HIS 325 Lecture 15 - Professor Janet Chen PDF

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Professor Janet Chen...

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HIS 325 Lecture 15 1) Republic of China on Taiwan a) Taiwan Restoration from Japanese b) Taiwanese vs. mainlanders i) Didn’t speak the same language ii) Resentment iii) Japanese was spoken among intellectuals in Taiwan, because it was a Japanese colony iv) Chen Yi as the Taiwan governor c) Feb 28, 1947 (2-28 Incident) i) Inspector searching for illegal tobacco vendors ii) Inspectors hit a woman, people seek justice (1) Violent demonstration (2) Taiwanese beat up mainlanders iii) Significance (a) Short-term: white terror (i) Chiang kai shek put Ching Ching Kuo in charge of secret police (ii) Chiang ruled Taiwan with an iron fist 1. Anti-communism 2. Martial law imposed until 1987 3. No election can be held because the entire country was not “united” 4. Taiwan was an authoritarian state for 40 yrs (b) Long-term: 2-28 made big historical significance (i) It was erased and forbidden to talk about until Taiwan became democratic d) CIA predicted the CCP would take over Taiwan around 1950 i) CCP positioned soldiers on the coast, ready to take over Taiwan anytime e) Outbreak of Korean War in June, 1950 i) Taiwan is a strategic place to fight in the Korea War for US ii) PRC intervened in the war in October, 1950 iii) With US as an ally again, Taiwan believed they can take back mainland f) Land reform in Taiwan i) Enormous effect in 1949, people started owning their own land g) Taiwan Miracle 1960-1970 i) Cheap production of everyday essentials ii) Everything that is made in China etc. today were all made in Taiwan iii) Fastest growing economy 2) People’s Republic of China a) Tiananmen Square Oct 1, 1949 i) “long live chariman Mao” – only something used to be said to the imperial family b) Urban Administration i) How to deal with newly liberated cities ii) CCP only deal with rural villages

iii) How to police the street and restore orders iv) To create new bureaucracy to deal with education, health, security etc. c) How to deal with all these new changes i) needed taxes and was accused of being like the old regime ii) need to figure out how to deal with finance iii) not many people with accounting skill to deal with money iv) many were illiterate v) not many have been to the cities, low education in general vi) heard a lot of bad things about the South vii) needed a lot of new cadres in the cities for urban administrations viii)trying to train students for urban administration (1) clashes between students and illiterate veterans (2) veterans looked down on students for their bougie ways ix) a lot of daily meetings were held to teach students the CCP way d) Agrarian Reform Law 1950 i) Landlords 4%, Rich peasants 6%, middle peasants 20%, poor peasants 70% ii) How to restore land for everywhere iii) Goal is to make redistribute lands of landlords, make sure rich and middle peasants to keep only what they have now, make sure poor peasants to have more lands iv) Major effects: (1) economic (a) For many people they were able to live with enough food (2) Political – class labels (a) Trying to lower their classes so they wouldn’t be accused of being rich peasant or landlords (b) Landlords labeled people lost almost everything (3) Broke the unequal land distribution in rural area v) Through land reform, the people taught people a new series of principles and languages, and demonstrated the power of the CCP e) Outbreak of Korean War increased political tensions 3) Marriage Law 1950 a) Gender equality in families i) Banned arranged marriages and concubines b) “divorce law” i) women divorced husbands c) sent out cadres to rate marriages i) resented upon d) some cadres wanted to divorced their village wives and wanted to marry sophisticated city women (1) cadres took the law carelessly or tried to find ways to go around the law e) accused to granting divorces easily i) easy go, easy come (1) a lot of people didn’t even bother to get married f) cadres got very involved in people’s lives

g) government stopped promoting marriage law h) as an evidence of CCP not actually trying to promote gender equality 4) Institutions of control and surveillance a) Hukou- registration system i) A permit to live in that area as a citizen ii) Urban: jobs, food, education etc. iii) Rural: labor (not really need the guarantees) (1) strict control in internal migration iv) system not as strictly enforced in 1990s b) danwei- work unit i) danwei employees (1) source of iron rice bowl (2) guarantee insurance, food, jobs etc. (3) sense of belonging is important ii) monitor employee’s political actions, loyalties etc. c) Jumin weiyuanhui- neighborhood residents’ committee i) Eyes and ears of the government ii) Intrudes into people’s lives d) Government was able to monitor local lives 5) Early 1950s: Golden Age? a) Government responded to people most quickly unlike today’s corruptness b) People felt like they were part of a community c) A lot of political rumors i) Korean war ii) Chiang kai shek coming back to maindland d) Hundred flower movement etc....