L20 Planes, Trains, and Automobiles PDF

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These are my lecture notes from Ball State's HIST 150 cource- The West in the World, taught by Robert Hall. These notes do not have to only apply to Ball State students and their HIST 150 course, anyone from any college or lifestyle can use them. History is important! We have to rememer these facts ...

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Miracle Townsel The West in The World October 16, 2017 ❖ 19th Century ❖ Impressionist artist Claude Monet was interested in trains ❖ Railroad became a new form of transportation ➢ Also underground railroads, horse-drawn streetcars (1970s), and electric streetcars in the mid 19th Century ➢ Led to rise of Suburbs in NYC, Paris, London ➢ 190 cities with railroad systems by 2013 ❖ Moved traffic underground with subway systems ➢ Helped with traffic congestion on city streets ➢ Faster transportation ➢ Used as air raid shelter ➢ Slow ➢ Engineering (water/sewer lines underground) ➢ Expensive ❖ Electric Streetcars (US 1913) ➢ You don’t have to feed or clean up after horses ➢ Dealt with traffic congestion ➢ Less noisy ❖ Inner Urban System: System of ES in Indiana ➢ Flourishes until WWII ➢ Declined with rise automobiles ❖ Made it possible for people to live in one place and work in another The Coming of the Age of Automobiles ❖ Karl Benz: Invented first automobile ❖ Bicycles ➢ Ordinary and safety bicycle ➢ Big front wheel makes it fast ➢ Personal inexpensive form of transportation ➢ Pneumatic bicycle tire: tire: Rubber tire filled with compressed air (John Dunlop, 1888) ❖ Gottlieb Daimler: Used gasoline (instead of coal and steam power) for Internal combustion engine ➢ Had wagons, carriages, and coaches ❖ Benz made about 1100 cars (sold some in US, France, and Germany) ➢ Made changes of pneumatic tire, 4 wheels, and 3 horsepower larger engine ➢ Very expensive/novelty

➢ Doctors were the first to buy the automobiles ❖ Safety issues ➢ People ran over roaming animals ➢ No safety belts ➢ Car would break down all the time ■ Applied full time chauffeur ➢ No ready access to gasoline ➢ Public hostility towards automobiles (luxury item, noisy, pollution) ■ Red Flag Act (Locomotive Act of 1965): Restrictions on automobiles, speed limit of 4 mph in country - 2 mph in town; have someone with red flag warning people ❖ 1900 - 9000 automobiles worldwide; 2006 - 68 million worldwide The Automobile: Economy and Work ❖ Auto industry was major employer of labor in 20th century ➢ Demand of steel, aluminum, rubber, glass, and tool industries ➢ New and better roads/cement/highways ➢ Petroleum (new energy source) ❖ Craft Production to Mass Production ➢ CP: CP: Small highly skilled craftsmen work teams ■ Beautiful/expensive cars made from scratch ➢ MP: The moving assembly line/division of labor (Henry Ford) ■ Making all automobiles look alike ■ Workers did simple task incessantly ■ Borrowed idea from m  eatpacking industry ■ Interchangeable parts: standardized parts that are exactly the same (idea from gun industry) ■ Ease of assembly Some Social and Environmental Consequences ❖ (N/A)...