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LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM METROLOGI INDUSTRI Dosen Pengampu : Dodi Sofyan Arief. ST.,MT Oleh : Kelompok 3A Abd Habib Barqi AD 1607112404 Afriadham Putra 1607112352 Amri Pahlevi 1607123222 Harri Gunawan 1607111949 Jefri Albukhari 160711642 LABORATORIUM PENGUKURAN PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS ...

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LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM METROLOGI INDUSTRI

Dosen Pengampu : Dodi Sofyan Arief. ST.,MT Oleh : Kelompok 3A Abd Habib Barqi AD 1607112404 Afriadham Putra

1607112352

Amri Pahlevi

1607123222

Harri Gunawan

1607111949

Jefri Albukhari

160711642

LABORATORIUM PENGUKURAN PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS RIAU 2018

KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT, dan atas berkat, rahmat, serta karunia-Nya, maka penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan metrologi industri yang berjudul Pengukuran kebulatan, yang disusun dalam rangka melengkapi tugas mata kuliah metrologi industri pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2018. Penyusunan laporan ini tidak lepas dari bantuan beberapa pihak, maka dari itu penyusun ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dodi Sofyan Arief ST., MT. selaku dosen mata kuliah Metrologi Industri Universitas Riau, para asisten praktikum

laboratorium

pengukuran

yang

telah

membimbing

dalam

melaksanakan praktikum metrologi industri dan kepada teman-teman yang telah memberikan masukan yang membangun. Akhir kata, penulis berharap agar laporan ini berguna bagi semua pihak dalam memberikan informasi.

Pekanbaru, Januari 2018

Penulis

i

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xi DAFTAR NOTASI ............................................................................................ xii MODUL I BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Tujuan Praktikum ........................................................................................... 1 1.4 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................... 1 BAB II TEORI DASAR 2.1 Pengertian....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Macam – macam mistar ingsut ...................................................................... 5 2.3 Cara kerja dan prinsip kerja ......................................................................... 11 2.4 Perkembangan mistar ingsut ........................................................................ 12 2.5 Cara penggunaan mistar ingsut .................................................................... 16 BAB III METODOLOGI 3.1 Prosedur Praktikum Teoritis ........................................................................ 18 3.1.1

Pemakaian Mistar Ingsut .................................................................. 18

3.1.2

Kalibrasi Mistar Ingsut ..................................................................... 18

3.2 Prosedur Praktikum Aktual .......................................................................... 18 3.2.1

Pemakaian Mistar Ingsut .................................................................. 18

3.3 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................. 19 BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN 4.1 Bantalan........................................................................................................ 22 4.2 V-blok .......................................................................................................... 23 BAB V ANALISA DATA 5.1 Pengolahan Data........................................................................................... 25 5.1.1

Persentase error bantalan.................................................................. 25

ii

5.2 Analisa data .................................................................................................. 35 BAB VI PENUTUP 6.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 37 6.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 37 MODUL II BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 38 1.2 Tujuan Praktikum ......................................................................................... 38 1.3 Manfaat Praktikum ....................................................................................... 38 1.4 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 38 BAB II TEORI DASAR 2.1 Proses Pengukuran ....................................................................................... 40 2.2 Pengertian Mikrometer................................................................................. 40 2.3 Pengertian Kalibrasi ..................................................................................... 42 2.4 Jenis-jenis Mikrometer ................................................................................. 42 2.5 Bagian-Bagian Mikrometer .......................................................................... 50 2.6 Cara Kerja dan Prinsip Kerja ....................................................................... 51 2.7 Cara Penggunaan Alat Ukur......................................................................... 52 2.8 Cara Membaca Ukuran Mikrometer ............................................................ 54 BAB III METODOLOGI 3.1 Prosedur Pratikum Teoritis .......................................................................... 56 3.2 Prosedur Pratikum Aktual ............................................................................ 56 3.3 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................. 57 BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN 4.1 Data Gambar ................................................................................................ 60 4.2 Data Tabel .................................................................................................... 60 BAB V ANALISA DATA 5.1 Pengolahan Data........................................................................................... 62 5.1.1

Perhitungan gambar 1 pengamat A .................................................. 62

5.1.2

Perhitungan gambar 1 pengamat B .................................................. 62

5.1.3

Perhitungan gambar 2 pengamat A .................................................. 63

5.1.4

Perhitungan gambar 2 pengamat B .................................................. 64

iii

5.2 Analisa Data ................................................................................................. 66 5.2.1

Benda 1............................................................................................. 66

5.2.2

Benda 2............................................................................................. 66

BAB VI PENUTUP 6.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 68 6.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 68 MODUL III BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 69 1.2 Tujuan .......................................................................................................... 69 1.3 Manfaat Praktikum ....................................................................................... 70 1.4 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 70 BAB II TEORI DASAR 2.1 Pengertian..................................................................................................... 71 2.2 Macam-Macam Alat Ukur ........................................................................... 76 2.2.1

Dial Indikator ................................................................................... 76

2.3 Cara Kerja dan Prinsip Kerja ....................................................................... 79 2.3.1

Dial indikator ................................................................................... 79

2.4 Perkembangan Alat Ukur ............................................................................. 79 2.4.1

Dial Indikator ................................................................................... 79

2.5 Komponen Alat Ukur ................................................................................... 80 2.5.1

Dial Indikator ................................................................................... 80

2.6 Cara Penggunaan (cara pembacaan) Alat Ukur ........................................... 82 2.6.1

Dial Indikator ................................................................................... 82

BAB III METODOLOGI .................................................................................... 3.1 Prosedur Praktikum Teoritis ........................................................................ 87 3.2 Prosedur Praktikum Aktual .......................................................................... 87 3.3 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................. 90 BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN 4.1 Data Benda Ukur .......................................................................................... 93 4.2 Data Berbentuk Tabel .................................................................................. 93 4.3 Data Berbentuk Grafik ................................................................................. 94

iv

BAB V ANALISIS DATA 5.1 Pengolahan Data........................................................................................... 97 5.1.1

Pengamat A ...................................................................................... 97

5.1.2

Pengamat B .................................................................................... 103

5.2Analaisa Data .............................................................................................. 109 5.2.1

Analisa Data Pengamat A .............................................................. 109

5.2.2

Analisa Data Pengamat B .............................................................. 111

BAB VI PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 112 6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 112 MODUL IV BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 113 1.2 Tujuan Praktikum ....................................................................................... 113 1.3 Manfaat Praktikum ..................................................................................... 113 1.4 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 113 BAB II TEORI DASAR 2.1 Pengertian................................................................................................... 115 2.2 Prinsip Kerja .............................................................................................. 116 2.3 Komponen Profil Proyektor ....................................................................... 118 2.4 Cara Penggunaan Alat ................................................................................ 122 2.5 Kalibrasi Alat Ukur .................................................................................... 124 2.6 Rumus Perhitungan .................................................................................... 125 2.7 Jenis Profil Proyektor ................................................................................. 125 2.8 Perkembangan Profil Proyektor ................................................................. 126 BAB III METODOLOGI 3.1 Prosedur Praktikum Teoritis ...................................................................... 128 3.2 Prosedur Praktikum Aktual ........................................................................ 128 3.3 Alat Dan Bahan .......................................................................................... 130 3.3.1

Alat ................................................................................................. 130

3.3.2

Bahan.............................................................................................. 132

v

BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN 4.1 Data Pengamatan Gambar .......................................................................... 133 4.2 Data Pengamatan Tabel.............................................................................. 133 BAB V ANALISA DATA 5.1 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................... 135 5.1.1

Perhitungan Mistar Ingsut vs Lensa 10X ....................................... 135

5.1.2

Perhitungan Mistar Ingsut vs Lensa 25X ....................................... 138

5.1.3

Perhitungan Mistar Ingsut vs Lensa 100X ..................................... 141

5.1.4

Perhitungan Lensa 10X vs Lensa 25X ........................................... 144

5.1.5

Perhitungan Lensa 10X vs Lensa 100X ......................................... 147

5.1.6

Perhitungan Lensa 25X vs Lensa 100X ......................................... 150

5.1.7

Perhitungan Diameter Rata-Rata.................................................... 153

5.1.8

Perhitungan %Error Rata-Rata....................................................... 156

5.2 Analisa Data ............................................................................................... 159 BAB VIPENUTUP ............................................................................................... 6.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 161 6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 161 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN

vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman Gambar 2.1 Mistar Ingsut Nonius ........................................................................ 5 Gambar 2.2 Mistar Ingsut Tak Sebidang ............................................................. 6 Gambar 2.3 Mistar Ingsut Jarak Senter ................................................................ 7 Gambar 2.4 Mistar Ingsut Diameter Alur Dalam................................................. 7 Gambar 2.5 Mistar Ingsut Pipa ............................................................................ 8 Gambar 2.6 Mistar Ingsut Posisi Dan Lebar Alur................................................ 8 Gambar 2.7 Mistar Ingsut Putar ........................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.8 Mistar Ingsut Tekanan Ringan ......................................................... 9 Gambar 2.9 Mistar Ingsut Serba Guna ............................................................... 10 Gambar 2.10 Mistar Ingsut Kedalaman ............................................................. 10 Gambar 2.11 Mistar Ingsut Penggores ............................................................... 11 Gambar 2.12 Mistar Ingsut Skala Nonius .......................................................... 13 Gambar 2.13 Mistar Ingsut Jam Ukur ................................................................ 14 Gambar 2.14 Mistar Ingsut Digital .................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.15 Komponen Mistar Ingsut .............................................................. 15 Gambar 3.1 Pengukuran Menggunakan Mistar Ingsut Skala Nonius ................ 19 Gambar 3.2 Pengukuran Menggunakan Mistar Ingsut Skala Jam Ukur ............ 19 Gambar 3.3 Pengukuran Menggunakan Mistar Ingsut Skala Digital ................ 19 Gambar 3.4 Mistar Ingsut Skala Nonius ............................................................ 20 Gambar 3.5 Mistar Ingsut Skala Jam Ukur ........................................................ 20 Gambar 3.6 Mistar Ingsut Skala Digital ............................................................ 21 Gambar 3.7 V-Block ........................................................................................... 21 Gambar 3.8 Bantalan .......................................................................................... 21 Gambar 4.1 Bantalan .......................................................................................... 22 Gambar 4.2 V-Block ........................................................................................... 23 Gambar 5.1 Grafik Bantalan Pengamat A Skala Nonius Vs Skala Digital ........ 26 Gambar 5.2 Grafik Bantalan Pengamat A Skala Jam Ukur Vs Skala Digital.... 27 Gambar 5.3 Grafik Bantalan Pengamat B Skala Nonius Vs Skala Digital ........ 28 Gambar 5.4 Grafik Bantalan Pengamat B Skala Jam Ukur Vs Skala Digital .... 29

vii

Gambar 5.5 Grafik V-Blok Pengamat A Skala Nonius Vs Skala Digital .......... 31 Gambar 5.6 Grafik V-Blok Pengamat A Skala Jam Ukur Vs Skala Digital ...... 32 Gambar 5.7 Grafik V-Blok Pengamat B Skala Nonius Vs Skala Digital .......... 34 Gambar 5.8 Grafik V-Blok Pengamat B Skala Jam Ukur Vs Skala Digital ...... 35 Gambar 2.1 Mikrometer ..................................................................................... 41 Gambar 2.2 Posisi Mikrometer Yang Sesuai ..................................................... 43 Gambar 2.3 Mikrometer Luar Dengan Landasan Tetap Yang Diganti .............. 44 Gambar 2.5 Mikrometer Indikator ..................................................................... 45 Gambar 2.5 Mikrometer Batas ........................................................................... 46 Gambar 2.6 Mikrometer Luar Dengan Penunjuk Atau Digit ............................. 46 Gambar 2.7 Mikrometer Bangku ....................................................................... 47 Gambar 2.8 Mikrometer Uni .............................................................................. 47 Gambar 2.9 Mikrometer Landasan V................................................................. 48 Gambar 2.10 Mikrometer Pipa ........................................................................... 48 Gambar 2.11 Mikrometer Alur .......................................................................... 48 Gambar 2.12 Mikrometer Dalam Tiga ............................................................... 49 Gambar 2.13 Mikrometer Kepala ...................................................................... 49 Gambar 2.14 Bagian-Bagian Mikrometer .......................................................... 51 Gambar 2.15 Prinsip Kerja Mikrometer............................................................. 52 Gambar 2.17 Silinder Putar Membuka.............................................................. 53 Gambar 2.18 Pembagian Skala Ukur ................................................................. 53 Gambar 2.19 Pengun...