Lydia Hall - TFN - Lecture notes 5 PDF

Preview

Summary

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing - Arts and Sciences in Humanistic Nursing Theories...

Description

1

Arts and Sciences of Humanistic Nursing

Lydia Hall

2 IV. Lydia Hall

Lydia Hall By Richard Kimball, Mei-Hua Lee, and Sandy Summers

Lydia Eloise Hall was born in New York City on September 21, 1906. She was born as Lydia Eloise Williams and was named after her maternal Grandmother. She was the eldest child of Louis V. Williams and Anna Ketterman Williams. Her family emigrated to York, Pennsylvania where her father practiced as a general physician. She earned her diploma in Nursing from York Hospital School of Nursing, Pennsylvania in 1927, and as she felt the strive to further her education, she took her Bachelor of Science degree in Public Health Nursing in Teacher’s College at Columbia University in New York. She continued to advance her studies and earned her Master's degree in Natural Life Sciences from Columbia University. Lydia worked as a registered nurse for the Life Extension Institute of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in Pennsylvania and New York where preventive health was given a lot of relevance. She also had the opportunity to work for the New York Heart Association from 1935 to 1940. She also pursued being a nurse with the New York Visiting Nurses Association from 1941 to 1947. She became a professor at Columbia's College of Teachers, where she taught nursing students to act as medical consultants and a research analyst in the field of cardiovascular disease. With these, she also became the First Director of Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation at

3 the Montefiore Medical Center (MMC) in the Bronx, New York which brought her to develop Care, Core, Cure Theory. Lydia Hall died on February 27, 1969, of heart disease at Queens Hospital in New York City. Lydia E. Hall was one of the prominent figures that led the stepping stones in innovating nursing as an art and science. She was widely known as the pioneer of the Care, Cure, and Core model in nursing in which care was the responsibility of the nurse, while the Core and Cure aspect was a factor in which the other members of the health team should take part in.

Presentation of Concepts, Relationships, and Model The Concepts in Lydia Hall’s Theory Behavior Lydia Hall specifically defines behavior as anything in which one acts or behaves themselves, particularly towards others or, in other words, things that have been said or done. Behavior is influenced by both conscious and unconscious thinking, but more importantly, this is how one person acts according to his or her feelings and values. Reflection The reflective technique developed by Carl Rogers is an approach that promotes the client's complete acceptance and utilizes caring and compassionate reflection instead of diagnosis or manipulation to enable them to further express feelings. Through this process of reflection, the patient can switch from an unresolved threat of phobia or illness to an identified threat (anxiety) that can be dealt with beneficially. Self-awareness Self-awareness refers to the state of being that nurses are focusing on helping their patients fulfill something. Hence, the more self-awareness a person has towards their feelings through which they have a better understanding of themselves, the more control they have of their behavior. People are then encouraged to make improvements and develop their strength areas, as well as to find areas where they would like to make significant changes. Second-Stage Illness The patient reaches the second step of medical treatment as soon as healthcare professionals tend to provide only follow-up care. Hall describes a second-stage illness as a non-acute disease recovery period. This process is favorable to nurturing and healing. The need for medical treatment is small, but there is a great need for fostering and knowledge. This is also the best chance for wholly professional nursing. Wholly Professional Nursing Wholly Professional Nursing includes nursing care delivered primarily by professional registered nurses, skilled in behavioral sciences, who take responsibility and have the ability to organize and

4 provide total care for the patients. This concept involves the role of nurturing, teaching, and advocacy in the promotion of healing, more particularly in the Care circle.

Relationship The relevant aspects of nursing should not be seen as an independent function but as interconnected, and the circles which represent them vary in size, based on the patient's current progress. Nursing works differed depending mostly on three interlocking circles that comprise the patient's aspects. The three circles represent the body of the patient, the condition concerning the patient, and the relatives of the patient who are closely related that might be affected in the case. Lydia Hall’s theory defines Nursing as the “participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is the sole function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are shared with other members of the health team.” (Gonzalo, A., BSN, RN., 2019) Whereas it can be explained that in Lydia Hall’s 3’Cs Theory not only Nurse but all other health professionals cooperate in order to implement Core, Care, Cure as one function where they use themselves to nurture, relate, and cure.

Subconcepts in Lydia Hall’s Theory Care Circle The care circle discusses the role of nurses and focuses on the mission of nurturing patients. Nurturing involves using the factors that make up the concept of "motherly" treatment offered by nurses, which can include comfort measures, patient guidance, and help the patient by providing activities such as educating patients, and helping a patient meet any needs he or she is unable to meet alone. This is where we can apply the quotation that says, “Nursing is more than just treating a patient”. Core Circle The core is the patient receiving nursing care. The core has goals set by him or herself rather than by any other person and behaves according to his or her feelings and values. This field addresses the social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual needs of the patient in relation to the family, the organization, the community, and the world. This will help the patient convey verbal feelings about the disease process and its impacts using a reflective technique. Through this, it helps the patient explore his or her feelings regarding his or her current health status and related potential changes in lifestyle. Cure Circle The cure is the attention provided by medical practitioners to patients. These are measures or interventions designed to treat a patient for any disease or illness that he or she is dealing with. In this field of nursing theory, nurses are the proponents who contribute medical expertise to the care of patients.

5

Metaparadigm of Hall’s Theory

Individual 3’Cs Theory aims for people who are 16 years of age or older and past the delicate stage of chronic illnesses. Theoretically, the essence is the person or patient to whom nursing care is provided, that’s why Lydia emphasizes that the source of energy and inspiration for recovery is the beneficiary of treatment, not the primary care provider. Hall perceived the patient to be composed of the following aspects: body, pathology, and person. She stressed the importance of the individual as distinct, capable of development and learning, and requiring a viable human approach. Patients achieve their maximum capacity through a process of learning, which is why teaching is the primary support they need.

Health Lydia Hall looks at the concept that being sick is behavior influenced by self-awareness, which is a cause of why a person has difficulty adapting. But on the brighter side, recovery can be improved by helping people make progress in the process of self-awareness. When people come to terms with their own emotions and reasons, they will be able to unleash their healing capabilities. To conclude, Hall highlights the need to help a person explore the significance of his or her actions in order to acknowledge and overcome problems through the process of self-identity and growth.

6 Society and Environment Hall's concept of society and environment is to deal with relation to the individual. Hall assumed that the treatment of acute illness creates difficulty in psychological experience because of the hospital environment. So, Hall developed the Loeb Center to focus on this concept to provide an environment that helps to self-development of the ill individual. Like, the focus of the nurses in the setting is the individual, for the relation to society or environment to focus in action to assist the individual to attain their personal goals. Nursing The 3 C's theory identifies Nursing as the consistent participant in the care, core, and cure of the patient's care. Hall focus as the care is the sole function of nurses. Because the nurses are the one who is nurturing the ill individuals. The major purpose of care is to achieve interpersonal relationships with the individual.

Care, Core and Cure Theory Major Assumptions in Lydia Hall’s Theory The assumptions of Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Theory are as follows: 1. The inspiration and effort required for healing develop within the patient rather than within the healthcare professionals. (Baclig, P., Areola, C.,2018) 2. The three particular aspects of nursing should not be viewed as working separately but as interrelated. (Baclig, P., Areola, C.,2018) 3. The three aspects interact, and the circles that represent them vary in size, depending on the patient's overall progress. (Baclig, P., Areola, C.,2018) Lydia Halls’ nursing theory was developed in the late 1960s which is known as the Care, Core, Cure. In formulating this Nursing Theory, Lydia used her knowledge of psychiatry and nursing experiences in the Loeb Center as a framework. Lydia Hall emphasized that the patient is a ground where 3 overlapping units meet namely, the 1.) the person (core aspect), 2.) the cure (the pathologic condition and treatment), and 3.) care aspect (nurse). The nurse is the primary giver of care and the proper provision of care opens an opportunity for the nurse to understand and learn the patient’s condition. Therefore, in the process of nurturing the patient with care, he or she also becomes knowledgeable about his/her condition that leads to efficacious rehabilitation. The aspect of nursing takes place during one of the two phases of medical care. The first phase consists of the diagnostic and treatment phase and on the other hand, phase 2 contains an evaluative, follow-up phase. The responsibility of setting up an environment in which a person will develop learning is bestowed on the professional nurse. Furthermore, once the patient’s learning goals and motivation are exhibited, rehabilitation and self-love will freely occur. The overall goal for the patient is rehabilitation, which inspires a greater measure of self-actualization and self-love. (adapted from Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. (2018).

7

Application of Theory on the Field of Practice Lydia Hall's theory, the 3 C's closely resembled the nursing model of primary care. Through accurately performing the nursing model as it is applied in the Care, Cure, and Core theory developed by Lydia Hall, healthcare practitioners shall have a more thorough understanding with regards to the taking of the sick. The interpersonal relationship between the healthcare provider and patient must be nurtured and constantly practiced by establishing a concrete ground of communication. Hall’s concept of nurses being accountable and responsible for their health is pertinent and applicable to the ideas that will demonstrate support for the patient. The practice of making your patient comfortable and relaxed must be practiced all the time. Lydia Hall’s theory also views this application as nursing care rather than merely routine care.

Application of theory on the field of Academe Hall's theory is being taught to provide knowledge on how nursing students function as medical consultants. Lydia Hall teaches this concept at Columbia to provide the nursing students to function also as a medical consultant. To learn how to properly give knowledge about how nurses should participate in aspects of patient care and learn how to provide motherly care that includes comfort measures, patient instruction, and helping the patient meet his or her needs when help is needed. Also, it serves as a guide on how to give not only health care nursing but also therapeutic nursing by providing calmness and comfort when the patients are experiencing an emotional breakdown or panic attacks. The Core in the three C's Theory states that nursing care also involves therapeutic nursing. The immense focus on maintaining optimal health and quality of life for the patient and family are some of the factors that need to be attained in providing care for the patient.

Application of theory on the field of Research Hall's Theory about the three C's provides a wide range of knowledge on how nurses can help the patient not only in health care but also in therapeutic nursing. Lydia Hall used her knowledge of psychiatry and nursing experiences in the Loeb Center as a framework for formulating her theory. In 1969, it was discussed in “The Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation” in the International Journal of Nursing Studies. It discusses the use of the three C's Theory in the Loeb Center. It demonstrates the effect on patients on having an interpersonal relationship with other patients. Also, the patient receives not only nursing care but also emphasizes the social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual needs of the patient. The aspect of nursing also involves the administration of medications and treatments and must be an advocate for their patient. Hall explains in the model that the cure circle is shared by the nurse with other health professionals, such as physicians or physical therapists.

8 References Bahadur, N. (2016, May 7). Lydia Hall (Core, Care & Cure) Nursing theory. Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/BAHADURNADIR/lydia-hall-core-care-cure-theory Chinn, P. (2018). Hall’s care, core, and cure theory. Retrieved from: https://nursology.net/nurse-theorists-and-their-work/halls-care-core-cure-theory/ George, J.B.; 2000. Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice. Retrieved from: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Lydia_Hall_Care_Cure_Core.html Sidon, J., (2014, June 16). Lydia E. Hall: Core,Care, and Cure Model. Retrieved from: http://tfnursing.blogspot.com/2014/06/lydia-e-hall.html Wayne, G. (2014, September 16). Lydia Hall – Care, Cure, Core Nursing Theory – Nurseslabs. Retrieved from: https://nurseslabs.com/lydia-e-halls-care-cure-core-theory/...