Inglese B2 - tempi verbali PDF

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tempi verbali...

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THE PRESENT PRESENT SIMPLE (I STUDY)! SOGGETTO + VERBO ALL’INFINITO SENZA TO AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

i/you/we/they play

I don’t play

Do you play…?

yes, I do / no, I don’t

she/he/it plays

She doesn’t play

Does she play…?

yes, she does / no, she doesn’t

QUESTION WORDS (QASI)! Where does Kylie come …?

QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azioni abituali The shops close at half past five! • Situazioni permanenti I don’t speak German! Pete lives in Brighton! • Leggi della natura e fatti sempre veri A lot of trees lose their leaves in winter! • Futuro: per orari definiti, dopo when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, if, unless, provided that, as long as My plane lands tomorrow at 1pm ! What time does the film start?! • Con i verbi PROMISE, APOLOGISE, ADVISE, INSIST, AGREE (esser d’accordo) , REFUSE I promise to buy his present on the way home! VARIAZIONI ORTOGRAFICHE:!

CH-O-S-SS-SH-X-Z AGGIUNGO - ES : CONSONANTE + Y TOLGO Y , AGGIUNGO - IES: VOCALE + Y AGGIUNGO - S:

GO- GOES! STUDY-STUDIES! PLAY-PLAYS!

AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA:!

•Vanno prima del verbo: he always goes..! •Con il verbo “be” vanno dopo il verbo: I’m always late! Never—> affermativa!

ever —> interrogativa! ALTRE ESPRESSIONI DI FREQUENZA:!

Once a week, Twice a year, Every day, Every week, Three times.!

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (I’M STUDYING)! AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

• I am working! • You/we/they are working!

• I’m not working! • you/we/they aren’t working

• Am i working?! • Are you/we/they working?

• yes, I am/no, I’m not! • yes, you/we/they are/ no, you/we/they aren’t

she/he/it is working

She/he/it isn’t working Is she/he/it working?

QUESTION WORDS be+ sogg+verbo ing! What are they doing?

• yes, she/he/it is ! • no, she/he/it isn’t

VERBO BE + VERBO ING

QUANDO LO USO (CON VERBI D’AZIONE):!

• Azione in corso I’m waiting for Jane at the moment! • Periodo di tempo circoscritto I’m reading “Angels” at the moment! I’m studying Spanish at evening classes! • Situazione temporanea Daniel’s staying with his aunt this week because his parents are away! • Situazione in evoluzione (di solito + these days, nowadays..) House prices are rising rapidly nowadays! • Azione futura programmata definitivamente (iniziata e non ancora finita) Helen and James are getting married on July 4th! • Con always/ constantly/ forever quando is parla di azioni che si ripetono I hate the weather here. It’s always raining! He’s constantly checking whatsapp! NON LO USO:!

Con verbi di possesso, attività mentale, sentimento, sensi

In cui belong: appartenere, feel: sentire! VARIAZIONI ORTOGRAFICHE:! Y + ING: STUDY - STUDYING!

IE, TOLGO IE E METTO Y: LIE - LYING!

THE PAST ! PAST SIMPLE (I STUDIED)! $

AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

QUESTION WORDS

I worked

I didn’t work

Did you work..?

• yes, I did! • no, i didn’t

Qw + did + sogg + verbo! What did you do ….?

SOGGETTO + PAST SIMPLE QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azioni o stati conclusi nel passato Dave missed the bus yesterday so he walked home! • Azioni ripetute spesso nel passato We played tennis every Friday last year! • Quando si narra Carl phoned Joy late that day! • Azioni durate per un certo periodo di tempo in passato e poi si sono concluse I worked in a library for 6 months in 2002. Then I decided to change my job! • Con yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 1989, last night, yesterday afternoon, this morning, at that time, when VARIAZIONI ORTOGRAFICHE:!

ARRIVE - ARRIVED! PLAY - PLAYED! STUDY - STUDIED ! STOP - STOPPED!

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE! AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

I have stopped

I haven’t stopped

Have I stopped?

• Yes, I have! • no, i haven’t

She has stopped

I hasn’t stopped

Has she stopped?

Yes, she has! no, she hasn’t

SOGG + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPIO PASSATO DEL VERBO QUANDO LO USO:!

• Senza dettagli su date I’ve been to London, but I haven’t been to Paris ! • Risultati permangono nel presente My neighbours have planted their house grey.! • Periodo di tempo non del tutto trascorso We’ve been out every evening so far this week and we’ve still got the week to go! • Con for (per—>PERIODO: for three days, a long time, ages) e since (da— >DURATA: since June 2016)! • Today, this week, this month, this year, this morning (se ancora in corso) • Con verbi di. Stato (be), sentimento (mind),volontà (want) , possesso.. AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA:!

JUST (appena): azione passata recente! ALREADY (già): affermativa prima del participio! YET (già): negativa e interrogativa, alla fine della frase! EVER: prima del verbo, interrogativa o affermativa con i superlativi! NEVER: prima del verbo, affermativa!

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS! AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

I have been working

I haven’t been working

Have I been working?

• Yes, I have! • no, i haven’t

She has been working

She hasn’t been working

Has she been working?

Yes, she has! no, she hasn’t

HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERBO ING

QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azione passata e ancora in corso I’ve been studying all day. I’ve got an exam tomorrow! • azione passata e appena conclusa I’m exhausted. I’ve been studying all day. I finished ten minutes ago.! • Sono evidenti i segni dell’attività svolta a-What have you been doing? You’re red in the face. B- I’ve been running! • Si mette in risalto il prolungarsi dell’azione I. con all day, all week, all… You’ve been using the playstation all morning!! I. Con how long, for, since (se trove frase sense sicuramente continuous) He has been sleeping for hours!

PAST CONTINUOUS! WAS/WERE + VERBO ING AFFERMATIVA

NEGATIVA

• You/we/they were working!

• you/we/they weren’t working

I/ she/he/it is working

I /She/he/it wasn’t working

INTERROGATIVA

RISPOSTA

• Were you/we/they working?

• yes, you/we/they were/ no, you/we/ they weren’t

Was i/ she/he/it working?

QUESTION WORDS Qw + was/were + sogg + verbo ing! What were you doing …?!

• yes, i/she/he/it was! • no, i/she/he/it wasn't

QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azione che era in corso in passato At ten o’clock yesterday morning I was going to the sports centre. It was raining! • Due o più azioni che si svolgevano contemporaneamente (when/ while) It was snowing yesterday while we were waiting for the bus!

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE! HAD + PARTICIPIO PASSATO I HAD GONE QUANDO LO USO:!

• Parlare di una azione passata che è accaduta prima di un’altra azione When Jon arrived, they had gone out!

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS! HAD BEEN + VERBO ING WE HAD BEEN STAYING QUANDO LO USO:!

• Parlare di azioni che sono iniziate prima di quella principale e continuano fino ad essa We had been staying in the hotel for 2 weeks when mark lost this passports!

THE FUTURE GOING TO! BE + GOING TO + VERBO FORMA BASE SHE IS GOING TO BUY QUANDO LO USO:!

• Intenzione • Decisioni non programmate • Azione inevitabile (temporale storm..)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS! BE + VERBO ING QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azioni programmate (tomorrow, next week, soon, in february)

WILL ! SOGGETTO + WILL + VERBO FORMA BASE I WILL START QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azioni che non dipendono da me • Previsioni basate su ipotesi

• Opinioni con think, hope, be sure, believe, suppose, expect Uso nella forma contratta • Promettere o fare un offerta • chiedere di fare qualcosa • Decisione immediata

SHALL! SHALL I ..?# SHALL WE..? QUANDO LO USO:!

Per chiedere un’opinione, offerte o suggerimenti.

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE! WILL HAVE + PARTICIPIO PASSATO I WILL HAVE FINISHED QUANDO LO USO:!

• Qualcosa che sarà finito prima di un certo momento nel futuro The decoration will have finished painting the kitchen by Friday so we can move.! • BY, IN , BEFORE!

FUTURE CONTINUOUS! WILL + BE +VERBO ING I WILL BE SKIING QUANDO LO USO:!

• Azione in corso in un determinato momento futuro (this time tomorrow, at nine o’clock tomorrow, in three days time…) • This time tomorrow i’ll be skiing...