History 102 (Part 17) - Professor: Samantha Perez PDF

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Professor: Samantha Perez...

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Charles I of England (r. 1625 – 1649)  Son and successor of James I o Influenced by policies and absolutism of his father  Believes in divine right of Kings  Protestant but Catholic sympathies o 1625- Married Henrietta Maria, Sister of Louis XIII of France (Catholic) o Tries more catholic- learning reform within Anglican Church o Angers puritans in Parliament!  Abuses Parliament o Only summons parliament when he needs money Charles I’s Parliament Problems  Charles constantly in need of money o Looks for way to boost revenue without summoning parliament o Begins to issue taxes (without parliament’s consent!) and forced loans, abuse the rights of English people  1628-Parliament issues the Petition of Rights, a constitutional document limiting the king’s power o No taxation without Parliament’s consent o No housing soldiers in private homes o No marital laws during peacetime o No imprisonment without due cause  Charles agrees to petition, receives money from Parliament, then disbands parliament o Doesn’t summon Parliament again for 11 years o Increasingly dire financial situation for Charles Bishops’ War’nd Short and Long Parliament  Charles I also tries to exert uniformity and absolute command over churches in his united British territories (England, Ireland, Scotland) o Goal: Create a unified church of his British territories (including Calvinist Scotland) o But irreconcilable differences between Calvinism and Anglicanism!  Leads to the Bishops War (1639 – 1640) o Scotland resists Charles I’s Anglican religious edicts, rebels against English religious standards o Now Charles needs money to defeat Scotland  Charles I forced to summon Parliament for money to build army… Short & Long Parliament  1640- Short Parliament o Charles summons parliament to fund Bishops’ war o Get money, immediately disbands parliament  1640 – 1654- Long Parliament

Summoned again for money This time, they refuse to disband without their consent Nobles and commoners gain power away from monarch Pass the Triennial Act: mandates that Parliament be called at least once every 3 years Increased puritan religious- political influence in parliament Tensions between Charles I and Parliament almost at breaking point o o o o

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