Lecture 3 Field Crop Identification PDF

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IDENTIFICATION OF FIELD CROPS Identification of crop: A plant that is grown with proper care and management for its economic value is termed as crop. It is very difficult to give a precise definition of crop but it has some characteristicsi. Crop must be cultivated species. ii. It must have economic value. Crop is an aggregation of individual plants, grown on a particular location usually of the same species or variety and has same economic value.

Agronomic crops or field crop: The crops, which are grown together with less care, usually in large areas and harvested in bulk, is termed as agronomic crops. Horticultural crops: Crops that is grown with intensive care. Definition of identification: Identification is the art or technique by which one can differentiate various objects or organism (plants, animals) from each other considering their typical characteristics (morphology) and functions. Identification of Crop: Identification of crop is an art through which unwanted plants can be separated out from the cropped area. Crops of different species are also separated out on basis of their morphological features. Importance of identification of crops: Unwanted plants in crop field often results in severe competition for space, light, nutrients etc. and the quality of the produce is impaired. So, crops and non-crop species should be identified for successful crop production and better yield. Classification of crops: Classification is an acceptable product of scientific studies and is obviously based on well-defined characteristics or concepts that separate one group from another. On the basis of use of crop plants and their products, crop can be classified as followsA. Cereal crops: Cereals are the cultivated grasses grown for their edible starchy grains under graminae family. Examples:

English Name Rice

Scientific Oryze

Name sative

Family Graminae /Poaceae

Wheat Maize/corn Barley Sorghum Common Millet

Triticum Zea Hordeum Sorghum Panicum

aestivum mays vulgare vulgare miliaceum

,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

Pearl Millet Italian

Pennisetum Setaria

typhoides italica

,, ,,

Millets: Millets are the small-grained cereals and have a single cover (due to fusion of testa to the pericorp)

. B. Fibre Crops: Crops that is grown for the production of fibre. Jute (deshi) Corchorus capsularis Jute (Tosha) Corchorus olitorius Mesta/Rozelle Hibiscus sabdariffa Sunhemp Crotalaria juncea Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus Spp Cotton Gossypium herbaceum Gossypium arboreum Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium barbadense Gossypium

Tillaceae ,, Malvaceae Leguminosea Malvacea Malvacee

C. Oil seed crop: Crop that produce seeds of high fatty acids contents, used to extract vegetable oil is termed as oil seed crop.

English name Mustard

Groundnut Sesame Linseed Soybean Sunflower Niger Castor Safflower

S. N Brassica Brassica Brassica Brassica Arachis Sesamum Linum Glycine Helianthus Guizortia Ricinus Carthomus Elaeis

Family SPP nigra (Black) campestris(Born) juncea (Indian) hypogea indicum usitatissimum max annuus abyssinica communis tinctorius guineesis

Crucifer

Leguminosea Pedaliaceae Linaceae Leguminosea Compositae ,, Euphorbiacea Compositae Palmae

D. Pulses: Seeds of leguminous crop plants used as food especially for the supplementation of protein.

English Name lentil pea Munghean Backgram Gram Pigeon pea Cowpea Grass pea

Scientific Name lens Pisum Vigna Vigna Cicer Cajanas Vigna Lathyrus

Family culinaris sativum radiata mungo arietinum cajan unguiculata sativus

Compositae Leguminosae ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,

E. Sugar yielding crops: The crops, which are grown for the production of sugar, are sugar-yielding crops. Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum Graminae Sugarbeet Beta vulgaris Chenopodiaceae F. Narcotic Crop: Crop plants or other products that are used for stimulating, numbing, drowsing or relishing effects are known as Narcotic crops. Tobacco Indian hemp Opium

Nicotiana Cannabis

tabacum sativa

Solanaceae Urticaceae

Papaver

somniferum

Pepaveraceae

G. Beverage crops: The crops whose products are used as mild, agreeable and stimulating liquors meant for drinking. Tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae Coffee Coffea arabica Rubiaceae Cacao Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae H.Fodder Crops: The crops whose products (vegetative matter either fresh or preserved) used as feed for animal is called fodder crop. Maize Zea mays Graminae Sorghum Sorghum vulgare Bazra Pennisetum typhoides ,, Barley Hordeum vulgare ,, Napier Pennisetum purpureum ,, grass Guinea Purureum maximum ,, grass Brachiaria mutica ,, Medicago sativa Leguminosea Cowpea Vigua unguiculata Leguminosea Lathyrus sativus ,, Blackgram Vigna mungo ,, I. Green manuring crop: The crop plants that are used for incorporation into the soil, as green state to add organic matter for improving the physical properties and fertility status of soil. Dhaincha Sesbania aculeata Leguminosea Sunhemp Crotalaria juncea ,, Cowpea Vigna unguiculata ,, Pea Pisum sativum ,, Black gram Vigna mungo ,,...