Lectures - Jon Cox PDF

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Quiz 1 Lecture-- Tattoos by Matthew Amey ● Earliest found: mummified corpse daing 3250 BCE found on borders of austria and italy ● More found in siberia around 400 BCE --2 warriors, female and horse ● Tattoo cultures in many places ○ Japanese Tattooing -Irezumi (was outlawed) ○ Pacific islander tattoos -geometric and patterned representing tribal hierarchy -more tattoos showed you were more important ● Norman collins/sailor jerry--sailor learned new techniques in tattooing ○ First to use disposable needles and way to sterilize ● Don Ed Hardy --intrigued by tattooing as an art form & became student of sailor jerry ● Lyle Tuttle --tattoo artist in san francisco bay area ○ Janis joplin first celebrity with a visible tattoo ● Increase in tattoo popularity among women, tv shows, celebrities ○ Seen in print ads, commercials, on rappers, etc. ● Matthew Amney -Tattoo artist went to UD to learn more about design Tattoo at the field museum ● Tattoo exhibit of the art form --silicone life size body parts hat artists tattooed & full body designs & pop up tattoo parlor ●

P.Ink --non profit helping breast cancer survivors get their perfect mastectomy tattoo

The cops are interested in your Tattoos ● Make records of tattoos --often represent gang tattoos ● Tattoo recognition could help law enforcement find gang members but also put innocent people in same category with similar tattoos --if it’s not just tracking criminals but tracking everyone ● Tattoo recognition Lecture- Ian Sampson Comics & Graphic Novels ● Newspaper comics to graphic novels ○ Go back to mass printing in Europe --sequence of pictures that told a story, ex: end of 19th century Puck magazine -cartoons, stories, etc. ○ Started newspaper with strips of comics in yellow printing ○ 1900s started to see actual color comics in newspaper --driver for selling papers, a lot of freedom and creativity for artists ○ 40s-50s comic books --repreting stacks of strips and putting them into a book ~lot more adventure, super hero, romance, etc. ○ 1954: Seduction of the Innocent , Fredric Wertham --study of the influence of comic books on today’s youth -- degenerate effects on kids --mandated that comics have to be tailored for just kids so they aren’t reading adult content ○ 1968: Zap Comix -- break out of traditional comics and looked back to original newspaper ones but very offensive content

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1972: Wimmen’s Comix --breaking comic book tradition, personal, autobiographical, telling stories ■ Launched DIY indie comics movement → where graphic novels started to come about Art Spiegelman influence by this to tell any kind on story through comic -RAW

Lecture- Semiotics ● Field of study of how humans and other organisms provide meaning from the world around them ● Icon- directly resembles the object (ex: painting of a pipe represents a pipe) ● Index- implied association with the object, aligned in a logical way (ex: growling stomach=hunger) ● symbol -not inherently connected but convention within a society --must be taught (ex: dotted line on a road means you can pass) ● User interface designers --to make programs easy to use--must understand index, icon and symbols ○ A/B Testing --which is best associated with intended object ○ Publics interpretation changes quickly (ex: hamburger design for symbol of menu -- quickly become an industry standard) or (ex: symbol of floppy disk for save button) ● Emojis --interpretation of symbols can have different meaning depending on culture ● Ability to interpret signs differentiates humans from other organisms

UNIT 1 READINGS Type Talk: How Posters Work ● As a medium of communication, the poster has a long history and a wide range of social functions, from selling a product to promoting an event or a cause. Despite the rise of digital media, the print poster remains a vital, and oftentimes radical form of visual communication. ● How posters work catalog --about how designers see ○ The 14 subsections are: ● Focus the Eye ○ make a viewer take notice is to make an image big and put it in the middle of a space. Color and form can also be used to bring attention to a central element ● Overwhelm the eye ○ engage the viewer in an optical experience and lead the eye on a restless journey by incorporating dense patterns, wandering lines and competing colors. ● Simplify ○ simplify an image in order to direct attention to a message or product ● Cut and Paste ○ Splitting images apart and combining bits and pieces to create new meaning is central to the design process ● Overlap

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various techniques to conjure illusions of depth within the flatness of two dimensional space. The most basic technique for simulating depth is to overlap two or more elements Assault the surface ○ may bend, burn, melt and vandalize the image to unlock its power Activate the diagonal ○ Diagonals help the eye cut across the surface and penetrate its depths Manipulate scale ○ exaggerate scale differences in order to amplify the illusion of depth, or create visual tension among the elements of a composition Use text as image ○ typography is often used to enhance or obscure a message through the size, style and arrangement of letters Tell a story ○ Visual narratives inspire viewers to ask, “What just happened?” or “What will happen next?” Double the meaning ○ In order to create humor and tension, designers sometimes build multiple meanings into a single image Amplify ○ use arresting images and provocative language to communicate the urgency of a message. Lowercase letters can seem calm and conversational, while uppercase letters can project anger or agitation Make eye contact ○ emotional draw of eye contact. The human brain responds to images of eyes, even when they are hidden or distorted Make a system ○ create a system of colors and forms to create a recognizable identity and address spatial relationships among visual elements. Visual systems allow for uniformity and change, repetition and variation

The 12 Common Archetypes ● “Archetype” origin -- “original pattern” ● psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung, used the concept of archetype in his theory of the human psyche. He believed that universal, mythic characters—archetypes—reside within the collective unconscious of people the world over. ● 12 primary types that symbolize basic human motivations --each own set of values, meanings and personality traits & divided into 3 sets of four (Ego, Soul and Self) that share a common driving source ● People have several archetypes in their personality construct but 1 tends to dominant the personality in general and can be helpful to gain insight on behaviors and motivations The Ego Types 1. The Innocent

2. The Orphan/regular guy or gal 3. The Hero 4. The Caregiver The Soul Types 5. The Explorer 6. The Rebel 7. The Lover 8. The Creator The Self Types 9. The Jester 10. The Sage 11. The Magician 12. The Ruler ●

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The Four Cardinal Orientations define four groups, with each group containing three types ○ Freedom, ego, order, social The term archetype can be applied to: An image, A theme, A symbol, An idea, A character type, A plot pattern Archetypes can be expressed in: Myths, Dreams, Literature, Religions, Fantasies, Folklore

Quiz 2 Lecture - Marshall McLuhan’s “The Medium Is the Message” ● Misprint of book “The Medium is the Massage” ● Sensorium -- creation of physical, biological, social and cultural environments of the individual organism and its relationships while being in the world ○ Ex: living in city vs. countryside ■ Working class, middle class, wealthy ■ Culturally religious activities ○ Unique background in how we view the world ● Visuals very important in book, original without it was very dry and lacked meaning ● Format and medium is really important -- video, images, color, etc. ● Medium itself creates identity and how we perceive ourselves ○ Progress of technology has created a global village --phones, planes, trains, computers, etc. ○ Technology has made us closer than ever ● TV allowed freedom of time and space ● Successful technology allows people's participation be part of completed story and idea ● Graphic design and advertising creates world of maps ● The Internet, social media and cell phones allow people to still be connected and answer questions but do they reveal absolute truths? ● Twitter links to so many perspectives and opinions --does it define truth or connect us to

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like minded users --potential for immediacy ○ One big gossip column, unforgiving and unforgetful ○ Liberating, communication, instant action ○ Ex: black lives matter, me too Social implications of the medium

Readings Marshall McLuhan - The Medium is the Massage ● The medium -- electric technology -- is reshaping and restructuring patterns of social interdependence and every aspect of our personal life ● Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication ● Electric technology fosters and encourages unification and involvement ● “Our Age of Anxiety” - result of trying to do today’s job with yesterday’s tools and concepts ● Youth understands present environment and reason for great alienation between generations ● You ○ Dilemma between our claim to privacy and community’s need to know ○ Big gossip column - unforgiving and unforgetful with no erasing early mistakes ● Your family ○ Family circle widened, world pool of information ● Your neighborhood ○ Concerns of all other men, dialogue on a global scale ● Your education ○ World of difference between modern home environment of integrated electric information and the classroom ○ Today’s child growing up absurd because he lives in 2 worlds and neither incline him to grow up ● Your job ○ Under conditions of electric circuitry all fragmented job patterns tend to blend once more into involving and demanding roles or forms of work that more and more resemble teaching and learning ● Your government ○ Public in sense of great consensus of separate and distinct view points is finished .. today mass audiences can be used as a creative, participating force ○ Politics offers yesterdays answers to today’s questions ○ New form of politics -- participation via tv, freedom marches, war, revolution, pollution and other events is changing everything ● “The others” ○ Minority groups can no longer be contained or ignored, too many people know too much about each other, become irrevocably involved with an responsible for each other ● All media work us over completely. They are so pervasive in their personal, political,

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economic, aesthetic, psychological, moral, ethical, and social consequences that they leave no part of us untouched, unaffected, unaltered. The medium is the massage. Any understanding of social and cultural change is impossible without a knowledge of the way media work as environments. ○ All media are extensions of some human faculty - psychic or physical Media alters the environment and unique perceptions when extended any one sense alters way we think act and way we perceive the world Alphabet is a construct of fragmented bits and parts with no semantic meaning in themselves but strug together and in a prescribed order ○ Until writing man lived in acoustic space: boundless, directionless, horizonless ○ Printing, a ditto device --extended new visual provided first uniformly repeatable commodity Electric circuitry profoundly involves men with one another. Information pours upon us, instantaneously and continuously. As soon as information is acquired, it is very rapidly replaced by still newer information. Print technology created the public. Electric technology created the mass. The public consists of separate individuals walking around with separate, fixed points of view Most people find it difficult to understand purely verbal concepts. They suspect the ear; they don't trust it. In general we feel more secure when things are visible, when we can "see for ourselves." In television there occurs an extension of the sense of active, exploratory touch which involves all the senses simultaneously, rather than that of sight alone ○ Television demands participation and involvement in depth of the whole being. It will not work as a background. It engages you. total war has become information war. It is being fought by subtle electric informational media —under cold conditions, and constantly The environment as a processor of information is propaganda. Propaganda ends where dialogue begins. You must talk to the media, not to the programmer. To talk to the programmer is like complaining to a hot dog vendor at a ballpark about how badly your favorite team is playing the environment that man creates becomes his medium for defining his role in it. The invention of type created linear, or sequential, thought, separating thought from action. Now, with TV and folk singing, thought and action are closer and social involvement is greater. We again live in a village.

Climate Protest Signage: The Medium is the Message ● Climate change protest --form and content are closely related in media applied to many of the hand made signs with their inventive forms and content

UNIT 3 Lecture- Archetypes ● Archetypes: patterns that occur over history and around the world

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Character, action, system that is prototype or pattern of way humans live that continues over period time and over geographical locations ● History of writing is relatively new but humans have been making marks for over 7,000 years ● Oral histories and storytelling was relied on ● Ese’Eja Culture --make meaning of their place in the world thru their stories ● Hadza creation story --stories they have to help them know how to react to world around them ● Characteristics ○ Occur in different cultures ○ Exist throughout time ● Carl Jung ○ Inherent pattern of thought derived from the past experience of the whole race and present in our unconscious minds ● Today we have ability to travel over the world and share stories online as well but this hasn't been case for most of human existence --only local travel by foot before train, planes, cars ● Hero: admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities ○ These archetypes are everywhere throughout culture Examples: ● in advertising Nike uses the archetype hero to connect all people ● in literature character can be seen such as to kill a mockingbird --atticus finch stands larger than life against falsehood and injustice ● in religion --buddha great impact on the world moved by suffering in the world and seen as a hero (siddahrtha gautama) ● in war --decorated soldier ● in art --white cloud tribal chief ● in entertainment industry such as mulan who was inspired from ancient story that has now become films and performances ● in politics -nelson mandela south africa's first black president -source of inspiration for civil rights activists worldwide ● Collective unconscious ○ All humans have a hive mind and share common ancestry and rely on a common set of patterns for survival --ways to understand the world shared throughout time from oral stories, hieroglyphics, art, and now modernly through social media, radio, etc. Readings Archetypes Complete ● 4 cardinal orientations each group with 3 types ● Freedom: explorer, outlaw, jester ● Social: lover, caregiver, everyman ● Order: sage, rulder, innocent ● Ego: magician, hero, creator ○ Understanding groups help understand the motivational and self perceptual

dynamics What Makes a Great Logo ● Should be unique, scalable, simple and work well in monochrome but there is more to gauge than these common prerequisites ● Logo is a tool for conditioning --way for businesses to differentiate their products from competitors through unique stylization of packaging, ads and messages they offer ● Fungible products: able to replace or be replaced by another identical ietm; mutually interchangeable (ex: coke and pepsi) ○ Most purchasing decisions are emotional so companies do this often with telling stories that humans associate with company’s visual assets ○ Ex: look of mcdonalds visuals and ads pairs with images of joy, youth and happiness to invoke a positive emotional response that we unconsciously internalize ● The Qualities ○ 1: great logos can be recreated by hand, off memory ○ 2: logos should look ‘structurally sound’ ■ Humans are attracted to language and symbols that are organized, aligned symmetrical & like things that look modern ○ 3: the founder should like it ■ the disliked logo should add doub to his/her mindset ○ 4: it is remarkable Milton Glaser on his most iconic works and the importance of ethics in design -One of America’s most illustrious graphic designers and renowned graphic artists Milton Glaser ● How does a design factor in ethics? ○ Balance of life emphasis on self fulfilling activities and ignoring needs of others but realize we are with others and they are part of our life ● Is capitalism and need for growth too strong against ethics in design? ○ Emphasis on money and fame amplified idea to overwhelming self interest but need to realize civilization itself is at stake if this characteristic continues to be amplified more ● Do you think computer and digital revolution are making designers lazy? ○ Avoiding difficulty and makes people unwilling to engage in most difficult things in their life, not just computer but change of ethos the atmosphere and politics and everything making people search for fame and money that yields no rewards Lecture - Type and Letter Press ● Gingerly press ● About her business and how the press works Lecture- Photography for Citizen Science ● Race and socioeconomic barriers photography tells the story is readily available ● Timothy Roth shows information about how deep is snapping turtle can hibernate under

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the soil indigenous communities like Lenape Indian tribe of Delaware this image reinforces their creation story about how the great spirit created their Homeland by placing Earth on the back of a giant turtle fish native to the Mid-Atlantic region Butterfly milkweed --photo of flower Use photography to capture areas of places --google earth Cell phone photography can take the tangible assets of the area Tangible and nontangible to learn about the area Citizen science cultural mapping initiatives --documenting and listening to past generations Black walnut tree in the Lenape tribe - multiple uses Observation, describing, analysis, interpretation ○ Observation active process of time and attention --mental catalog of visual elements ○ Describing can help you to identify and organize your thoughts ○ Analysis applies reason to make meaning or tell a story -may need some research to inform analysis To be better citizen scientist = better photographer Photographic techniques ○ Intersection lines ○ Repeating shapes ○ Varied focus ○ How does a certain animal see the world ? -above or below angles for unique perspectives ○ Bull’s eye approach ■ Direct center of the frame ○ Background control to see the structures of what you are looking at better ○ How close can you get a photo of your subject Lighting techniques ○ 2 main categories: hard light (sunny day with shadows) and soft light (cloudy or total shade) Hard light ○ Frontal light -coming from behind the photographer and pointing directly at subject --makes subject appear flat --best for color of subject (ex: butterflies or sunflowers) ○ Side lighting - sun or light source coming from left or right --best to show shape, form and texture, giving a 3D appearance (ex: thorns on a cactus) ○ Backlighting: sun or light source coming from the back -sihoutetts, translucency, rim lighting, (ex: cactus front on with rim lighting) ○ Diffused lighting- when no or very little direct sunlight --cloudy or total shade -lack or very soft shadows --good for subtle details iNaturalist ○ Focus on wild organisms ○ Photograph weeds

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