Kine lec - KINE 1000 notes PDF

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Who is at Risk and When? • An estimated 2 out of every 5 Canadians is expected to develop cancer during their lifetimes (40% of Canadian women and 45% of men). • ~43% of Canadian women and 45% of Canadian men will develop cancer during their lifetime. • The prevalence of cancer increases with age. → bodies’ ability to fight off cancer decreases and more potential for mutations with cell division. • Nearly half of all Canadians will develop cancer during their lifetime, and about one quarter of Canadians are expected to die from the disease. • Usually, cancer-causing genetic changes increase slowly as a person ages, leading to a higher risk of cancer later in life. Common types of Cancer in Canada • Breast, prostate, colorectal, lung/bronchus, bladder. • Highest rates: 60-69 years. • Lung cancer rates are highest in Canada. 2nd highest is breast. Cancer Epidemiology in Canada • Most common cancers are prostate (men), breast (female), colorectal and lung. Seven Early Warning Signs of Cancer 1. Change in bowel habits 2. A sore that doesn’t heal 3. Unusual bleeding or discharge 4. Thickening of lump in breast, testis, or elsewhere 5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing 6. Obvious change in a wart or mole 7. Nagging cough or hoarseness Metastasis • A primary tumour attached to a blood vessel. Once attached, they pass through the blood vessel. • Cancer cells move through circulation system and spread to other parts of the body. The travelling and reproducing is called metastasizing. • Cancer cells may move through the blood to form a secondary tumour at another site in the body. Skin Cancer (Melanoma) • Risk Factors: o Fair skin, light eyes, or fair hair → burning causes mutations prone to make cancer cells. o A tendency to develop freckles and to burn instead of tan o A history of childhood sunburn or intermittent, intense sun exposure o A personal or family history of melanoma o A large number of or moles (200 or more, or 50 or more if under age 20) or dysplastic (atypical) moles → body is unable to recognize early tumours....