blown ● Glass ceiling/Bellagio’s lobby

● Ice-Cellar (Glaciere) France, about 1701-1725 Mold - Blown ● Ancient ● Modern machine method Pressing Decorative Processes Water Glass vs. Champagne Flute differences ● Glass: silica - soda lime - potash ● Crystal: Contains lead ○ Imitates rock crystal ○ Lead oxide (not lime) ○ Brilliance when cut ○ High refraction ○ Luster, Ring Cut ● Years of practice Lightner Museum, St. Augustine, FL American Brillant ● Brilliant Period 1850s - 1915-ish ● Leader in cut glass ● Immigrants… skilled cutters ● $$$$$$$ ● Corning, Libbey, Hawkes ● Libbey ○ Age: Pre-1900 Compare the two… Cut ● More sheen- Brilliant light refraction ● More precise Pressed ● Foggy ● Soft to the touch

Pressed Glass ● Or Patterned Glass - 1850 to 1910 ● Cut glass alternative ● Mechanically made ● Cut-glass patterns copied ● “Orange peel” ● Everyday, durable, attractive ● Collectable ● Sandwich Glass Co. ● Machinery to press glass ● Glass knobs for furniture Depression Glass ● Late 1920’s/1930’s ● Machine made pressed, many colors ● Promotional GWP - cereals or flour sacks ● Higher quality - Heisey, Imperial, Fostoria - collectable today ● Fostoria’s American - most successful pattern, 1915-1986 Amber Glass ● Williams Sonoma, Crate and Barrel, Pier 1 ● Original pieces reasonable $ Iridized/Iridescent Glass ● Favrile glass; ● Fabrile-handmade ● Tiffany ● Weathered ancient glass look ● Sprayed with a vapor deposit of metal oxides ● Iridescent glass. -- developed in the US by L.C. Tiffany Carnival Glass ● “Poor man’s Tiffany” ● Inexpensive, pressed, rainbow-colored ● 1895 - 1924: US ● Iridescent ware - carnival Fenton 1907 ● Name in 1950’s comeback ● 1000+ patterns in USA alone

● Initial failure -- prizes in carnivals ● Very collectable today Millefiori ● “1000 flowers” Mercury or Silvered Glass ● “Poor man's silver” appearance of silver ● Double walled ● Coating of silver coloring inside ● Less expensive than real silver (tarnish free) ● Early internal coating was mercury (toxic) ● Silver nitrate used instead ● Hole on the bottom access for pouring Milk Glass ● Flashes when held in the light ● Onced places in boxes and given away at movie theaters? Rene Lalique ● Jeweler and glass maker ● Celebrity in Art Nouveau ● 1908 - perfume bottles for Francois Coty ● Car Mascots Daum France Cased - Overlay ● Blown ● Layers of different… October 1, 2018 Chapter 12 Carpets & Rugs (really only look at carpet) The Big Picture ● Basic background ● Historical references or area ● Regions, countries, origin ● Process - pattern development, construction

● Names encountered - Tabriz, Heriz, Aubusson ● Companies and sales data Paul Gauguin: “Oh you painters who ask for a technique of color, study carpets - there you will find everything that is knowledge.” Rugs in Today’s Marketplace by Construction Type Handmade ● Hand-knotted (best) ● Hand-woven ● Hand-tufted (in-between hand made and machine made) ● Hand-hooked ● Hand-made ● Hand-crafted Machine Made ● Power looms ● Woven ● Tufted Introduction to Oriental Rugs ● Pakistani Hand-knotted oriental rug October 3, 2018 Oriental Carpets & Rugs ● Lifetime of study ● Great eye for design, color, patina ● Read and study history, construction, and culture ● Visit reputable dealers ● Compare hand made and machine made 4,500 books on Amazon over oriental carpets Influence of rugs and carpets (rugs on tabletops) ● Merchants ● Explorers

Portrait of the Merchant Georg Gisze 1532

The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein (constantly put carpet on table tops)

Marie Antoinette and her children: Marie Therese, Louis Charles and Louis Joseph (Savonnerie carpet in painting) (Savonnerie, cut pile?)

1736-52 French Savonnerie MET, New York

Flokati Rug

“Flying carpet” Nomadic Origins ● Trent-dwellers ○ Protection, insulation ○ Decor

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Color - warm/cool - hard life Dyes - insects, roots, bark, grapefruit seeds From of writing Techniques passed down generations Location, origin, pattern

Nomadic Origins ● Turkey, Persia, Suiberia, Mongolia ● Spread via invading armies and traders (Polo) to Europe via Venice trade routes 10,000 Villages October 8, 2018 Outline for Carpets & Area Rugs ● Rug producing regions of the world today ● Historical facts ● Design and Construction ○ Categories of Construction ■ Handmade: hand knotted, hand woven, hand tufted, hand hooked ○ Machine made: tufted, woven ○ Design process ■ Motifs and Meanings ■ Creating the designs ● Popular fibers ● Companies to know: Loloi rugs *look at labeled rug in textbook* field, medallion, main border, guard border, corner bracket (often, but not all the time) Hand knotted:

● Turkish: symmetrical: Ghiordes

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Persian: asymmetrical: Senneh Authentic Poiental - (‘from the east’) Persian European - French, English Today’s hand knotted ○ New designs, traditional methods

The Carpet Merchande c.1887 Jean Leon… Oriental Rug ● Describers hand-knotted rugs ● Aristocrats of carpets ● Density (# of knots per square inch) indicator of fineness ● Great carpet-producing areas ○ Turkey, Persia, Caucasus, Pakistan, India and China Pazyryk

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Frozen tombs, Rug fragment 4th/5th c. B.C. Found in 1940s, Siberia Knot style still used today

Categorizing Oriental Carpets ● Weaving ○ Nomadic people ● Village ○ “Cottage industry” ; settle...