IMD213 Individual Assignment ( Cataloguing Process ) PDF

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FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARADIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110) ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION (IMD213)INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: CATALOGUING PROCESSPREPARED BY: IMAN TASNEEM BT MAT LAZIM (2020849318)PREPARED FOR: MADAM AMIRA IDAYU BT MOHD SHUKRYSUBMISSION DATE: 9 NOVEM...

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FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM110) ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION (IMD213)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: CATALOGUING PROCESS

PREPARED BY: IMAN TASNEEM BT MAT LAZIM (2020849318)

PREPARED FOR: MADAM AMIRA IDAYU BT MOHD SHUKRY

SUBMISSION DATE: 9 NOVEMBER 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Assalamualaikum w.b.t… I am very grateful to the following who have contributed to the success of my individual assignment. I would like to thank for all their valuable help and support on my preparation by finishing my research and study on this topic. First and foremost, my utmost appreciation to my lecturer, Madam Amira Idayu Bt. Mohd Shukry who had guided me and helping me out in a sense of providing some useful information or can be classify as the outline of topic. Lastly, I really appreciate my classmates who also spent their time helping me in building ideas and that despite of the distance, they have thoroughly found and share the information I needed.

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TABLE OF CONTENT NO. 1

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CONTENT INTRODUCTION TO CATALOGUING PROCESS

PAGE 5

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING 1.1 The Introduction 1.2 The Objectives 1.3 The Purposes 1.4 The Importance 1.5 Tools used in Descriptive Cataloguing: AACR2R

6-10

1.5.1 The Overview 1.5.2 The Structure 1.5.3 The Procedure 1.5.4 The Conclusion

3

SUBJECT HEADING 2.1 The Introduction 2.2 The Objectives 2.3 The Purpose 2.4 The Importance 2.5 Tools used in Subject Heading: Library of Congress Subject

11-14

2.5.1 The Overview 2.5.2 The Structure 2.5.3 The Procedure 2.5.4 The Conclusion

4

CLASSIFICATION 3.1 The Introduction 3.2 The Objectives 3

3.3 The Purpose 3.4 The Importance 3.5 Tools used in Classification: Library of

15-20

Congress Classification 3.5.1

The Overview

3.5.2

The Structure

3.5.3

The Procedure

3.5.4

The Conclusion

5

CONCLUSION

21

6

REFERENCES

22

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CATALOGUING PROCESS

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The cataloguing process is a type of bibliographic control system in which documented information is compiled and organized in accordance with existing standards and made fully recognizable and retrievable. Cataloguing consists of concise cataloguing, topical cataloguing, and classification cataloguing. First and foremost, descriptive cataloguing is the process of defining and describing an

object, documenting this information in cataloguing records, and choosing and establishing access points. For concise cataloguing, Anglo American Cataloguing Rules 2 (AACR2) are used. In terms of the subject heading, it means that a method includes determining which subject topic or concepts the intellectual substance of a work covers. Subject Headings Library of Congress (LCSH) and Sears Subject Heading List (SLSH) were used in this process. The final stage is classification, which is the systematic arrangement of catalog and index entries on shelves by subjects and other items in the manner most useful to those reading or searching for a specific piece of knowledge. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Library of Congress Classification Scheme (LCC) are the classification methods used.

2.0 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING 2.1 The Introduction 5

Descriptive Cataloguing describes an item, identifies access points and formats as well as access points and appropriate name authority files .The function of this tool is cataloguing reference materials which make users can find reference materials in the library easily. In other words, this catalog aims to register reference materials before being placed on shelves in the library. According to the Librarianship Studies and Information Technology (2020), descriptive cataloguing records library item attributes such as author name, title, edition, publisher, distributor, date of publication, page count and other information. This tool uses two manuals for descriptive cataloguing which AACR and RDA. There are three tools used in descriptive cataloguing which are International

Standard

Bibliographic

Description

(ISBN),

Anglo-American

Cataloguing Rules second edition (AACR2), and Dublin Metadata Core Element Set (Dublin Core). The catalogue descriptions are written in accordance with a standard style chosen by a specific community. For this topic, I choose AngloAmerican Cataloguing Rules second edition (AACR2). 2.2 The Objectives The objectives of descriptive cataloguing are to identify the distinguishing characteristics of an information material or object in order to differentiate it from other objects and to define its scope, content, and bibliographic relationship with other objects.

2.3 The Purposes



Recognize a library material that is processed so that it can give information to the reader to differentiate it from other library materials.



Provide characters in a library material that can help readers in selecting the necessary library materials.



Place an entry on the topic that most benefits the readers.

2.4 The Importance 6

The importance of descriptive cataloguing aids the user in locating and recognising a book based on the author's name, the cover, variant names, and so on. Some of the benefits of descriptive cataloguing include assisting a user in identifying a document by identifying the title, author, or subject matter. This also makes it simple for patrons to recover materials. In fact, it also reveals what the library has and assists patrons by assisting them in selecting a book based on its version or character.

2.5 Tools used in Descriptive Cataloguing: AACR2R 2.5.1

Overview The Anglo-American Cataloguing Regulation (AACR) is international

cataloguing code that used for describing the cataloguing in various types of information sources by libraries within the Britain, Canada, and a few other countries. The AACR was developed in 1967 and updated periodically. The second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) is that the foremost generally used cataloguing code and is uniquely to be used within the development of catalog and other listings publicly libraries. AACR2 encompasses a gaggle of detailed rules and guidance for generating metadata that data is provides information about other data within the substitute notes to represent library resources. The foundations describe standard descriptions of fields such as title, publisher, edition, series, and some other information.

Provision of options and designs of access points that titles for all materials that will be owned by the library or that may be owned by the library have access, namely books, electronic resources, and some other resources. The AACR has also provided rules in sorting by standard name and title for accessing and grouping such information. AACR2 standard cataloguing ensures consistency in catalogs and between library catalog using the identical code in describing the physical properties of library materials equally. The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules were considered the foremost important advances in English code for descriptive cataloguing within the 20th century. 7

2.5.2 The Structure The development and revisions of the various parts of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) influenced the AACR structures and expansions. ISBD should be regarded as a general framework for the classification of library materials, with AACR2 serving as the standard for cataloguing all types of materials that rely on that framework. The following are the areas:        

Area 1 : Tittle and Statement of responsibility Area 2 : Edition. Area 3 : Material specific details (maps or music) Area 4 : Publication, distribution and etc. Area 5 : Physical Description ( Example : pages, illustrations and size of the books). Area 6 : Series. Area 7 : Notes. Area 8 : Standard numbers and terms of availability.

Figure 1.0 : Example of catalogue & 8 areas of description. 2.5.3

The Procedure

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The concise cataloguing process started with the drafting of a collection of details that includes the eight ISBD-related areas of the title, the responsible agent, the edition, the place and date of publication, the publisher, the physical description, the series statement, and the standard number. Then, the cataloguer must agree on the access points, which are the key entries and the entries added. The aim is to pick the principal responsibility for the element and what remains will be noted in added entries. This is further subdivided into five sections which are:



Title proper: 1st element of bibliographic description that may help in indicating the subject content, uniquely identifying object, level of approach and language.



General material designation.



Parallel titles.



Other title information



Statement of responsibilities; gives credit to the authors, indicate style and quality of work especially for authoritative area.

Following that, the correct form of the names and titles chosen as main entries and added entries must be determined. The cataloguer must then complete the second area, which is the edition area. It should be noted that this area includes the edition statement, parallel edition statements, and statements of responsibility for the additional statements of responsibility and the transition to the third area.

Complete the fourth section next. This includes the publisher's name, the date of publication, the location of publication, the manufacturer's name, and the date of manufacture. The cataloguer must indicate the specific material designation and size of the item, the other physical details of the item, the dimension, the size, and the identification of the accompanying materials in the fifth area, which is the physical description area. The cataloguer must then state the proper title of the series, the parallel title of the series, the additional title information of the series, the

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statements of responsibility for the series, the ISSN of the series, the numbering within the series, and the listing of the sub-series. Next, the area of the note. It is crucial for the cataloguer to make each note appear on its own line. Finally, the cataloguer must complete the standard number area, which includes the standard number, key title, associated number, terms of availability, and price and qualifications. 2.5.4 Conclusion

In conclusion, descriptive cataloguing enables the user to find and identify a book, by the name of the author, the title, variant titles, etc. In addition, it can also help users search the book easier than manually. The purpose of the library catalog is to locate items within the library’s collection. The catalog is used to find materials based on author, title, subject, or format. A high quality catalog makes the library collection easier to use and more accessible.

3.0 SUBJECT HEADING 10

3.1 Introduction Subject heading determines subject headings for an item, which represent the subject of the work in words or phrases or both. In other words, this defined as the most specific word or group of words that captures the essence of the subject or one of the subjects of a book or any library material. For example, serial, sound recording, moving image, cartographic material, manuscript, computer file, eresource and other material. Which is this selected from a subject heading list containing that preferred subject access terms which is controlled vocabulary and assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. Subject headings are used in a bibliography and index. Subject heading be subdivided by addition of form subdivisions, geographical subdivisions, chronological subdivisions, and topical subdivisions to add greater specificity or add a parenthetical qualifier to add semantic clarification. In Subject Heading there are two popular tools that used, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH). 3.2 The Objectives



To fulfil the subject related needs of the user.



To identify pertinent material on a given subject or topic.



To enable the inquirer to find a material on related subjects.



Both objectives assume some match can be found between the language of the searcher and the language of the indexer for a given topic or concept.

3.3 The Purposes 11

The purpose of using the subject heading in the cataloguing record is to give the individual looking for items in the library a means of finding information on the topics covered by those items. Topic heading lists are used to maintain continuity in the words used to describe the subjects or topics addressed by the materials in the library. 3.4 The Importance Subject headings are important since users can use them to find similar information more effectively. This is because the tool identifies a subject, searching by subject may be a more efficient way to locate the information users are looking for. Also, in many search tools topic headings are displayed as links so that users can click on them and get more books or articles on that subject.

3.5 Tools Used in Subject Heading: Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) 3.5.1 Overview

For this topic, I choose Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) as a tool used in Subject Heading. The list of Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH) is maintained by the United States Library of Congress (LC). It is very popular even in libraries that do not use the Library of Congress Classification. The first edition of LCSH, called Subject Headings used in the Dictionary Catalogs of the Library of Congress and was published by parts in print form between 1909 and 1914. It is currently in its 35th edition and contains the headings set by the LC. Changes and additions to the subject headings appear online on the LC website as they are approved. LCSH comes in six volumes in print, known as the Red Books (LCSH, 2013). It is also available on the Classification Web.net, which contains the most up-to-date version of the subject headings. The Web Classification is updated weekly, and therefore the most efficient way to access the latest version of LCSH is through a subscription-based service. LCSH is basically a standardized indexing language, and therefore libraries should comply with their application rules, which are discussed in the next sections.

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3.5.2 The Structure The LCSH structures is an alphabetical listing of headings with crossreferences

between

the

headings

(Librarianship

Studies

and

Information

Technology ,2020). Subject headings start with a capital letter and may consist of one or several words. Usually one-word headings are nouns, for example, ‘Goats’, ‘Trucks’, ‘Transducers’, etc. Concepts are normally named in the singular and objects in the plural, though exceptions may be found. Multiple-word subject headings may represent a single concept or multiple concepts. Subject headings with multiple words are usually adjectival phrases or, occasionally, prepositional phrases. Headings may be in direct or inverted word order for example, ‘Transistor television receivers’, ‘Education, Higher’, ‘Life and death, Power over’.

Figure 2.0 : Example of subject headings.

3.5.3 The Procedure In subject heading’s procedure, firstly, the cataloguer must carry out an analysis of the subject-matter, example, an analysis of the library material in question in order to determine the exact content. Most of the time, this is the proof by looking at the title of the item. Most materials have a simple title, which indicates what the material is about, and defines the contents. This makes it easier to decide the subject. However, more research is required for materials with little content suggested by the title. It can be done in a variety of ways, such as browsing at a 13

table of contents, paging through an index, and any diagrams that help. Information to help decide the subject should be included for non-book materials, accompanying booklets or instruction guides. If these methods are not working, the cataloguer must read a few paragraphs of several chapters in a book or watch or listen to computer programs or videos. It is important to complete the cataloguing process as quickly as possible, with no time lost, but it is also important to be sure of the content of everything to which the subject headings are allocated. Next, after the subject of the material being catalogued has been determined, the cataloguer can find the correct words in the Library of Congress Subject Heading (LCSH). They may use a variety of subject headings for each object being catalogued to ensure that all aspects of the topic have been indicated to the consumer looking for details. But, if the heading is used too much, the classification of materials under that heading may become too confusing for the user to look at. Although many of the library items will still have 3 to 5 topic headings allocated to them, the items will also be identified with several more headings. In this way, the general keyword search or the subject search for a snake type would show the patron of this encyclopaedia as a source of information. Smaller libraries will get benefit from the liberal use of topic headings if they have computerized catalogues.

3.5.4 The Conclusion

In conclusion, Library of Congress Subject Headings can help users nowadays to find similar information more effectively in completing their research, tasks, assignment and so on. This is because the tool identifies a subject, searching by subject may be a more efficient way to locate the information users are looking for. Also, it is a friendly tool because in many search tools, topic headings are displayed as links which helps users can click on them and get more books or articles on that particular subject.

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4.0 CLASSIFICATION 4.1 Introduction

Classification is, in general, the method of classifying objects into categories. In libraries, classification involves the recognition of the primary subject of the work and the assigning of a particular notation. This is used for retrieval purposes, as well as for ordering items in a systematic catalog and for storing items with other items on similar subjects.

4.2 The Objectives

The objective of classification is to reduce the mass of the data in such a way that the equations and inequities can be easily understood. As a result, millions of characters can be organized into several classes of common features. Next, to facilitate comparisons, to highlight the most important features of data at a glance, to focus on the important information collected and to enable statistical treatment of the material collected. One of the purposes of classification helps to arrange records in the most accessible way for visitors and library employees. Documents should be regularly grouped in classes based on the reciprocal relationship between them, which would bring together all closely related classes. The basic idea is to put the like classes together and distinguish them from classes that ...