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Pizzella 1 NAME: Olivia Pizzella

BBC History Cold Case Ipswich Man

1. What morphological features are common in Subsaharan African skulls? A wide pallet, jaw-line flare, big teeth, heavy dense skull, rectangular orbits, gushering, mouth more forward, and muscle development all indicate Sub-Saharan decent. All this also led them to believe it was a man, 40-60 years old, 5 feet 6 inches, originally believed to be Sub-Saharan African.

2.

What can stable isotope analysis tell us about a person? What does it tell us about him?

Stable isotope analysis tells us where a person lived, more specifically, where they were born and where they died. The tooth analysis confirmed he was of Northern African descent and the test on his thigh bone confirmed he died in the United Kingdom between 1190-1300 AD.

3. What evidence is used to date his burial? Scientific evidence- carbon dating- confirming 1190-1300 AD. Evidence- belt buckle. Franciscan Friary graveyard existed between 1300-1500 Century AD. And a survey of English during the middle ages did show evidence of an African population as part of society.

4. What does the DNA analysis tell us about him? DNA analysis of the man’s bones identified exact origins of the man. DNA proved the geographic origin of the man as Northern African, the isotope test of the tooth also confirmed Northern African, and the anthropology confirmed Northern African, thus disclaiming the original presumption of Sub-Saharan African, the DNA proved he came from Northern Arica.

5. What was his cause of death?

Pizzella 2 A spinal abscess, more specifically puss and infection were found as a hole in his backbone, revealing a massive loss of mobility to the lower limbs and proving this man suffered. The spinal cord was compressed. This was a time of pre-penicillin, and infection was a huge killer. The infection most likely spread, and his body shut down. According to the spinal discovery, it is most likely that the man was disabled the last few months of his life.

6. What was unusual about the 12 individuals at the friary? They all received Christian burials even though they were Muslim, and it was the time of the Crusades, where Christians and Muslims (Islam) were at war. But Friars could bury their family in the graveyard. Research uncovered Lord Tiptoff, who built the friary, went to Africa and brought back 4 men (1270 AD). The men all had disease, infection, and inflammation; a discovery made from studying their bones. Research on their skeletons showed they suffered for a long time. It is possible that the Friars helped nurse these men through their debilitating diseases, acting as apothecaries, aiding medicine for the body and the soul. Quite possibly, the friars took on the roll of a hospital, and once these men passed away, they were granted proper Christian burial....