Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves PDF

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Summary

Eugenol...

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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Objective: Clove oil is isolated from Cloves using the Steam Distillation technique. The clove oil’s composition is analyzed. The percent recovery of clove oil is calculated. Gas Chromatography is used to identify the components and calculate the area. The IR spectroscopy is analyzed to identify the functional groups present in the clove oil molecule. Table of Data: Structures attached. Name, formula, Molecular Boiling point, oC weight, g/mol Eugenol 164.20 bp: 248 C10H12O2

Acetyleugenol C12H14O3

bp: 268 206.24

B-Caryophyllene C15H24

204.36

bp: 264-266

Solubility (In water)

ND20

Slightly soluble (soluble in organic solvents) Insoluble (Soluble in ether) Insoluble (soluble in ether)

1.536

1.507

1.498-1.504

Experimental Data: Mass Of Cloves (g)

7.5546

Mass of Dry Vial (g)

15.2465

Mass of Vial + Clove Oil (g)

15.5896

Mass of Clove Oil (Recovered) (g)

0.3431

Calculations:

Theoretical amount (g) % Recovered

Eugenol (85%)

Acetyleugenol (15%)

1.0914

0.1926

26.7

30.3

Theoretical amount of Clove Oil: 7.5546g x 17% = 1.284g

1.284 x 85% = 1.091g Eugenol (theoretical) 1.284 x 15% = 0.1926g Acetyleugenol (theoretical) 0.3431g (Clove Oil recovered) x 85% = 0.2916g Eugenol 0.3431g x 17% = 0.0583g Acetyleugenol (mass of Clove Oil)/( mass of Clove Oil theoretical) x 100% = (0.3431g /1.284g) x 100% = 26.7% Analysis: Graph analysis attached. Peak Data

A

B

C

D

Retention time (minutes)

3.400

3.775

3.929

4.104

Integral (mV ∗min)

6.211

0.4640

0. 06738

0.6774

Percent composition %

66.3

15.1

1.9

16.8

Results: Eugenol Recovery from Isolation (%) Composition from GC analysis (%)

26.7 66.3

15.1

1.9

16.8

Conclusion: In this experiment, clove oil was extracted from Cloves using steam distillation. Clove oil is composed of three essential oils: Eugenol, Acetyleugenol, and B-Caryophyllene. Of the 7.5546g of cloves, 0.3431g of Clove oil was recovered. In the gas chromatography, four components were identified. Peak A is Eugenol, which showed up first because it’s boiling point was the lowest of

the other components. It comprised 66.3% of the clove oil which is close to the expected range of eugenol (70-90%). Peak B is B-Caryophyllene, which has a higher boiling point than that of Eugenol. It comprised 15.1% of the clove oil. Peak C is an unknown component. It makes up 1.9% of the clove oil. Peak D is acetyleugenol, which has the highest boiling point of the four components. It makes up 16.8% of the clove oil....