Lmpty 207 - LAB MANUAL FOR CARDIO PDF

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

LABORATORY MANUALS PTY 207 GENERAL MEDICINE

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Table of Contents S. No.

Title of Experiment

Page No.

1

Chest Examination

3

2

Sensory Examination

4

3

Motor assessment

5

4

Scales for cardiopulmonary disorders

6

5

Clinical assessment in leprosy

7

6

Clinical assessment in Rheumatic fever

8

7

Clinical assessment in Pneumonia

9

8

Dfferential diagnosis of Respiratory conditions

10

9

Investigations in Viral diseases

11

10

Clinical assessment in Metabolic Disorders

12

11

Clinical assessment in Diabetic foot

13

12

Clinical assessment in Nutritional deficiency disorders

14

13

Clinical assessment in GIT disorders

15

14

Investigations in liver disorders

16

15

Clinical assessment in Kidney disorders

17

16

Clinical assessment in skin disorders

18

17

Clinical assessment in Psychosomatic disorders

19

18

Clinical assessment in Dementia

20

19

Clinical assessment in mental retardation

21

20

Psychotherapy

22

21

Group therapy

23

22

Behaviour Modification therapy

24

23

Family therapy

25

24

Play therapy

26

TEXT BOOKS: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice of Medicine

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.1-(LAB-1,5,6) AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of Chest&respiratory function in various respiratory disorders. Title: i) Chest Examination. Equipments used: Couch, Stethoscope

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly assess a case. b) To enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to use different scales as a diagnostic & Prognostic tool.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data,start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. Important thing which should be kept in mind is his age & main etiology.

REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap19/Pg 739]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.2-(LAB-2,3,9) AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of sensory function followed by evaluation of Leprotic hand Title: i) Sensory Examination ii) Clinical assessment in leprosy iii) Clinical assessment in Diabetic foot Equipments used: Couch, clothes of different textures,brush,pins. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to chalk out level of injury. b) To be enable students to measure disability’ c) To enable students how to take continuous follow up of patients which is more objective. PROCEDURE: a) Proper position should be taught. b) Start with superficial & end at cortical examination. c) Incorporate special tests to measure motor function. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing case take necessary precautions to avoid over injury. REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap21/Pg 805;333]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.3 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of motor function Title: i) Motor

Examination

Equipments used: Couch, human model. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to assess the muscle power by grading the muscles manually. b) To be enable students to assess the tone of muscle groups. c) To enable students how to take continuous follow up of patients which is more objective. PROCEDURE: a) Proper position should be taught. b) Start with grading the muscle groups bilaterally . c) Assess tone and grade it according to Modified Ashworth Scale. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing case take necessary precautions to avoid over injury. REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap21/Pg 805;333]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.4 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of Chest&respiratory functions by using various scales Title: i) Ussing scales for cardiopulmonary disorders. Equipments used: Couch, Scales

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly assess a case. b) To enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to use different scales as a diagnostic & Prognostic tool.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data,start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. Important thing which should be kept in mind is his age & main etiology.

REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap19/Pg 739]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.5 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of Leprotic hand Title: i) Clinical assessment in leprosy. Equipments used: Couch, clothes of different textures, brush, pins. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to chalk out level of injury. b) To be enable students to measure extent of sensory loss. c) To enable students how to take continuous follow up of patients which is more objective. PROCEDURE: a) Proper position should be taught. b) Start with superficial & end at cortical examination. c) Incorporate special tests to measure motor function. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing case take necessary precautions to avoid over injury. REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap21/Pg 805;333

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.6 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students how to assess & find out the sequele of Rheumatic fever. Title: i) Clinical assessment in Rheumatic fever Equipments used: Couch,pillows ,goniometer.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to use how to use Jones criteria. b) To be enable students to differentiate between Sydenham’s Chorea & Huntington’s chorea.

PROCEDURE: a) Properly position the patient. b) After demographic data,start with subjective evaluation. c) Now do the objective evaluation. d) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Presence of chorea need special physiotherapeutic intervention.

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap18/Pg 616]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.7 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of Chest&respiratory function in various respiratory disorders. Title: i) Clinical assessment of Pneumonia.

Equipments used: Couch, Stethoscope

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly assess a case. b) To enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to use different scales as a diagnostic & Prognostic tool.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. Important thing which should be kept in mind is his age & main etiology.

REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap19/Pg 739]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.8 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students differential diagnosis of respiratory disorders. Title: i) Differential diagnosis of respiratory disorders. Equipments used: Couch, Stethoscope

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly assess a case. b) To enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to differentially diagnose a respiratory case.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. Important thing which should be kept in mind is his age & main etiology.

REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap19/Pg 739]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.9 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of viral diseases Title: Investigations in Viral diseases. Equipments used: Couch, case reports.. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to come to definite diagnosis. b) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up & continous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) After proper history taking & inspection.. b) Start with the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. Important thing which should be kept in mind his age of onset, rate of progression of symptoms.

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap6/Pg 129]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.10 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students treatment of muscle disorders(dystrophies, myopathieic) cases & encourage them for Evidence Based Practice.

Title: i) Clinical assessment in Metabolic Disorders ii) Clinical assessment in Nutritional deficiency disorders Equipments used: Couch,pillows,stethoscopes,growth charts. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly assess a case & chalk out the specific disorders. b) To be enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to use different scales as a diagnostic & Prognostic tool.

PROCEDURE: a) Keeping in mind the developmental stage start with assessment b) Teach proper positioning to prevent contractures. d) Take care of Cardiovascular status also.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Special consideration should be given to prevent nutritional diseases, type of diet to be used & rehabilitation in community.

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap20/Pg 740;Chap5/96]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.11 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of sensory function of diabetic foot Title: i) Clinical assessment in Diabetic foot Equipments used: Couch, clothes of different textures, brush, pins. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to chalk out extent of neuropathy. b) To be enable students to measure disability. c) To enable students how to take continuous follow up of patients which is more objective. PROCEDURE: a) Proper position should be taught. b) Start with superficial & end at cortical examination. c) Incorporate special tests to measure functional use of foot. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing case take necessary precautions to avoid over injury. REFERENCES: Davidson’sPrinciples & Practice[Chap21/Pg 805;333]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.12 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students treatment of nutritional deficiency diseases & encourage them for Evidence Based Practice.

Title: i) Clinical assessment in Nutritional deficiency disorders Equipments used: Couch, pillows, stethoscopes, growth charts. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly assess a case & chalk out the specific disorders. b) To be enable students to come to definite diagnosis. c) To teach them how to use different scales as a diagnostic & Prognostic tool.

PROCEDURE: a) Keeping in mind the developmental stage start with assessment b) Learn about the symptomology of various nutritional disorders. d) Take care of Cardiovascular status also.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Special consideration should be given to prevent nutritional diseases, type of diet to be used & rehabilitation in community.

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap20/Pg 740;Chap5/96]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.13 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of GIT dysfunction cases & enable them to come to definite diagnosis to find out specific disorders. Title: Clinical assessment in GIT disorders Equipments used: Couch, Stethoscope.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly treat a case according to the GIT disorder c) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up & continuous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all clinical features chalk out the cause& start the treatment.

CAUTIONS: Avoid overexposure of stimuli. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. important thing which should be kept in mind his associated CNS problems

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap22/Pg 850]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.14 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of enable them to come to definite diagnosis to find out specific disorders. Title: Investigations in liver disorders Equipments used: Couch, lab reports. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly assess a case according to the specific disorders. b) To be enable students to come to a definitive diagnosis. c) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up. PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all signs & symptoms do differential diagnosis using lab reports. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. important thing which should be kept in mind his age of onset, rate of progression of symptoms. REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap23/Pg 935]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.15 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students treatment of metabolic disorders of kidneys cases & enable them to come to devise proper treatment plan to treat ensuing complications. Title: i) Clinical assessment in Kidney disorder Equipments used: Couch, pillows.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly treat a case according to the specific disorders. c) To teach them how to tak e a more objective follow up & continuous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) Start with proper positioning technique.

b) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. c) Now do the objective evaluation. d) Learn about the presentation of kidney disfunctions.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While treating patients, keep in mind not to give strenuous exercises as it may lead to increase in blood pressure

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap17/Pg 456;Chap 27/1258]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.16 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students treatment of disorders of skin & enable them to come to devise proper treatment plan to treat ensuing complications. Title: i) Clinical assessment in skin disorders. Equipments used: Couch, pillows.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly treat a case according to the specific disorders. c) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up & continuous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) Start with proper positioning technique.

b) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. c) Now do the objective evaluation. d) Learn about various skin disorders.

DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While treating patients, keep in mind to take sterile precautions in order to prevent cross infection.

REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap17/Pg 456;Chap 27/1258]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.17 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students how to diagnose psychosomatic disorders. Title: i) Clinical assessment in Psychosomatic disorders Equipments used: Couch, pillows.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly treat a case according to the specific disorders.

b) To enable students to identify the ensuing complications of somatic nature due to psychological disorders . c) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up & continuous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation CAUTIONS: Should be taken to prevent injury to patient DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient important thing which should be kept in mind his associated CNS problems and the basic pathophysiology that led to the development of these disorders. REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap10/Pg228]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.18 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students how & when to prescribe assitive device splints or prosthesis in any neurological patient. Title: i) Clinical assessment in Dementia Equipments used: Couch, pillows.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly treat a case according to the specific disorders.

b) To enable students to rule out the ensuing complications of old age. c) To teach them how to take a more objective follow up & continuous changes in treatment plan.

PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation CAUTIONS: Should be taken to prevent injury to patient DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Falls are very common in such patients & may lead to many many orthopaedic deformities. While assessing the patient. important thing which should be kept in mind his associated CNS problems, & other geriatric changes. REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap10/Pg228]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.19 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students assessment of MENTAL RETARDATION cases & enable them to come to definite diagnosis to find out specific disorders. Title: Clinical assessment in mental retardation. Equipments used: Couch, neurological assessment kit. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a)To enable students to properly assess a mental retardation case. b) To enable them to assess their disability level. PROCEDURE: a) After demographic data, start with subjective evaluation. b) Now do the objective evaluation. c) Now keeping in mind all clinical features chalk out the level of disability & set a plan of goals. DISCUSSION/CLINICAL DISCUSSION: While assessing the patient. important thing which should be kept in mind his associated CNS problems, & other changes. REFERENCES: Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine[Chap10/Pg228]

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LMPTY207: GENERAL MEDICINE

EXPERIMENT NO.20 AIM OF EXPERIMENT/TEST: To teach students treatment of psychological disorders cases & enable them to chalk out treatment plan to rehabilitate them in the community. Title: Psychotherapy Equipments used: Couch, Mirror, Parallel Bars. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: a) To enable students to properly treat a...