History Crimes Against Kansas Chapter 13 PDF

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Chapter 13 pages 476-491 lecture plus Sumner’s Speech Charles Sumner’s Speech – Reading Quiz #5 Why did the southern slave states, according to Charles Sumner, want to repeal the Missouri Compromise & replace it with the Kansas-Nebraska Act? The southern states wanted to add another slave state because it would increase the power of the slaveholding states in the national government. Why does Sumner characterize the Kansas-Nebraska Act as a swindle? Under the Missouri Compromise, Kansas & Nebraska were free territories, but the KansasNebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise and made slavery possible in these two territories. He argues that northerners had been robbed of future free states. Why did the southern slave-holding states, according to Sumner, want Kansas and Nebraska? The southern states had already spread & created states out of their portion of the Louisiana Purchase, so they wanted Kansas and Nebraska to enhance their political power in Congress and protect their interests from the increasingly populous northern states. What does Sumner mean by portraying the South as a “waning Oligarchy”? He viewed slaveholders as oligarchs because they were immensely wealthy & few in number, but they still controlled the government; he recognized, however, that slavery was disappearing around the world and that the northern states would continue to grow in population and power. By using this term, he wanted to play on northern frustrations of southern slaveholders’ power in the government. Who is the mistress of Mr. Andrew Butler (the senator from South Carolina)? Slavery What does Sumner mean by portraying the mistress as “ugly to others” but “always lovely” to Senator Butler? Sumner recognized that most of the world had abolished or limited slavery, but he also recognizes that slavery continues to grow in power & prevalence in the south. Why did the metaphor of slavery as a mistress cause so much damage and enrage Butler, Brooks, and other southerners?

Everyone knew that slaveholders raped their slaves, but out of respect for one another, people did not mention it in public; Sumner hinted that Brooks raped slaves just like southerners had raped Kansas & Nebraska. What solutions did northerners suggest for punishing Preston Brooks for caning Charles Sumner? (2 answers) They wanted to kick him out of the government. They proposed standing up for themselves, by violent means, if necessary. How did southerners support Preston Brooks & approve his actions? (2 answers) They lamented that Brooks had damaged his cane defending the honor of the South. They blamed northerners for trampling over southern rights.

What quotes from Sumner refer to the Slave Power? (3 answers) It was a swindle of the North by the South. On the part of those who had already completely enjoyed their share of the Missouri Compromise, it was a swindle of those whose share was yet absolutely untouched. It may be clearly traced to a depraved desire for a new Slave State, hideous offspring of such a crime, in the hope of adding to the power of Slavery in the National Government. It is done for the sake of political power, in order to bring two new slaveholding Senators upon this floor, and thus to fortify in the National Government the desperate chances of a waning Oligarchy.

Session Crisi0073 – Key terms quiz #7 What term describes the portrayal of slaveholders as fatherly to mask & justify the brutal reality of slavery? It enabled slaveholders to think of themselves as kind masters. Paternalism What defense of slavery focused on racism, white supremacy, slavery as a natural condition for black people, and the belief that slavery lead to human progress?

Proslavery Argument Who escaped to Philadelphia in 1849 and then risked her life & freedom by making numerous trips back to her state of birth to lead relatives & other slaves to freedom? Harriet Tubman What was the last large-scale rebellion in southern history? It demonstrated that slaves stood at a fatal disadvantage in any violent encounter with an armed, united white community. Nat Turner’s Rebellion What idealistic groups tried to find substitutes for traditional gender relations and marriage patterns? They created communities and focused on creating social harmony. Utopian Communities What reform campaign aroused considerable hostility because it condemned alcohol consumption? Temperance Movement What movement resulted in a provisional government in Texas, the Battle of the Alamo, and Texas’s independence/ The Texas Revolt What was the first American conflict fought primarily on foreign soil? It was supported by most Americans, who had an expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to control the continent. Mexican War What proposed prohibited slavery in all of the territory acquired from Mexico in the MexicanAmerican War? It passed the House of Representatives, but it did not pass the Senate. Wilmot Proviso What legislation allowed special federal commissioners to determine the fate of alleged fugitives without the benefit of trial by jury or even testimony. Fugitive Slave Act

Missouri Compromise of 1820 – drew a line in the LA Purchase and it banned slavery except for Missouri. It achieved glory and status as a piece of legislation

because it kept the piece on the slavery issue and settled the issue so fairly to everyone’s satisfaction.

 Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 – threatened to repeal the famous Missouri Compromise. It would allow residents of Kansas and Nebraska vote on the issue of slavery in their territories. It made Northerners mad. Kansas and Nebraska was above the Missouri Compromise line therefore the MC mandated that no slavery would exist there. It mandated that they would be free territories. The Southern states had already carved out their portion of the Missouri Compromise. Below the line they had already created all the states; LA, AR and only the little piece of OK to go Above the line though, there were plenty of states still to exist. MN, Dakotas, WY and more plus Kansas and Nebraska. By repealing the MC, Southerners hopes slavery would spread into at least some of these territories. By letting the voters of KS and NE choose on the subject of slavery for themselves, Congress created a scenario for Civil War in Kansas.

Bleeding Kansas On the day of the vote people from Missouri (Border Ruffians) crossed into Kansas and illegally voted in favor of a pro-slavery constitution. As a result of this unfair election, KS created a pro-slavery constitution called the Lecompton Constitution… named after the capital city of KS. Many anti-slavery people in Kansas protested because the unfair election because of all those fraudulent votes. They refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the vote and refused to honor the Lecompton Constitution.

Protests became violent. In many ways, KS became the host of a civil war. Pro-slavery supporters had their capital city in Lecompton while anti-slavery supporters called Jayhawks created a separate capital city. Separate governments and followed separate constitutions and fought one another. Originally the U.S. government (Congress) and the president Franklin Pierce had accepted the pro-slavery constitution as legitimate. As a result of the civil war however, anti-slavery forces led by John Brown, eventually prevailed. In short, Kansas became the first site of the Civil War.

Crime Against Kansas In response to this controversy, Northerners became furious with Southerners for repealing the MC and passing the Kansas Nebraska Act. In response to this, Charles Sumner took the Senate floor and gave a multiple day speech that eventually was printed and distributed for sale across the North.

Sumner’s Speech on “The Crime against Kansas” Delivered to the U.S. Senate May 19-20, 1856 by Charles Sumner His speech he contended is concerning the “peace of the whole country.” Describes a crime has been committed against Kansas. “wickedness” Key quotes: “Not in any common lust for power did this uncommon tragedy…” “The rape of a virgin territory” (Kansas) because it did not have slavery “Out of a depraved desire for a new Slave State…” For the hope of adding to the power by adding a new slave state.

“Swindle of the North by the South…” means the Northern free states had the right to expand into the Kansas and Nebraska territories because those states would not have slavery either. (page 5) “Popular Sovereignty” (page 5) “Popular Sovereignty equal to popular slavery” (page 6) The southern states had already used up their portion of the LA Purchase. Sumner portrays all of these as a crime, as a swindle by the Slave Power. “It is done for the sake of political power…” Sumner is referring to 2 senators from Kansas that would have pro-slavery allegencies. (page 6) “by waning Oligarchy…” (page6) Sumner is referring to the Slave Power, because southern slave holders were very wealthy, very few in number, but nonetheless controlled the National Government through the presidency and the Senate. Why did the concept of the Slave Power appeal to Northerners? It appealed to abolitionists and anti-slavery northerners. Many had opposed slavery and the spread of slavery into western territory. It also influenced those that did not care about slavery at all. They feared wealthy elite. People fear the power of the 1%... the wealthiest. Slaveholders (planters) those that own more than 20 enslaved people, were basically the 1%. These elite planters controlled most of the National Government. Putting all the power in just a few of the elite. “Black flag of the land pirates” (page 6) “The Senator of South Carolina has read many books…” Sumner is mocking the image of chivalrous southerner.. “Of course he has made his mistress…”

Sumner is creating a metaphor…. Mistress or harlot (compared to slavery). Southern senators and slave holders have always protected slavery just like someone would protect the one they love. Sumner also mentioned something in his speech that was on the down low through another metaphor. Everyone knew that southern slaveholders raped their female enslaved people, but no one talked about it or mentioned it in public. He didn’t’ call out Senator Butler as having an enslaved mistress, but by using this metaphor he essentially crossed the line in the view of southerners because he hinted about something that everyone already knew. So in a subtle way, he did accuse Butler of this by charging him with this act, Sumner put himself in physical danger. Sumner talks about “sectional” and “fanatical.” (page 4) Sumner also refers Butler as a fanatic. (page 5) Luther and the church at Wittenberg (page 5) Sumner refers to Butler again adding that he “touches nothing with which he does not disfigure.” (page 7) “South Carolina is old: Kansas is young” (page 7) As a result of this speech, Preston Brooks, cousin of Andrew Butler, approached Sumner on the Senate floor, accused him of dishonoring his cousin and the South and then repeatedly hit Sumner in the head with a gold-tipped cane. As a result of the caning, both Southerners and Northerners became enraged. For the Northerners it was another example of the slave holders power in the National Government. After the attack, nothing happened to Brooks or Butler, in fact Southerners praised them for attacking the Northern Senator. Southerners became furious that a southerner could attack a northerner on the floor of the Senate and receive no punishment.

Newspaper editorial reactions to the Caning of Charles Sumner Massachusetts Senate – passed to investigate the assault Discusses the freedom of speech “Carolina Times” May 22nd Notifying S. Carolina that Brooks had been incarcerated. Demanding Southern members stand up and teach the “Northern Men” respect the rights of Southerners. “Petersburgh Intelligencer” Southern view Claiming to be sorry that Brooks “dirtied his cane” noting that Sumner had it coming. “4000 fits” “Pittsburgh Gazette” Northern View “These cut-throat Southerners will never learn to respect Northern men…” Claiming the assault was deliberately planned and Sumner was unarmed and defenseless. Its Northern people threatening violence and revenge for the caning of Sumner. “If Southern men will resort to the fist to overawe and intimidate Northern men, blow must be given back for blow” Pittsburgh Gazette: “Not in human nature to be trampled on…” Northerners felt they themselves had been trampled on by the South. Also a turning point… previous to this they always took a “high road” but here they are finally fighting back. This puts the U.S. on a path to the Civil War.

Rise of the Republican Party By the mid-1850’s a Northern based antislavery party (The Republican Party) consolidated a number of pre-existing parties became one. The Republican Party had 2 platforms: 1. Opposing the expansion of slavery into western territories 2. Standing up for northern rights against Slave Power The North still feeling abused by years of southern control or Slave Power… specifically the Mexican War and the Fugitive Slave Act. In the 1850’s these abuses continued with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, and the Dred Scott decision in the Supreme Court. All of these confirmed the existence of a Slave Power controlling the government....