Legacy OF Heroes: Bataan and Corregidor PDF

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LEGACY OF HEROES; THE STORY OF BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR Produced by Department of National Defense  to promote the welfare and to preserve the legacy of the war veteransUS ARMY FORCES IN THE FAR EAST (USAFFE)GENERAL DOUGLAS MCARTHUR  Ph commonwealth planned course of action through him (military adv...

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LEGACY OF HEROES; THE STORY OF BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR  Produced by Department of National Defense  to promote the welfare and to preserve the legacy of the war veterans US ARMY FORCES IN THE FAR EAST (USAFFE) GENERAL DOUGLAS MCARTHUR  Ph commonwealth planned course of action through him (military adviser)  ROTC utilized; periodically called to training  Because of the scarce weaponry, during drills they use fireworks and bamboo cannon JULY 1941  End of Peace time  5 years away from independence  Japan took over S French, india, and china PEARL HARBOR  Attacked by Japanese on December 8, 1941  After 6 hours bombs hit Baguio and Davao 1ST DAY OF WAR  Planes of USAFFE were demolished because of the surprise attack in Clark 2 DAYS AFTER 1ST WAVE OF ATTACK  Japanese destroyed naval bases in Cavite CAPTAIN JESUS VILLAMOR  leader of six fighter planes; peashooter – Boeing P26 fighter (1932)  took on 54 japanese air raider and took down 2  earned the service cross o Japanese landed in Apari, Vigan and Legaspi to cease air fields o McArthur thought it was purely diversionary WAR PLAN ORANGE  Old defensive plan that was originally discarded  The withdrawal of all USAFFE troops to Bataan Forest and Corregidor  This strategy was used to deny the use of Manila and its strategic Harbor  Troops were expected to hold out until reinforcement arrive JANUARY 1, 1942  All USAFFE troops entered Bataan JANUARY 2, 1942

 Japanese occupied Manila GENERAL MASAHARU HOMMA  Commander of the Japanese 40th army  Given 50 days to conquer Philippines which failed MAJOR JAMES JOSEPH DONNOVAN  Commander of the 31st Infantry Regiment  Tasked to stall Japanese advancement in Layac junction  Set the sugar cane field on fire  Suffered in the death march; died of beriberi o 21st Division in Porac and &1st Division in Layac slowed down the advancement SGT. JOSE CALUGAS  Station at Layac Junction  Organized a volunteer squad to put a gun back in commission and fired effectively against enemy  Awarded the US Congressional medal of honor FIRST MAIN LINE  Mauban; 1st corps to Abucay; 2nd corps  Attacked was focused on the Abucay but failed to break 41st Division with the commander vicente lim 2ND LINE OF DEFENSE  Orion-Bagac line  While forming Japanese broke through BATTLE OF THE POINTS  Gen. Homma ordered to attack from the back of the lines  Japanese emrged from different points of the shore  They were spotted which resulted in the annihilation of them  JOSE TANDO o Ph Constabulary Captain o He crawled to the enemy bunker and threw a hand grenade which effectively killed the Japanese machine gunner. BATTLE OF THE POCKETS  Little, Big, upper Pockets  USAFFE tanks were deployed but it was virtually imposible  Igorot from 11th division lead the tanks o Mid Feb, bataan troops was still holding o 2,275 J was killed; 4,049 wounded

o Other Japanese war machines have conquer Hongkong, Guam and China and Singapore o Homma decided to wait for reinforcement which led to a lull of 45 days JAPANESE PROPAGANDA  Leaflet of women and reminders of family  This to weaken the morale of the troops but failed to do so REMEMBER ERLINDA  A Filipino raped and killed by the Japanese  It became the battlecry o To boost the morale of the soldiers in bataan, broadcast of the voice of freedom in Corregidor o “A mile long convoy was on the way” by Pres. Roosevelt o No convoy was coming because US gov. decided to aid Europe before Pacific o Food and Medicine was scarce; lugaw, iguana, snakes, horses; malaria = cementery o Quezon wanted to gain the independency of the Philippines so that he can taboy the japanese and us army out. Roosevelt disapproved o “How typically American to anguish over the fate of a distant cousin while a daughter is being raped in the back room” Quezon o Quezon was evacuated by submarine while McArthur left by pitiboat enroute to Australia o Gen. Jonathan Wainright took over the command o Gen. Edward King commander of Bataan Forces APRIL 3, 1942 (good friday)  Fresh troop of J captured Mt. Samat  Fierce artillery in the frontline and rear position  Attempted to form Temporary defense lines of Fil-American soldiers were pushed back  1st infantry Regiment and Ph scout units tried to retaliate but were repulsed  Gen. King surrendered the entire bataan force with the assurance that soldiers treated humanly  Freedom Voice “Bataan has fallen” broadcasted in Corregidor DEATH MARCH  66k fil 10k American  100kilometer ordeal  Gathered POW form the towns of mariveles to Balanga  They Marched to San Fernando, Pampanga to board train, then march again to Capaz Tarlac to O’donald prison camp  >400 killed officers in Bangkingan River by bayonet  >100 to one car some died of suffocation  Estimated 10k escaped or died

MAY 5, 1942  Japanese started to conquer Corregidor  The hospital in Malinta tunnel was at risked  Gen. Wainright was forced to durrender on May 6, 27 days after bataan has fallen  Corregidor POW was marched to city of manila to bilibid they then joined the bataan POW in camp O’Donald 1944  McArthur returned  Guerilla in the helped

ADDITIONAL NOTES  Peace time ended in 1941; it was 5 years i Philippine commonwealth  President: Manuel L. Quezon ; Vice: Osmena  31st Infantry Regiment AKA “Thirsty firsters ”  A lot of Americans wanted to be assigned in the PH because it was considered good living for a soldier  US oppose Japanese invasion of china = conflicts between the two = war  The myth of American invincibility gave Filipinos false sense of security  Cadet Officers of Cadet corps assigned to the 1st regular division; most were assigned as commanding officer of frontline infantry companies  Some volunteers were sent home because of lack of resources  Gen. McArthur planned to make beaches as the frontlines  40,000 civilian marched to Bataan to seek security this unprecedented event lead to having Manila as Open City...