Lab-3 Report - Circuit Simulation Software PDF

Preview

Summary

Circuit Simulation Software...

Description

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 1 LAB - ECCE 221 Fall 2019 Experiment No 3 Title of Experiment: Introduction to Circuit Simulation Software Students’ Names and ID Nos’:

1- Syed Anas Hussain (100049767) 2- Zayed Ali Aljaberi (100045871)

Laboratory Section: 2

Date of Experiment: 30.09.2019

Please note that your work for this laboratory experiment will be assessed according to the marking scheme below. Please take this into account when conducting the experiment and writing the report.

Marking Scheme Criteria

1.

Performance in the lab

This is to reflect the student’s Performance in the Lab

10

Circuit Neatness

This is how well the circuit is built in term of appearance and presentable manner

10

Completion of Tasks

Documentation and analysis of the results for each task performed in the lab.

60

Report presentation

Abstract, Conclusions Overall presentation of the report including layout and clarity of figures, tables and graphs. Correct use of English language.

20

2.

3.

4.

Total

Description

Weight %

No.

100

Marks

Comments

1. Abstract: In this lab session, we learnt how to implement electric circuits using a circuit simulation software called Multisim. The objective of this lab session was to successfully execute 4 different circuit simulation tasks. In these tasks, we constructed different circuits and obtained values for the circuit parameters of Current, Voltage, and Power in different elements and at different points in the circuit using a Multimeter, Wattmeter, and Probes. In the final task, we performed a ‘DC Sweep Analysis’ to study the variation of voltage between two points in the circuit (mentioned in the task) with the source voltage. The objectives were successfully completed by the end of the lab session.

2. Introduction: Electronic circuit simulation uses mathematical models to replicate the behavior of an actual electronic device or circuit. Simulating a circuit’s behavior before actually building it can greatly improve design efficiency by making faulty designs known as such, and providing insight into the behavior of electronics circuit designs. The most popular circuit simulator is SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) designed at the University of California at Berkeley. This simulator is so powerful that commercial simulators are based on it. Of the many simulators available, Multisim has emerged as the best for circuit simulation. Multisim is a SPICE-based simulator, produced by National Instruments Inc. with a schematiccapture interface that allows easy circuit topology input and specification of simulation data. It is an easy-to-use schematic capture and simulation environment that engineers, students, and professors can use to define and simulate circuits. Some of the many advantages of using Multisim for circuit simulation include: 1) Observe the circuit behavior before the actual manufacturing. 2) Use ideal components to isolate design and circuit limitations. 3) Make measurements that are hard to make in the real circuit because they might damage the circuit. 4) Perform repeated simulations with parametric values for a component. 5) Observe temperature dependence of the circuit.

3. Equipment Used: -NI Multisim Software Version 14.2.0

4. Experimental Procedure: TASK 1: Simulation of simple series – parallel circuit 1) Build the circuit using the necessary components as shown in Figure.1 2) Simulate the circuit and obtain the following values using Multimeter and Wattmeter: a) Total current delivered by the 20 V DC source. b) Voltage across and current through each element. c) Total power delivered by the source. 3) Record the values in Table 1.

Figure 1: A simple series-parallel circuit of resistors

Table 1: Table for values of current, voltage and power

IR1 (A)

IR2 (A)

IR3 (A)

IR4 (A)

VR1

VR4

(V)

(V)

Total Power (W)

TASK 2: Simulation of a circuit with a variable resistor 1) Build the circuit shown in Figure.2 2) Simulate the circuit and obtain the following values using a Multimeter: a) Total current delivered by the DC source. b) Voltage across each Resistor R1 and R2. c) Voltage and current values for different setting of the Variable resistor shown in table 2. 3) Record the values in Table 2.

Figure 2: A series circuit with a variable resistance

Table 2: Table for values of current and voltage obtained in figure 2. I (A)

VR1 (V)

Variable resistance at 100 % Variable resistance at 50 % Variable resistance at 20 %

VR2 (V)

TASK 3: Measuring node voltages and currents between nodes 1) Build the circuit shown in Figure. 3. 2) Simulate the circuit and obtain the following values using Multimeter and Probes: a) b) c) d) e)

Voltages VAB, VBC, VAD, VDC, VBD, and VAC. Voltages VA, VB, VC, VD, and VE. Currents IAB, ICB, IAD, ICD and IFA Verify KCL for the node A Verify KVL for the loop ABCDA and ADCEFA.

3) Record the values in Table 3.

Figure 3: Circuit setup for measuring node voltages and current between nodes.

Table 3: Table for values of node voltages and current between the nodes in the circuit of figure 3.

VAB

VBC

VAD

VDC

VBD

Voltage (V)

VA

VB

VC

VD

VE

Current (mA)

IAB

ICB

IAD

ICD

IFA

VAC

TASK 4: DC Sweep Analysis

DC Sweep Analysis is used to calculate a circuit’s bias point over a range of values. This procedure allows you to simulate a circuit many times, sweeping the DC values within a predetermined range. You can control the source values by choosing the start and stop values and the increment for the DC range. The bias point of the circuit is calculated for each value of the sweep. The below procedure demonstrates how to plot the voltage across points B and D in figure 4 for different values of source voltages starting from 0 to 10 volts in steps of 2:

1. Build the circuit given in Figure 4

Figure 4.

2. Place a differential probe between B and D. Probe can be selected as follows

3. Select Simulate»Analysis and Simulation»DC Sweep. The DC Sweep Analysis window opens (shown below)

4. Configure the Analysis Parameters as: Source V1, Start value 0, Stop value 10 and increment 2. 5. Click on output tab and select “probes” from the drop-down list under “variables in circuit”. 6. Select V(PR1) from the list and click “add” to move the variable to right side under “selected variables for analysis”.

7. Click “Run” to Simulate. The Grapher View window opens. Result is displayed as shown below.

5. Results TASK 1: Simulation of simple series – parallel circuit

Voltage Measurements using Multimeter

Current Measurements using Multimeter

Total Power in the Circuit using Wattmeter

Table 1: Table for values of current, voltage and power

IR1 (A)

1.04

IR2 (A)

0.480

IR3 (A)

0.320

IR4 (A)

0.240

VR1

VR4

(V)

(V)

Total Power (W)

10.4

9.6

20.800

TASK 2: Simulation of a circuit with a variable resistor

a) When variable resistor is at 100% resistance

Total current in the circuit

Voltage across R1

Voltage across R2

b) When variable resistor is at 50% resistance

Total current in the circuit

Voltage across R1

Voltage across R2

c) When variable resistor is at 20% resistance

Total current in the circuit

Voltage across R1

Voltage across R2

Table 2: Table for values of current and voltage obtained in figure 2.

I (mA)

VR1

VR2

(V)

(V)

Variable resistance at 100 %

1.818

1.818

18.182

Variable resistance at 50 %

3.333

3.333

16.667

Variable resistance at 20 %

6.667

6.667

13.333

TASK 3: Measuring node voltages and currents between nodes

Differential voltage (between A and B) measured using probes

Voltage measured at a point (point A) with respect to ground (0 V)

Current (in the branch AC) measured using a current probe

Table 3: Table for values of node voltages and current between the nodes in the circuit of figure 3.

Voltage (V)

Current (mA)

VAB

VBC

VAD

VDC

VBD

VAC

5.95

4.05

7.67

2.33

1.73

10.0

VA

VB

VC

VD

VE

10.0

4.05

0

2.33

0

IAB

ICB

IAD

ICD

IFA

27.0

-27.0

23.3

-23.3

50.3

TASK 4: DC Sweep Analysis

Differential Voltage between B and D

DC-Transfer Characteristic (Vsource vs VPR1(Voltage difference between B and D))

6) Discussion and Conclusion:

i) The objectives of the experiment were successfully met at the end of the lab session. ii) Different types of circuits were constructed and simulated using the Multisim software and the various circuit parameters (current, voltage, and power) were obtained. iii) DC-Sweep Analysis was performed and the variation of differential voltage between two specific points in the circuit with the source voltage was obtained graphically.

7) Assessment Questions:

1) For the circuit shown in Figure 5, find the Voltage Vx. Use Multisim simulation and include the schematic with results. Verify your results theoretically.

Figure 5

Ans.

From the simulation we find that Vx = +9.0 V

Theoretical Verification:

2) For the circuit shown in Figure 5, find the value of Vx as the source voltage is varied from 0 to 45V. Use an increment of 5V. Use Multisim Simulation. Include the circuit schematic and plot for the voltage Vx as the source voltage is varied....