LAB Report ECM346 Level 0 Types OF Lighting EC110 4B- Group 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORYUITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKABUILDING SERVICESECMOPEN-ENDED LABMARCH – AUGUST 2022TITLE OFEXPERIMENT: ILLUMINATION - TYPES OF LIGHTINGDATE OFEXPERIMENT: 6/GROUP - TEAM : EC1104B – 1GROUP MEMBERS : 1. MUHAMMAD AMIN NASRULLAH BIN ZULKIFLI(2020852148)2. MUHAMAD RAZEE BIN MOHD A...

Description

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA BUILDING SERVICES ECM346 OPEN-ENDED LAB MARCH – AUGUST 2022

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: ILLUMINATION - TYPES OF LIGHTING

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 6/42022

GROUP - TEAM

: EC1104B – 1

GROUP MEMBERS

: 1. MUHAMMAD AMIN NASRULLAH BIN ZULKIFLI (2020852148) 2. MUHAMAD RAZEE BIN MOHD AZMAN (2020457772) 3. FARIS HILAM BIN MARZUKI (2020854986) 4. SYED IRFAN HAMDI BIN SYED AIDUDDIN (2020600628)

LECTURER

: MADAM AINAMARDIA NAZARUDIN

LEVEL OF OPENESS

: 0

NO

ELEMENT

1

INTRODUCTION

2

BASIC CONCEPT

3

SUMMARY OF

COPO

Marks

COMMENTS

PROCEDURES/METHOD 4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPETATION OF DATA

5

DISCUSSION OF RESULT

2

4

6

8

10

6

CONCLUSIONS

2

4

6

8

10

TOTAL MARKS

/20

INTRODUCTION The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole laboratory course activity specially to first-and second-year students. In this laboratory activity students will be introduced to the concept, principles and the mechanism of lighting equipment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this laboratory session is to study the basic concepts and principles in lighting and to apply the knowledge while familiar with the equipment and their operation of lighting. THEORETICAL BACKGROND Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves)is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects. Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions. The most important functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare. Some are very plain and functional, while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly any material can be used, so long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with safety codes. An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed from the "bulb" to the surroundings. The more transparent the lighting fixture is, the higher efficacy. Shading the light will normally decrease efficacy but increase the directionality and the visual comfort probability. Lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting, depending largely on the distribution of the light produced by the fixture.

PROCEDURES

1) Prepare yourself for a site visit within the surrounding area of the laboratory. 2) Lighting equipment to be observed. 3) Types of lighting, fluorescent light, light bulb, LED, dimmer and timer and sensor is tabulated.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPETATION OF DATA NAME OF LAMPS

PICTURE

DETAIL/DESCRIPTION

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES contains toxic materials

Fluorescent bulb

Light Emitting Diode(LED)

Incandescent lamps

Use fluorescence To produce visible light

It emits light directionally instead of 360 degrees.

Argon is a commonly used gas used to fill incandescent light bulbs.

The lights do not give off heat

Instant Lighting and the Ability to Withstand Frequent Switching

Up to 25% less energy than the traditional light bulb

overheating can cause reduced lamp life

not recommend for enclosed fixtures Use a curved or folded tube to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp.

Compact fluorescent light bulb

NAME OF CONTROLLER

DESIGN/APPLICATION

ADVANTAGES

Dimmer switches

By changing the voltage waveform applied to the lamp, it is possible to lower the intensity of the light output.

Help to control the electricity flow across various lighting sources of the house.

Two ways gangs switch

They are often used on a staircase, a large room with switches by each door.

Able to control a single device from two separate locations.

One way gangs switch

PICTURE

Have good lumen maintenance

Regular on/off switch used in a common house such as kitchen lamp

Easy to get and cheaper in the market.

DISADVANTAGES

lead to serious deterioration of the electrical contacts and generate noise

it complicated for their convenience at home

DISCUSSION OF RESULT Comparison between Incandescent lamps and Fluorescent lamps The two most common types of lighting fixtures today are incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps. Incandescent bulbs are rather old and outdated while fluorescent lamps are relatively new and is replacing incandescent bulbs in a lot of applications. The biggest difference between the two is how they produce light. Incandescent bulbs produce light by a heating a metallic filament until it starts to radiate light. On the other hand, fluorescent lamps produce light by exciting a gas and causing it to glow. Fluorescent lamps have better characteristic compared to incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulb consumes from 4 to 8 times as much power than fluorescent lamps. Although fluorescent lamps are cheaper in the long run as they last longer and consume a lot less power, the initial cost of using it is much higher compared to incandescent bulbs. There are compact fluorescent bulbs in the market today, and they are very similar to incandescent bulbs , but they already contain all the needed elements in it, thus the much higher price.

Comparison between One-way switch and Two-way switch The one-way switch has two contacts and the two-way switch has three contacts. In a two-way switch, there are two, one-way switches combined in one. One of the terminals can be connected to either of the two, but not both at the same time. Another interesting difference between the one-way and the two-way switch is its defined states. The one-way switch has defined ON and OFF states, whereas the two-way switch does not. So, it is most likely that one-way switches will be marked with an ON and OFF position, either by a dot marking or some indicator for ON, position. There is no such marking on a two-way switch because there is no consistent ON or OFF. The ON-OFF can change depending on the position of the second two-way switch.

CONCLUSIONS Based on the experiment, the natural light is the crucial component in determining the sustainable building and the quality of an indoor environment. Besides, there are many significant factors that determine the quality and quantity of daylight such as site orientation, form of building and type, size, location of the glazing space. The artificial light is another initiative for the light source to human in need as the natural light is not always there. The artificial light also can be found in various type and can be categorized according human needs. For example, the road light will only bright on certain time yet the uses of those light will be danger if consume too much energy from the electric. As the result, both type are important to human in their daily life as both type has its own advantage and disadvantages.

REFERENCES 1) https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-function-of-a-fluorescent-tube 2) https://www.sitelogiq.com/blog/10-advantages-led-lighting/ 3) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimmer...